Bio-organic Amendments for Heavy Metal Remediation

Water, Soil and Plant Approaches and Technologies

1st Edition - July 23, 2024
Editors: Allah Ditta, Sajid Mehmood, Muhammad Imtiaz, Mike S Tu
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 6 1 0 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 6 1 1 - 4

Bio-organic Amendments for Heavy Metal Remediation: Water, Soil and Plant Approaches and Technologies focuses on these core continuum media to explore remediation options using… Read more

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Bio-organic Amendments for Heavy Metal Remediation: Water, Soil and Plant Approaches and Technologies focuses on these core continuum media to explore remediation options using microbial, organic, and combined approaches. This volume in the Plant Biology, Sustainability and Climate Change series offers a comprehensive view of techniques and approaches for addressing contamination by heavy metals. It provides a comprehensive view of the challenge, with a focus on the bioremediation of heavy metals contamination using ecotechnological approaches for protecting the soil, water, and plant continuum.

As anthropogenic activities increasingly negatively impact natural resources, there has been significant disturbance of the water, soil, and plant continuum due to the accumulation of heavy metals. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the food chain could pose life-threatening effects on plants as well as humans, and there is need to find effective and sustainable remediation options. The application of bio-organic amendments could serve as a sustainable solution to this problem.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Part I. Clean up of heavy metals using ecotechnologies: 1 – Water environment
Chapter 1. Heavy metals contamination of waters worldwide and their perspectives for remediation through ecotechnologies
1. Introduction
2. Sources of contamination of waters by heavy metals
3. Extent of metal contamination water worldwide
4. Heavy metals toxicity
5. Ecotechnologies for remediation of heavy metals contaminated water
6. Mechanism involved in the mitigation of heavy metals contaminated water
7. Current and future challenges for contaminated water treatment through sustainable eco-technologies
Chapter 2. Factors affecting the remediation of wastewater worldwide through eco-technologies
1. Introduction
2. Sources of water pollution
3. Types of pollutants in different wastewater
4. Wastewater contaminants and their concentrations from different industries
5. Factors affecting remediation of water by eco-technologies
6. Eco-technologies for wastewater treatment management
7. Conclusions
Chapter 3. Advancements in microalgal bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated water: Potential challenges and prospects
1. Introduction
2. Sources/causes of heavy metals in water
3. Numerous microalgae potential in heavy metals remediation
4. Removal of heavy metals from waste water using microalgae
5. Mechanism and influencing factor microalgae bioremediation
6. Advantages of heavy metal waste water bioremediation
7. Application of microalgae in the bioremediation of heavy metals in water
8. Recent advanced approaches of heavy metal bioremediation using microalgae
9. Proposed perspective of heavy metals polluted water bioremediation based on microalgae
10. Conclusion
Chapter 4. Bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated industrial effluents by endophytes and their mechanisms
1. Introduction
2. Industrial effluents and their environmental problems
3. Bioprospecting endophytes and their tolerance to heavy metals: Current research
4. Endophyte-assisted phytoremediation
5. Bioremediation and mechanism by endophyte-assisted phytoremediation
6. Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 5. Algae and seaweed biomass for bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater
1. Introduction
2. Heavy metals pollutants in wastewater
3. Biosorption of heavy metal ions on algae (seaweed) biomass
4. Recovery/recycling of exhausted algae (seaweed) biomass
5. Application of algae (seaweed) biomass in bioremediation of heavy metals-contaminated wastewater
6. Conclusions
Chapter 6. The potential of aquatic micro- and macrophytes for an efficient bioremediation of heavy metals and radionuclides from wastewater
1. Introduction
2. Various aquatic micro- and macrophytes, algae, and phytoplankton
3. Heavy metals and radioactive substances from anthropogenic sources in wastewater
4. Mechanisms used by aquatic macrophytes and algae to remove pollutants from wastewater
5. Heavy metal removal from various wastewater sources
6. Removal of carcinogenic radioisotopes from different wastewater sources
7. Present trends and prospective implications
8. Conclusions
Chapter 7. Biowaste biochar as a green technology for adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Adsorption and types of adsorbents
4. Biowaste and its sources
5. Characteristics of biowaste
6. Biochar and its production
7. Adsorption characteristics of biowaste biochar
8. Biomass
9. Residence time
10. Surface functional groups
11. Ash and carbon content
12. pH
13. Dosage of adsorbent
14. Temperature
15. Wastewater treatment
16. Biochar for wastewater treatment
17. Biochar mechanism of adsorption
18. Electrostatic attraction
19. Complexation
20. Precipitation
21. Ion/cation-exchange capacity
22. Surface adsorption
23. Environmental and economic benefits of biowaste biochar in wastewater treatment
24. Adsorption technology and sustainable development of resources
25. Green technologies for wastewater treatment
26. Biowaste in a circular economy
27. Environmental concern of biowaste biochar
28. Conclusions and future work
Conflict of interest
Chapter 8. Phycoremediation of heavy metals in wastewater: Insights into algal-based resource recovery and circular bioeconomy
1. Introduction
2. Bioprospecting microalgal strains for heavy metal remediation
3. Heavy metal phycoremediation efficiency of microalgae
4. Integrated heavy metal removal and valuable bio-products from microalgae
5. Economic and environmental assessment of algal heavy metal bioremediation
6. Challenges and future perspectives
7. Concluding remarks
Chapter 9. Remediation of heavy metals contaminated wastewaters through microbes: Recent progress and future prospects
1. Introduction
2. Different types of microorganisms used in bioremediation
3. Mechanism of bioremediation by microorganism
4. Factors affecting bioremediation
5. Future prospects
6. Conclusions
Chapter 10. Biosurfactants and biomass treatment technologies for heavy metals in wastewater
1. Introduction
2. Mechanisms of bioremediation by biosurfactants
3. Characteristics and selection of suitable biosurfactants for heavy and toxic chemical removal
4. Role of biomass in bioremediation of heavy metals and toxic chemicals
5. Combination of biosurfactants and biomass treatment for enhanced bioremediation
6. Challenges and limitations of bioremediation by biosurfactants and biomass treatment
7. Conclusions and future directions
Chapter 11. Removal of elements of agricultural importance from wastewater by biochar and its subsequent use in agricultural crop production
1. Introduction—The problem of bio-waste and thermal methods of their management
2. Production of biochar from waste biomass by pyrolysis
3. Removal of fertilizing macroelements by biochar
4. Removal of fertilizing microelements by biochar
5. The mechanism of biosorption of elements of agricultural importance by biochar
6. Application of enriched biochar in agriculture
7. Conclusions
Chapter 12. Nano-bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated wastewater: A novel approach for environmental sustainability
1. Introduction
2. Impact of heavy metal contamination on water
3. Conventional remediation of heavy metals in wastewater
4. Nano-bioremediation
5. Nano bioremediation of synthetic compounds in the aquatic environment
6. Comparative effectiveness of nanomaterials and other conventional methods
7. Benefits and risks associated with nano-remediation of wastewater
8. Prospects of nano remediation
9. Conclusions
Chapter 13. Efficacious bioremediation of heavy metals and radionuclides from wastewater employing aquatic macro and microphytes
1. Introduction
2. Phytoremediation
3. Aquatic macrophytes
4. Aquatic microphytes
5. Heavy metals and radionuclides
6. Heavy metals aquatic phytoremediation
7. Radionuclides aquatic phytoremediation
Chapter 14. Farming for a cleaner future: Potential of agricultural waste for heavy metal removal from water
1. Introduction
2. Overview of heavy metal removal methods
3. Agricultural waste as a bio-adsorbent
4. Factors affecting biosorption
5. Adsorption isotherm
6. Adsorption kinetics
7. Regeneration
8. Cost analysis
9. Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 15. Eliminating heavy metals from water with phyto-fabricated nanoparticles: A clean and effective solution
1. Introduction
2. Phyto-fabrication of nanoparticles
3. Application in heavy metal removal
4. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of heavy metals removal
5. Advantages and limitations of heavy metal removal using phyto-fabricated nanoparticles
6. Conclusions and prospects
Chapter 16. Toxicity and bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated tannery wastewater
1. Introduction
2. Factor affecting microbial remediation of HMs in soil
3. Factors regulate metals accumulation
4. Impacts of heavy metals on microbes
5. Chromium and its interaction with microbes
6. Techniques for heavy metal detoxification
7. Bioremediation capacity of heavy metals in microorganisms
8. Conclusion
Chapter 17. Potential use of yeast in heavy metals eradication from the contaminated wastewater: A sustainable approach
1. Introduction
Chapter 18. Bioreduction and biosorption of chromium: Unveiling the role of bacteria
1. Introduction
2. Sources of chromium pollution
3. Ecotoxicology of hexavalent chromium
4. Microbial remediation of Cr (VI)
5. Conclusions and future perspectives
Part II. Clean up of heavy metals using ecotechnologies: 2 – Soil environment
Chapter 19. Heavy metals contamination of world soils and their perspectives for remediation through ecotechnologies
1. Introduction to the challenge of soil pollution by heavy metals in the world
2. Sources of natural and anthropogenic pollution of the world’s soils with heavy metals
3. Analysis of factors influencing the choice of eco-technology for soil remediation
4. Overview of ecotechnologies for sustainable remediation of heavy metals from soils
5. Recommendations for implementation
Acknowledgments
Chapter 20. Heavy metals resistant PGPRs as environmental cleaner of oil-contaminated soils
1. Introduction
2. Oil-contaminated soils and their impact on crop productivity
3. Remediation strategies for petroleum-contaminated soil remediation
4. Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils
5. Factors affecting bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils
6. HMs-resistant PGPRs and bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils
7. Conclusions
Chapter 21. A comprehensive evaluation of microbes mediated remediation of heavy metals contaminated sediments
1. Introduction
2. Sources of heavy metals in sediments
3. Bioremediation approaches of heavy metals in contaminated sediments
4. Influential factors for microbial remediation of heavy metals in sediments
Chapter 22. Bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils using cyanobacteria
1. Introduction
2. Environmental and health implications by HMs
3. Habitat and occurrence of cyanobacteria
4. Importance of cyanobacteria for soil nutrition, health, and quality
5. HMs tolerance by cyanobacteria
6. Cyanobacterial bioremediation of HMs in soil
7. Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 23. Biosurfactant for the remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils
1. Introduction
2. Heavy metal toxicity
3. Synthetic/chemical surfactants
4. Biosurfactants: A green alternative to chemical surfactants
5. Biosurfactants producing microbes
6. Classification of biosurfactants
7. Properties of biosurfactants
8. Mechanisms underlying biosurfactant–heavy metal interactions in bioremediation
9. Biodeconomics of metal remediation using biosurfactants
10. Conclusion and future perspective
Chapter 24. Rhizoremediation: A promising plant-microbiome interaction for the management of heavy metals polluted soils
1. Introduction
2. Heavy metals, their soil pollution, and their effects on the ecosystem
3. Remediation strategies for HMs-polluted soils
4. Conclusions
Chapter 25. Bioremediation strategies for soil contaminated with heavy metal ions
1. Introduction
2. Heavy metals of primary concern
3. Migration route and associated geochemistry
4. Ecological bioavailability
5. Heavy metal distribution and geological accumulation
6. Diagnosis of heavy metal hazard
7. Bioremediation measures for different contaminants
8. Conclusions
Chapter 26. Uranium contamination and its bioremediation strategies in soil-plant system
1. Introduction
2. Sources of uranium
3. Exploration
4. Speciation
5. Uranium speciation in plants and its uptake in plant systems
6. Potential U hyperaccumulator plants
7. Toxicity
8. Bioremediation strategies in soil-plant system
9. Conclusion and future prospective
Chapter 27. Policy and regulatory aspects for the remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils from different countries
1. Introduction
2. Global status of heavy metal contaminated soils
3. Concentration ranges and regulatory standards of heavy metals in soil
4. Approaches for heavy metals remediation of contaminated soil
5. Case studies of heavy metal remediation of contaminated soils
6. Policies and regulatory frameworks for heavy metal remediation of contaminated soils
7. Conclusions and future prospective
Chapter 28. Remediation approaches for heavy metals contaminated soils
1. Introduction
2. Sources of heavy metal in soil
3. Impacts on agricultural produce
4. Remediation approaches
5. Conclusions
Chapter 29. Nickel contamination, toxicity, tolerance, and remediation approaches in terrestrial biota
1. Introduction
2. Significance and essentiality of Ni in plants
3. Significance and essentiality of Ni for microbes
4. Essentiality and toxicity of Ni on human beings
5. Ni toxicity in plants
6. Uptake of Ni in plants
7. Ni toxicity in microbes
8. Resistance mechanism in microbes
9. Bioaccumulation of Ni in the food chain
10. Ni bioremediation approach
11. Conclusions
Chapter 30. Soil amendments as promising strategies for phytomanagement of Cd contaminated soils
1. Introduction
2. Organic amendments
3. Inorganic amendments
4. Conclusions
Chapter 31. Bioremediation of heavy metals: Promising strategies for enhancing crop growth and productivity
1. Introduction
2. Plant responses to heavy metals
3. Bioremediation using sustainable strategies
4. Other methods for enhancing phytoremediation potential
5. Conclusion
Chapter 32. Bioremediation of cadmium in soil by co-application microbial and biochar/compost
1. Introduction
2. Toxicity of Cd on human health and plans
3. Main sources of Cd exposure to humans
4. Resources cause to Cd contaminated soil
5. Situation of polluted Cd in agriculture soils
6. Dynamic of Cd in soil
7. Dynamic of Cd accumulation in plans in contaminated soil
8. Properties of biochar from rice husk and straw compost
9. Bioremediation with biochar and compost from rice straw
10. Influence of biochar and compost in bioremediation on Cd in contaminated soils
11. Effect of amendments (straw compost/biochar from rice husk) on Cd in soil, vegetables and rice
12. Conclusions
Chapter 33. Improving hyperaccumulator plant traits for the optimized remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils
1. Introduction
2. Mechanisms and applications of phytoremediation in contaminated soil
3. Hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation in heavy metal polluted soil
4. Plant response and the mechanism of heavy metal accumulation in plants
5. Important traits for hyperaccumulator plants
6. Improving hyperaccumulator plant performances: recent research advances
7. Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 34. Bioremediation of heavy metals in soil by rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture and food security
1. Introduction
2. Relationships among soil pollution, sustainable agriculture, and food security
3. Does climate change induce heavy metal accumulation?
4. How do heavy metals enter the food chain through plants
5. Heavy metal-induced toxicity in plants
6. Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plants
7. Mechanisms of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in fixing heavy metals
8. Other genetically modified plant-associated soil microbes for removing heavy metals
9. Is it possible to achieve sustainable agriculture and food security through rhizobacterial bioremediation?
10. Conclusions
Author contribution
Chapter 35. Health and environmental hazards of radioactive pollutant (uranium) and its bioremediation strategies
1. Introduction
2. Properties of uranium
3. Sources of uranium
4. Environmental impacts of uranium
5. Health impacts resulting from uranium exposure
6. Remedial measures and mechanism/interaction involved in bioremediation
7. Chelating agents in uranium toxic treatment
8. Conclusions
9. Future prospects
Chapter 36. Bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils using nanotechnology
1. Introduction
2. Heavy metal toxicity in soil and plants
3. Nanoparticle (NPs) definition
4. Role of NPs in bioremediation
5. Mechanisms responsible for nano-remediation of HMs contaminated soils
6. Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 37. Factors affecting the remediation of soil through ecotechnologies
1. Introduction
2. Types of soil pollutants
3. Sources of soil pollutants
4. Factors affecting soil remediation by ecotechnologies
5. Environmental aspects
6. Soil properties
7. Contaminant characteristics
8. Plant selection
9. Maintenance and management
10. Ecotechnologies for soil remediation
11. Conclusions
Chapter 38. Bioremediation of metal(loid) contaminated soils using organic amendments
1. Introduction
2. Metal(loid)s
3. Role of bioremediation on metal-polluted soil
4. Organic additions for the enhancement of bioremediation in polluted soils
5. Mechanisms for enhancing metal(loid) bioremediation using organic amendments
6. Importance of organic fertilizers in the reduction of toxic metals
7. Conclusions
Chapter 39. Current sources, fate, toxicity, governing factors, and remediation strategies for petrogenic hydrocarbons removal
1. Introduction
2. Classifications and characteristics of petrogenic hydrocarbons
3. Sources of petrogenic hydrocarbons
4. Environmental fate and transport of petrogenic hydrocarbons
5. Toxicity of petrogenic hydrocarbons
6. Remediation strategies for the removal of petrogenic hydrocarbons
7. Factors influencing the removal/degradation of petrogenic hydrocarbons
8. Conclusions and way forward
Chapter 40. Arbuscular mycorrhizal remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils
1. Introduction
2. Heavy metals in contaminated soil
3. Options for remediation of HMs contaminated soils
4. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
5. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant-heavy metal stress tolerance
6. Fungal bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils
7. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in bioremediation of heavy metals
8. Mycorrhizoremediation of heavy metals—a novel AMF-assisted phytoremediation tool
9. Conclusions and future prospects
Chapter 41. Plant-microbe remediation technologies for the removal of heavy metals and radionuclides from contaminated soils
1. Introduction
2. Phytoremediation techniques in heavy metals bioremediation from the soil environment
3. Microbial techniques in heavy metals bioremediation from the soil environment
4. The use of plant–microbe interactions in heavy metals phytoremediation techniques bioremediation from the soil environment
5. Conclusions and future prospects
Index

Allah Ditta

Allah Ditta is an Assistant Professor at Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. He earned his BSc (Hons) MSc (Hons) from University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan and received his Ph.D. from Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. He has carried out research projects in the areas of Eco-restoration by using integrated organic, inorganic and microbial strategies. He has also served as Assistant Professor at Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. His major research interests encompass broad, interdisciplinary field of plant production, with a focus on eco-restoration under abiotic stresses. The breadth of his research spans from degraded land ecological amelioration, using integrated and sustainable approaches. Dr. Ditta has published more than 85 research and review articles (Impact factor 210.43) in internationally well-recognized journals along with thirteen book chapters.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Karachi, Pakistan

Sajid Mehmood

Dr. Sajid Mehmood completed his BSc (Hons.) in Agriculture from Arid Agricultural University of Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and his MSc (Hons.) in Soil Science and graduated in 2014. In 2015, he moved to Wuhan, China and finished his Ph.D. at the College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, examining the different types of risk, management strategies and efficiency at crop level using biochar, slag and ferrous manganese ore. He is currently a postdoctoral fellow at Hainan University in the Department of Ecology and Environment. He has research experience on as-is and modified (magnetic and acidic) biochars. Dr. Sajid worked as a research associate in a project of National Natural Science Foundation of China. Dr. Sajid has been on the Editorial board and the panel of reviewers of several reputed journals of Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer Nature, RSC, Oxford University Press, The Royal Society, CSIRO, PLOS and John Wiley & Sons.

Affiliations and expertise

Key Laboratory, Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation, Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China

Muhammad Imtiaz

Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz is a Senior Scientist at Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and also as Associate Professor at School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou (Guangdong), P.R. China focusing on the fate of heavy metals stress in the soil environment, and in plants as well as on their remediation approached for the sustainable agriculture. Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz has research and teaching experience and has published research in various well reputed scientific impact factor journals. He has participated in many national and international conferences and seminars, and presented his research there. Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz has been working as Section Editor of "Journal of Environment and Agriculture (JEA) since 2017.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Scientist, Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Mike S Tu

Dr. Shuxin Tu is Professor in Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Director of Experimental Teaching Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. Dr Tu received his BS degree and MS degree of Soil and Plant Nutrition and Ph.D. degree of Biophysics. He was a trainee of soil sciences in 1986 in International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Philippines, and was a postdoctoral researcher of microelement biogeochemistry at the University of Florida, USA. His research interest includes biogeochemistry of trace metals in soil-water-plant ecosystem and silicone modified materials and its use in remediation of polluted environment.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China Director, Experimental Teaching Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China

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Bio-organic Amendments for Heavy Metal Remediation

Water, Soil and Plant Approaches and Technologies

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Allah Ditta

Sajid Mehmood

Muhammad Imtiaz

Mike S Tu