Biology of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

1st Edition - January 11, 2022
Authors: Chaya Gopalan, Erik Kirk
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 4 2 1 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 4 2 2 - 8

Biology of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases combines physiology and pathophysiology of selected metabolic and cardiovascular diseases with health relevance. Written in a conc… Read more

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Biology of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases combines physiology and pathophysiology of selected metabolic and cardiovascular diseases with health relevance. Written in a concise and easy to read manner, the book allows readers to gain an understanding on a number of topics, including cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology and how it relates to the development of insulin resistance, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. The book also highlights the relevance of obesity in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and emphasizes the benefits of exercise as a preventative measure and way to treat underlying conditions.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
About the authors
Preface
Organization
Chapter 1: The heart
Abstract
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Location of the heart
1.3: The pericardium
1.4: Layers of the heart wall
1.5: External anatomy of the heart
1.6: Internal anatomy of the heart
1.7: Cardiac muscle and electrical activity
1.8: Cardiac muscle metabolism
1.9: Conduction system of the heart
1.10: Membrane potentials in cardiac conductive cells
1.11: Membrane potentials in cardiac contractile cells
1.12: Electrocardiogram
1.13: Cardiac cycle
1.14: Heart sounds
1.15: Heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output
1.16: Cardiovascular centers
References
Chapter 2: The blood vessels
Abstract
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Blood vessel arrangement
2.3: Shared structures of blood vessels
2.4: Arteries
2.5: Arterioles
2.6: Capillaries
2.7: Venules
2.8: Veins
2.9: Blood flow
2.10: Regulation of blood flow
2.11: Capillary exchange
2.12: Venous system
2.13: The role of exercise on systemic blood flow
References
Chapter 3: Inflammation
Abstract
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Types of inflammation
3.3: Cellular components
3.4: Chemical mediators
3.5: Characteristics of inflammation
3.6: Acute inflammation
3.7: Chronic inflammation
3.8: Resolution of inflammation
3.9: Risk factors associated with chronic inflammation
3.10: Complications of chronic inflammation
3.11: Free radicals and inflammation
3.12: Role of antioxidants
3.13: Antiinflammatory agents
3.14: Diet and inflammation
3.15: Exercise and inflammation
References
Chapter 4: Obesity and metabolic syndrome
Abstract
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Body mass index as an index of fat accumulation
4.3: Causes of obesity
4.4: Adipose tissue
4.5: Types of fat deposition
4.6: Leptin and ghrelin
4.7: Development of resistance to hormones
4.8: Metabolic syndrome
4.9: Pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome
4.10: Treatment options for obesity and the metabolic syndrome
References
Chapter 5: Atherosclerosis
Abstract
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Risk factors shared by arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
5.3: Pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis
5.4: Atherosclerosis
5.5: Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
5.6: The role of high-density lipoprotein in the development of atherosclerosis
5.7: C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation
5.8: Aneurysms and dissection
5.9: Pathogenesis of aneurysms
References
Chapter 6: Coronary artery disease
Abstract
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Coronary arteries
6.3: Coronary veins
6.4: Phasic variations in coronary blood flow
6.5: Regulation of coronary circulation
6.6: Coronary artery disease (CAD)
6.7: Risk factors for CAD
6.8: Myocardial infarction (MI)
6.9: Pathogenesis of myocardial infarction
6.10: Cardiogenic shock
6.11: Cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction
6.12: Revascularization of the heart
6.13: Myocardial reperfusion injury
6.14: Exercise and prevention of myocardial injury
6.15: Congestive heart failure
6.16: The progression of heart failure
6.17: Common blood tests to diagnose MI
6.18: Treatment options for MI
References
Chapter 7: Renal physiology
Abstract
7.1: Introduction
7.2: External anatomy of the kidney
7.3: Internal anatomy
7.4: Nephrons
7.5: The glomerulus
7.6: The Bowman's capsule
7.7: Proximal tubule
7.8: Loop of Henle
7.9: Distal tubule
7.10: Collecting ducts
7.11: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
7.12: Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
7.13: Glomerular filtration
7.14: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
7.15: Regulation of glomerular filtration rate
7.16: Tubular reabsorption and secretion
7.17: Reabsorption and secretion in the proximal tubule
7.18: Reabsorption and secretion in the loop of Henle
7.19: Reabsorption and secretion in the distal tubule
7.20: Reabsorption and secretion in the collecting duct
7.21: Natriuretic hormones
7.22: Diuretics and fluid volume
References
Chapter 8: Blood pressure, hypertension, and exercise
Abstract
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Components of arterial blood pressure
8.3: Regulation of blood pressure
8.4: Hypertension
8.5: Pathogenesis of essential hypertension
8.6: Hypertension and exercise
References
Chapter 9: Cellular metabolism
Abstract
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Catabolic reactions
9.3: Anabolic reactions
9.4: Oxidation and reduction reactions
9.5: Hormonal regulation of metabolism
9.6: Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
9.7: Glycolysis
9.8: Fate of pyruvate
9.9: Anaerobic respiration
9.10: Aerobic respiration
9.11: Gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and glycogenesis
9.12: Digestion and absorption of proteins
9.13: Essential and nonessential amino acids
9.14: Regulation of protein metabolism
9.15: Deamination and transamination
9.16: Urea cycle
9.17: Nitrogen balance
References
Chapter 10: Lipid metabolism
Abstract
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Digestion overview
10.3: Fate of dietary fat
10.4: Triglycerides
10.5: Digestion and absorption of lipids
10.6: Types of lipoproteins
10.7: Lipoprotein metabolism
10.8: Lipolysis
10.9: Ketogenesis
10.10: Oxidation of ketones
10.11: Lipogenesis
10.12: Management of low blood cholesterol levels
References
Chapter 11: Obesity and liver disease
Abstract
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Anatomy of the liver
11.3: Blood supply to the liver
11.4: Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells
11.5: Production and circulation of bile
11.6: Functions of the liver
11.7: Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease)
11.8: Alcoholic fatty liver disease
11.9: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
11.10: Cirrhosis (fibrosis)
11.11: Portal hypertension
References
Chapter 12: Endocrine pancreas
Abstract
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Cells and secretions of the pancreatic islets
12.3: Glucose transporters
12.4: Regulation of blood glucose levels by glucagon and insulin
12.5: Mechanism of insulin secretion
12.6: Normal glucose homeostasis
12.7: Normal insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle and liver
References
Chapter 13: Diabetes mellitus
Abstract
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
13.3: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
13.4: Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
13.5: Acute consequences of diabetes mellitus
13.6: Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
13.7: Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
References
Index

Chaya Gopalan

Dr. Chaya Gopalan received her bachelor's and master’s degrees from Bangalore University, India and Ph.D. from the University of Glasgow, Scotland for her research on opioid peptides in the regulation of the release of luteinizing hormone. She continued her work on galanin and other neuropeptides as a postdoctoral research fellow at Michigan State University. Dr. Gopalan wanted to follow her passion for teaching. It started as an adjunct position at Maryville University in St. Louis which led to tenure-track positions at St. Louis Community College and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, and now at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE). She has been teaching in the areas of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology at both graduate and undergraduate levels for health professional programs. Dr. Gopalan has been practicing evidence-based teaching using team-based learning, case-based learning, and most recently, the flipped classroom methods. Besides her passion for teaching, Dr. Gopalan has kept up with lab research in neuroendocrine physiology. Currently, she is working on two research projects, one on the role of gonadal steroid hormones in the sexual dimorphism of the brain and the other study is on obesity, intermittent fasting, and physical and mental exhaustion. Dr. Gopalan has received many teaching awards including the Arthur C. Guyton Educator of the Year award from the American Physiological Society (APS), Outstanding Two-Year College Teaching award by the National Association of Biology Teachers and Excellence in Undergraduate Education award by SIUE. She has also received several grants including an NSF-IUSE, an NSF-STEM Talent Expansion Program, and the APS Teaching Career Enhancement awards. Besides teaching and research, Dr. Gopalan enjoys mentoring not only her students but also her peers. She regularly conducts workshops and participates in panel discussions related to higher education. Dr. Gopalan is very active in the teaching section of the APS and has served on many committees. She has published numerous manuscripts and case studies and contributed to several textbook chapters and question banks for textbooks and board exams.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Physiology, Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Department of Nurse Anesthesiology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Erik Kirk

Dr. Kirk has research and clinical experience in the areas of exercise, metabolism, and obesity. He is the director and founder of the Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Weight Management Clinic (www.siue.edu/wmc). Dr. Kirk has over 30 national peer reviewed publications in obesity related journals and has presented over the past 20 years at national conferences that include The Obesity Society (TOS), American Diabetes Association (ADA), the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA). Dr. Kirk is a Certified Clinical Exercise Specialist® (CES) through the American College of Sports Medicine, and a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialists and Certified Personal Trainer through the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Dr. Kirk teaches courses in Advanced Exercise Physiology, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Biology of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, and Pathophysiology and Treatment of Obesity.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA

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