Biofuel Cells

1. Biofuel cells: from nature to energy

1.1 Mechanism

1.2 The role of biological catalyst

1.2.1 biological catalyst from bioanode

1.2.2 biological catalyst from biocathode

1.3 Sources from the nature

1.4 Application perspective


2. Microbial fuel cells

2.1 Principles of Microbial Fuel Cells

2.2 Electrochemically Active Microbes

2.2.1 Anode species

2.2.2 Cathode species

2.3 Extracellular Electron Transfer

2.3.1 Direct Extracellular Electron Transfer

2.3.2 Indirect Extracellular Electron Transfer

2.4 Materials and configurations of MFCs

2.4.1 Anode materials

2.4.2 Cathode materials

2.4.3 Membrane materials

2.4.4 Configurations of MFCs

2.5 Applications of MFC in Wastewater Treatment

2.5.1 Removal of COD

2.5.2 Nitrogen Treatment

2.5.3 Sulfur Treatment

2.5.4 Heavy Metals Treatment

2.5.5 Emerging Contaminants treatment


3. Biological catalyst evolution of enzymatic biofuel cells

3.1 Natural enzyme3.1.1 Oxidoreductases

3.1.2 Enzymes for cascade reactions

3.1.3 Electron transfer pathway in natural enzymes

3.2 Enzyme engineering for biocatalyst

3.2.1 Bioengineering strategies

3.2.2 Engineering towards electrocatalytic activity

3.2.3 Engineering towards substrate spectrum

3.2.4 Engineering towards robustness

3.2.5 De novo enzyme design for bioelectrocatalysis

3.3 Nanozymatic biocatalyst

3.3.1 Nanozymes vs. natural enzymes

3.3.2 Nanozymes for anodic electrocatalysis

3.3.3 Nanozymes for cathodic electrocatalysis


4. Electron transfer in enzymatic biofuel cells

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Enzyme immobilization

4.3 Mediated electron transfer

4.4 Direct electron transfer

4.5 Typical examples of enzymes in biofuel cells

4.6 Summary and outlook


5. Hybrid biofuel cells

5.1 Photo-enzyme biofuel cells

5.1.1 The configuration of hybrid photo-biofuel cells

5.1.2 The application for photo-biofuel cells

5.1.3 Engineering Architectures for photo-biofuel cells

5.2 Thermal energy

5.3 Triboelectric energy


6. Advanced manufacture of biofuel cells

6.1 Printed biofuel cells

6.1.1 Introduction

6.1.2 Printing methodology

6.1.3 Printing bio-devices

6.1.4 Summary and outlook

6.2 microfluidic biofuel cells

6.2.1 Introduction

6.2.2 microfluidics methodology

6.2.3 microfluidics bio-devices

6.2.4 Summary and outlook

6.3 Others

6.3.1 Fiber biofuel cells

6.3.2 Microneedle biofuel cells

6.3.3 Others

6.3.4 Summary and outlook


7. Applications for biofuel cells

7.1 Self-powered biosensors

7.2 Wearable bioelectronics

7.2.1 Sources for the wearable bioelectronics

7.2.2 Assembly strategy for wearable bioelectronics

7.2.3 State of wearable bioelectronics.

7.3 Implantable bioelectronics

7.3.1 Sources for the implantable bioelectronics

7.3.2 Assembly strategy for implantable bioelectronics

7.3.3 State of implantable bioelectronics.

7.4 Capacitive biofuel cells

7.4.1 Introduction and fabrication methodology

7.4.2 The application of capacitive biofuel cells

7.4.3 Summary and outlook

7.5 Industry power generation

7.5.1 Sources for the industry biofuel cells

7.5.2 Power output state of industry biofuel cell