Biology of Halophytes

PrefaceIntroductionChapter 1. Sources of Salinity Marine Sources Lithogenic Sources Anthropogenic SourcesChapter 2. Formation of Salines Salt Cycles in Nature Water Regimes and Salt Accumulation Marine Salines Coastal Salines Inland Salines Aerogenic Salines Anthropogenic SalinesChapter 3. Saline and Sodic Soils General Characteristics of Saline Soils Soil Salinity and Water Relations Sodium Adsorption and Profile Formation Classification of Saline and Sodic Soils The Ecology of Waterlogged Halomorphic SoilsChapter 4. Classification TextChapter 5. Distribution and Synecology of Halophytes Classification of Halophytic Communities Typical Halophytic Communities Succession in Salt-Affected Habitats Interrelationships between Plants and Spatial Distribution within the Community Life Form, Distribution, and Migration of HalophytesChapter 6. Water Relations General Remarks: Water in Saline Soils Availability of Water to Plants Salinity and Water Flow Osmotic Adaptation Water Transport in Stems Transpiration Absorption of Atmospheric MoistureChapter 7. Ion Transport and Mineral Nutrition General Remarks: Nutrition in a Hostile Environment Salt Movement toward Roots Salt Uptake and Uptake Mechanisms Difference in Ion Uptake along Roots Ion Distribution throughout Plants Localization of Ions in Subcellular Compartments Nutritional Requirements for Sodium and Chloride Effects of Salinity on Metabolism of the Major Nutritive Cations and Anions Specific Problems of Plant Nutrition in Salt Marshes and Saline SpringsChapter 8. Regulation of Salt Content of Shoots Secretion of Salts Salt Leaching Guttation Removal of Salt-Saturated Organs Salt Retransportation Accumulation of Salts in Salt Hairs Ecological Significance of Salt RemovalChapter 9. Dispersal and Propagation Dissemination of Fruits and Seeds Germination Vegetative ReproductionChapter 10. Growth General Remarks Growth Inhibition and Osmotic Effects Ionic Effects Effects of Salinity on Growth of Various Organs Aftereffects of Salinity ProductivityChapter 11. Metabolism Salinity and Respiration Salinity and Carbohydrate Metabolism Effects of Salinity on Activity of Some Enzymes Organic Acid Metabolism Dark C02 Fixation Effects on Assimilation Effects of Salinity on Metabolism of Proteins and Growth Regulators Miscellaneous EffectsChapter 12. Salt Resistance Definitions Salt Resistance, Growth, and Differentiation Ion Composition and Salt Resistance Salt Damage and Salt Tolerance Raising the Resistance of Plants to Salts Resistance to Salt, Drought, and AlkalinityChapter 13. Formative Effects of Salinity Classification of Succulents Modification of Leaves Modification of Stems Modifications of RootsChapter 14. Marine Halophytes Submerged Marine Angiosperms Mangroves High Coast HalophytesChapter 15. Ecological Notes on Some Terrestrial Halophytes Introduction Aeluropus litoralis (Willd.) Pari. Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. Arthrocnemum Moq. Aster tripolium L. Atriplex L. Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen. Halogeton C. A. Mey. Juncus L. Limonium Mill. Nitraria return (Forssk.) Aschers. Phragmites communis Trin. Prosopis farcta (Banks et Sol.) Eig. Salicornia L. Spartina Schreb. Suaeda Forssk. ex Scop. Tamarix L.Chapter 16. Ecotypic Differentiation General Remarks Morphological Adaptation Phenological Adaptations Anatomical Adaptations Physiological AdaptationsReferencesAuthor indexGenus and Species IndexSubject Index