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Berne & Levy Physiology
- 7th Edition
- Authors: Bruce M. Koeppen, Bruce A. Stanton
- Language: English
Berne & Levy Physiology has long been respected for its scientifically rigorous approach – one that leads to an in-depth understanding of the body’s dynamic processes. The lo… Read more
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Berne & Levy Physiology has long been respected for its scientifically rigorous approach – one that leads to an in-depth understanding of the body’s dynamic processes. The long-awaited 7th Edition by Drs. Bruce M. Koeppen and Bruce A. Stanton, continues this tradition of excellence. With integrated coverage of biophysics and neurophysiology, key experimental observations and examples, and full-color design and artwork, this mid-size text is "just right" for a strong understanding of this complex field.
- An organ system-based approach clearly describes all of the mechanisms that control and regulate bodily function.
- Key experimental observations and examples provide a rich understanding of the body's dynamic processes.
- Student Consult access allows you to view the complete contents of the book online, anywhere you go, perform quick searches, tap into relevant bonus content from other Student Consult titles, test your understanding with USMLE-style review questions, add your own notes and bookmarks, and much more.
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- Cover image
- Table of Contents
- Front Matter
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Section Authors
- Board of Reviewers
- Preface
- Section 1: Cellular Physiology
- 1: Principles of Cell and Membrane Function
- Overview of Eukaryotic Cells
- Vesicular Transport
- Electrochemical Gradient
- Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 2: Homeostasis: Volume and Composition of Body Fluid Compartments
- Concept of Steady-State Balance
- Volumes and Composition of Body Fluid Compartments
- Maintenance of Cellular Homeostasis
- Principles of Epithelial Transport
- Key Concepts
- Additional Readings
- 3: Signal Transduction, Membrane Receptors, Second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression
- Cell-to-Cell Communication
- Receptors
- Receptors and Signal Transduction Pathways
- Regulation of Gene Expression by Signal Transduction Pathways
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- Section 2: The Nervous System
- 4: The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems
- Cellular Components of the Nervous System
- The Peripheral Nervous System
- The Central Nervous System
- Nervous Tissue Reactions to Injury
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 5: Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials
- Membrane Potentials
- Suprathreshold Response: The Action Potential
- Conduction of Action Potentials
- Key Concepts
- Additional Readings
- 6: Synaptic Transmission
- Electrical Synapses
- Chemical Synapses
- Synaptic Integration
- Modulation of Synaptic Activity
- Neurotransmitters
- Neurotransmitter Receptors
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 7: The Somatosensory System
- Subdivisions of the Somatosensory System
- Discriminatory Touch and Proprioception
- Thalamic and Cortical Somatosensory Areas
- Pain and Temperature Sensation
- Transduction in the Somatosensory System
- Centrifugal Control of Somatosensation
- Key Concepts
- Additional Readings
- 8: The Special Senses
- The Visual System
- The Auditory and Vestibular Systems
- The Chemical Senses
- Key Points
- Additional Reading
- 9: Organization of Motor Function
- Principles of Spinal Cord Organization
- Descending Motor Pathways
- Brainstem Control of Posture and Movement
- Motor Control by the Cerebral Cortex
- Motor Control by the Cerebellum
- Motor Control by the Basal Ganglia
- Eye Movement
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 10: Integrative Functions of the Nervous System
- The Cerebral Cortex
- Key Points
- Additional Reading
- 11: The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control
- Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Autonomic Ganglia
- Neurotransmitters
- Central Control of Autonomic Function
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- Section 3: Muscle
- 12: Skeletal Muscle Physiology
- Skeletal Muscle Physiology
- Organization of Skeletal Muscle
- Control of Skeletal Muscle Activity
- Skeletal Muscle Types
- Modulation of the Force of Contraction
- Modulation of Force by Reflex Arcs
- Skeletal Muscle Tone
- Energy Sources During Contraction
- Oxygen Debt
- Fatigue
- Growth and Development
- Denervation, Reinnervation, and Cross-Innervation
- Response to Exercise
- Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
- Biophysical Properties of Skeletal Muscle
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 13: Cardiac Muscle
- Basic Organization of Cardiac Muscle Cells
- Control of Cardiac Muscle Activity
- Regulation of the Force of Contraction
- Cardiac Muscle Metabolism
- Cardiac Muscle Hypertrophy
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 14: Smooth Muscle
- Overview of Smooth Muscle
- Structure of Smooth Muscle Cells
- Control of Smooth Muscle Activity
- Innervation of Smooth Muscle
- Regulation of Contraction
- Regulation of Myoplasmic Calcium Concentration
- Development and Hypertrophy
- Synthetic and Secretory Functions
- Biophysical Properties of Smooth Muscle
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- Section 4: The Cardiovascular System
- 15: Overview of Circulation
- The Heart
- The Cardiovascular Circuit
- Blood Vessels
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 16: Elements of Cardiac Function
- Electrical Properties of the Heart
- Conduction in Cardiac Fibers
- Cardiac Excitability
- Effects of Cycle Length
- Natural Excitation of the Heart and the Electrocardiogram
- Electrocardiography
- Arrhythmias
- The Cardiac Pump
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 17: Properties of the Vasculature
- Hemodynamics
- The Arterial System
- The Venous System
- Microcirculation and Lymphatic System
- Coronary Circulation
- Cutaneous Circulation
- Skeletal Muscle Circulation
- Cerebral Circulation
- Intestinal Circulation
- Hepatic Circulation
- Fetal Circulation
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 18: Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature
- Regulation of Heart Rate and Myocardial Performance
- Nervous Control of the Heart Rate
- Regulation of Myocardial Performance
- Regulation of the Peripheral Circulation
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 19: Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System
- Regulation of Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure
- Vascular Function Curve
- Relating the Cardiac Function Curve to the Vascular Function Curve
- A More Complete Theoretical Model: The Two-Pump System
- Role of the Heart Rate in Control of Cardiac Output
- Ancillary Factors That Affect the Venous System and Cardiac Output
- Interplay of Central and Peripheral Factors in Control of the Circulation
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- Section 5: The Respiratory System
- 20: Introduction to the Respiratory System
- Lung Anatomical Structure/Function Relationships
- Circulatory Systems in the Lung
- Innervation
- Lung Embryology, Development, Aging, and Repair
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 21: Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics
- Pressures in the Respiratory System
- How a Pressure Gradient Is Created
- Lung Volumes and Their Measurement
- Measurement of Lung Volumes
- Determinants of Lung Volume
- Pressure-Volume Relationships
- Lung Compliance
- Surface Tension and Surfactant
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 22: Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics
- Dynamic Lung Mechanics
- Work of Breathing
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 23: Ventilation, Perfusion, and Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
- Ventilation
- Dead Space Ventilation: Anatomical and Physiological
- Alveolar Ventilation
- Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
- Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow
- Active Regulation of Blood Flow
- Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
- Arterial Blood Hypoxemia, Hypoxia, and Hypercarbia
- Low Ventilation/Perfusion
- Alveolar Hypoventilation
- Diffusion Abnormalities
- Mechanisms of Hypercapnia
- Effect of 100% Oxygen on Arterial Blood Gas Abnormalities
- Regional Differences
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 24: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Gas Diffusion
- Oxygen Transport
- Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Concentration and Acid-Base Balance
- Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 25: Control of Respiration
- Ventilatory Control: An Overview
- Response to Carbon Dioxide
- Control of Ventilation: The Details
- Exercise
- Abnormalities in the Control of Breathing
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 26: Nonphysiological Functions of the Lung: Host Defense and Metabolism
- Host Defense
- Mucosal Immune System: Adaptive and Innate Immunity
- Epithelial Cells and Commensal Microbiota Protect the Lumen of the Airways
- Clinical Manifestations Associated With Abnormalities in Mucosal Innate and Adaptive Immunity
- Metabolic Functions of the Lung
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- Section 6: Gastrointestinal Physiology
- 27: Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Functional Anatomy
- Regulatory Mechanisms in the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Response of the GI Tract to a Meal
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 28: The Cephalic, Oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal
- Cephalic and Oral Phases
- Esophageal Phase
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 29: The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal
- Functional Anatomy of the Stomach
- Gastric Secretion
- Digestion in the Stomach
- Gastrointestinal Motility
- Gastric Motility
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 30: The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal
- Gastric Emptying in the Small Intestinal Phase
- Carbohydrate Assimilation
- Protein Assimilation
- Uptake of Peptides and Amino Acids
- Lipid Assimilation
- Water and Electrolyte Secretion and Absorption
- Absorption of Minerals and Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Motor Patterns of the Small Intestine
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 31: The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal
- Overview of the Large Intestine
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 32: Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver
- Overview of the Liver and Its Functions
- Structural Features of the Liver and Biliary System
- Bile Formation and Secretion
- Ammonia Handling by the Liver
- Clinical Assessment of Liver Function
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- Section 7: The Renal System
- 33: Elements of Renal Function
- Overview of Renal Function
- Functional Anatomy of the Kidneys
- Assessment of Renal Function
- Glomerular Filtration
- Renal Blood Flow
- Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 34: Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function
- Solute and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron
- Regulation of NaCl and Water Reabsorption
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 35: Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume
- Control of Body Fluid Osmolality: Urine Concentration and Dilution
- Control of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Regulation of Renal NaCl Excretion
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 36: Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis
- K+ Homeostasis
- Regulation of Plasma [K+]
- Alterations in Plasma [K+]
- K+ Excretion by the Kidneys
- Cellular Mechanism of K+ Secretion by Principal Cells and Intercalated Cells
- Regulation of K+ Secretion by the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct
- Factors That Perturb K+ Excretion
- Overview of Calcium and Inorganic Phosphate Homeostasis
- Integrative Review of Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitriol on Ca++ and Pi Homeostasis
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 37: Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
- The HCO3− Buffer System
- Overview of Acid-Base Balance
- Net Acid Excretion by the Kidneys
- Response to Acid-Base Disorders
- Simple Acid-Base Disorders
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- Section 8: The Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
- 38: Introduction to the Endocrine System
- Configuration of Feedback Loops Within the Endocrine System
- Chemical Nature of Hormones
- Transport of Hormones in the Circulation
- Cellular Responses to Hormones
- Key Points
- Additional Readings
- 39: Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism
- Continual Energy Supply and Demand: The Challenge
- Integrated Overview of Energy Metabolism
- Pancreatic Hormones Involved in Metabolic Homeostasis During Different Metabolic Phases
- Hormonal Regulation of Specific Metabolic Reactions and Pathways
- Leptin and Energy Balance
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 40: Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism
- Crucial Roles of Calcium and Phosphate in Cellular Physiology
- Physiological Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Parathyroid Hormone and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
- Regulation of [Ca++] and [Pi] by Small Intestine and Bone
- Physiology of Bone
- Integrated Physiological Regulation of Ca++/Pi Metabolism
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 41: The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
- Anatomy
- The Neurohypophysis
- The Adenohypophysis
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 42: The Thyroid Gland
- Anatomy and Histology of the Thyroid Gland
- Production of Thyroid Hormones
- Transport and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones
- Regulation of Thyroid Function
- Physiological Effects of Thyroid Hormone
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 43: The Adrenal Gland
- Anatomy
- Adrenal Medulla
- Adrenal Cortex
- Key Concepts
- Additional Reading
- 44: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
- The Male Reproductive System
- The Female Reproductive System
- Additional Reading
- Index
- Language: English
- Edition: 7
- Published:
- Imprint: Elsevier
BK
Bruce M. Koeppen
Bruce Koeppen, founding dean of the Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac, recently received two prestigious awards: honored by the Patient is U Foundation - a nonprofit that aims to encourage human communication in health care and support both patients and providers and the (LCME) Liaison Committee on Medical Education’s 2019 Distinguished Service Award.
Affiliations and expertise
Dean, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, ConnecticutBS
Bruce A. Stanton
Bruce Stanton received the Unsung Hero Award in 2019 from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. He played a key role in the development of Vertex modulators and is connected with sparking the creation of a Patient Registry which has had an enormous impact on the length and quality of lives in CF patients.
Affiliations and expertise
Andrew C. Vail Professor, Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Director of the Lung Biology Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire