Ayurvedic Herbal Preparations in Neurological Disorders

1st Edition - August 7, 2023
Editors: Murali Muralidhara, Padmanabhan S. Rajini
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 0 8 4 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 3 9 6 - 9

Ayurvedic Herbal Preparations in Neurological Disorders provides a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic potential of many ayurvedic herbal preparati… Read more

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Ayurvedic Herbal Preparations in Neurological Disorders provides a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic potential of many ayurvedic herbal preparations in disease management. Examining research data for evidence-based ayurvedic approaches, this volume begins with a focused introduction to major ayurvedic plants, discussing various mechanisms underlying their neuromodulatory potential in preclinical and clinical settings. Major subsets of ayurvedic plants are discussed, including Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera, and others. This volume outlines the importance of integrative approaches along with existing treatments in the intervention/management of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depressive mood disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and more.

More than a mere compilation of studies, this volume identifies relevant gaps for future research avenues and encourages interdisciplinary collaboration and sharing of knowledge to together identify the most efficacious ayurvedic approaches. Highlighting recent developments (e.g., Ayurgenomics, Ayurahar) and other pertinent research for neuroprotection, this book is crucial for anyone researching or working in the field of neurological disorder treatment and prevention.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter One. Ayurveda: Ayurvedic herbs against neurological disorders: are they golden nuggets?
1. Introduction
2. Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD)
3. Ayurveda and neurological disorders
4. Renaissance of Ayurvedic research in terms of modern medicine
5. Neurological disorders (ND)—Ayurveda
6. Ayurvedic herbs in neurological disorders
7. Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter Two. Overview of approaches in ayurveda for neurological health and disorders
1. Introduction
2. Summary
3. Future prospects
Chapter Three. Therapeutic efficacy of ayurvedic polyherbal formulations (PHF): Interactive mechanisms and broad-spectrum activities against neurological disorders
1. Introduction
2. Polyherbalism in Ayurveda
3. Ayurvedic PHF and healthcare
4. Types of PHF advocated in neurological disorders
5. Newer approaches to understanding molecular mechanisms of PHF
6. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter Four. Insights into the neuroprotective strategies to alleviate neurodegenerative conditions: Role of Ayurvedic herbs and their bioactives
1. Introduction
2. Neurodegenerative diseases
3. Major Ayurvedic herbs
4. Guduchi
5. Mandukaparni
6. Brahmi
7. Yastimadhu
8. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Chapter Five. Multiple broad spectrum Neuromodulatory effects of Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica: mechanistic considerations
1. Introduction
2. Bacopa monnieri (L.) (BM)
3. Clinical Trials and efficacy of BM
4. Safety of BM and its constituents
5. Centella asiatica
6. Clinical trials of CA
7. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter Six. Exploring the neuro-ameliorative propensity of Withania somnifera—Indian ginseng
1. Introduction
2. Withania somnifera and healthcare
3. Neuroprotective propensity of Withania somnifera
4. Clinical trials with WS—Neuro
5. Safety of ashwagandha
6. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter Seven. Acorus calamus in neurological disorders: a detailed overview
1. Introduction
2. Role of A. calamus in pain
3. Role of Acorus calamus in depression
4. Role of Acorus calamus in memory deficits
5. Role of A. calamus in seizures
6. Role of A. calamus in stress
7. Role of A. calamus in anxiety
8. Role of A. calamus in stroke
9. Role of A. calamus in Parkinson disease
10. Conclusions
Chapter Eight. Synaptic and mitochondrial alterations in traumatic brain injury (TBI): neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals and herbal products
1. Tissue level and cellular mechanisms underlying TBI
2. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in TBI
3. Glutamate excitotoxicity
4. Synaptic alterations in TBI
5. Therapeutic strategies to counter injury pathways in TBI
6. Role of phytochemicals as therapeutics in TBI
Chapter Nine. Dietary regulation of miRNAs involved in neurodegenerative diseases: role of nutraceuticals/Ayurvedic herbals
1. Introduction
2. MiRNA dysregulation in the brain
3. Dietary regulation of miRNAs that are involved in NDs
4. Conclusions
Chapter Ten. Propensity of ayurvedic herbs as potential modulators of gut microbiome (GM): implications in neurological disorders
1. Introduction
2. Diet, ayurveda, and gut microbiome (GM)
3. GM and neurological disorders
4. Ayurvedic herbal preparations (AHP) and gut microbiome
5. Evidence of GM alterations in neurological disorders
6. GM modulation by other bioactives and its relevance in NDD
7. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter Eleven. Genetic modulators of neurodegenerative diseases and their amelioration by natural products
1. Introduction
2. Current approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
3. Overview of natural products in NDs
4. The genetic aspects of major neurodegenerative diseases
5. Specific natural products and their genetic targets
6. Natural products and ayurvedic medicinal plants as potential therapeutic agents for NDs
7. Conclusion
Chapter Twelve. Therapeutic propensity and pharmacological Action of herbal extract in Parkinson's Disease
1. Introduction
2. Herbal medicines explored in PD
3. Pharmacological action of herbs on PD models
4. Herbal formulations in Parkinson's disease
5. Conclusion and future aspects
Chapter Thirteen. Phytochemicals for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: medicine of the future or a mirage?
1. Introduction
2. What makes the brain vulnerable?
3. Molecular mechanisms in Parkinson disease (PD): a representative paradigm
4. Current therapeutic approaches
5. Molecular targets of phytochemicals
6. Biotransformation of dietary polyphenols
7. Challenges for development of polyphenol-based therapeutics
8. Conclusion
Chapter Fourteen. Ayurvedic herbs–derived cognitive enhancers for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD)
1. Introduction
2. AD—An overview
3. Ayurvedic understanding of AD
4. Cognitive enhancers—Ayurvedic herbs derived
5. Major Ayurvedic herbs and their potential in the management of AD
6. Recent approaches with Ayurvedic herbs
7. Yoga and Ayurveda practices: A synergistic approach
8. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter Fifteen. Role of ayurvedic herbs in the management of major depressive disorders (MDD)
1. Introduction
2. Prevalence of MDD: India and global scenario
3. Mechanisms of MDD: general mechanism—speculated scheme
4. Can Ayurveda play a role in MDD?
5. Recent understanding of depression: ayurveda, depression, and gut microbiome
6. Intervention and management of MDD
7. Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter Sixteen. Mass spectrometry–based approaches for the identification of molecular mechanism of action of ayurvedic medicines in Parkinson disease
1. Introduction
2. Integrated multiomics technology to decipher neurodegeneration and confer neuroprotection
3. Proteomics
4. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs)
5. Metabolomics and metabonomics
6. Targeted proteomics/metabolomics
7. Conclusion
Chapter Seventeen. Insights into the efficacy of Drosophila as a predictive preclinical model to understand the mechanism of neuroprotection of ayurvedic herbals
1. Introduction
Chapter Eighteen. Parkinson's Disease models of Caenorhabditis elegans to study mechanism of action of Ayurvedic nootropics
1. Introduction
2. Parkinson's disease: an age-related neurodegenerative disease
3. Strategies and models employed to elucidate mechanism/s underlying neurodegenerative disease
4. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism
5. Modeling PD in C. elegans
6. Limitations of C. elegans models for PD research
7. Concluding remarks
8. Future prospects
Chapter Nineteen. Utilization of zebrafish as a preclinical model for obtaining insights into molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective role of ayurvedic herbal preparations
1. Introduction
2. Zebrafish as an animal model
3. Zebrafish as a model to study neurodegenerative diseases (NDD)
4. Zebrafish as a model for Alzheimer's disease
5. Zebrafish as a model for Parkinson's disease
6. Zebrafish as a model for Huntington's disease
7. Zebrafish as a model for epilepsy
8. Ayurvedic herbal preparations (AHP) studied in zebrafish
9. Future prospects
Chapter Twenty. Indian spices and their bioactives in neurological disorders
1. Introduction
2. Spices and their active components
3. Health benefits imparted by spices: Mechanism/s involved
4. Spices and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD)
5. Commonly consumed spices and their role in NDD
6. Conclusions
Chapter Twenty One. Ayurveda herbs and herbal preparations in the management of neurological disorders
1. Introduction
2. Physiological role of vāta
3. Pathogenesis of neurological disorders in ayurveda
4. Management of neurological disorders in ayurveda
Chapter Twenty Two. Yoga as a therapeutic intervention for the management of neurodegenerative disorders
1. Introduction
2. Neurodegenerative diseases and related complications
3. Available therapeutics for neurological disorders
4. Drawbacks of available therapeutics
5. Physical activity for management of neurodegenerative diseases
6. Yoga practices for neurodegenerative disease prevention and management
7. Yoga for slow progression of neurodegeneration
8. Limitations of practicing yoga
Chapter Twenty Three. Nanotechnology-enabled phytochemicals from Ayurvedic herbs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders: an overview
1. Introduction
2. Neurodegenerative disorders—a global public health menace
3. Treatment paradigm for NDs
4. Phytochemicals from Ayurvedic herbs for ND treatment
5. Nanotechnology in ND treatment
6. Nano-enabled Ayurvedic strategies for ND treatment
7. Future perspectives of nano-enabled strategies on ND treatment
8. Conclusion
Chapter Twenty Four. Neuroprotective potential of plant-based bioactive polysaccharides: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advances
1. Introduction
2. Polysaccharides
3. Conclusion and future perspective
Chapter Twenty Five. Ayurvedic science and herbaceuticals in neurological disorders: An overview of the current scenario; challenges and future perspectives
1. Introduction
2. Current scenario—Ayurvedic medicine
3. Needs and challenges in the area of Ayurveda medicine
4. Major issues that need serious introspection/positive follow-up action
5. Challenges for ayurvedic practitioners in general and in the area of NDD
6. Conclusion and future perspectives
Glossary
Index

Murali Muralidhara

Dr. Muralidhara is Chief Scientist and former Head of the Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition at CSIR (Central Food Technological Research Institute). Having mentored 15 Doctoral candidates and 25 Master’s students, he has published 12 book chapters and 96 papers in peer-reviewed journals. A toxicologist by training, he has extensive research experience in the area of neurotoxicology with special reference to the neuromodulatory effects of Ayurvedic herbal plants, spice active principles, and nutraceuticals in cell models, Drosophila, and rodent models to understand underlyin molecular, biochemical, and oxidative stress mechanisms. He has worked primarily with three Ayurvedic plants (Bacopa monneri, Centella asiatica and Withania sominfera) in various preclinical models. His research has also looked at the modulatory potential of selected Ayurvedic herbal plants under experimentally induced hyperglycemic state in pregnant rats, and the protective effects of pro/prebiotics against toxicant-induced neuropathological conditions

Affiliations and expertise

Chief scientist (Retd), Dept of Biochemistry, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India

Padmanabhan S. Rajini

Dr. Rajini is Senior Principal Scientist at CSIR (Central Food Technological Research Institute). She has pioneered in the area of pesticide toxicology, amelioration of toxicity by dietary components, and developed small animal models (C. elegans and Drosophila) for studying mechanistic toxicology. Her research focus has been the identification of novel food/plant-based components for prophylactic and ameliorative strategies to combat xenobiotic toxicity and ensuing disease progression. Her studies have addressed causes and probable mitigation of hyperglycemia, neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease in particular), hypertension, and gastrointestinal disorders. Dr. Rajini has mentored 14 Doctoral candidates and 15 Master’s students and has published 5 book chapters and 64 papers in peer reviewed journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Principal Scientist (Retd), Dept of Food Protectants & Infestation, Control, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India