
Autophagy in Health and Disease
- 2nd Edition - September 22, 2021
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editors: Beverly Rothermel, Abhinav Diwan
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 0 0 3 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 0 0 4 - 7
Autophagy in Health and Disease, Second Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the process of autophagy and its impact on human physiology and pathophysiology. It expand… Read more

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Request a sales quoteAutophagy in Health and Disease, Second Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the process of autophagy and its impact on human physiology and pathophysiology. It expands on the scope of the first edition by covering a wider range of cell types, developmental processes, and organ systems. The second edition is an international effort by investigators from 15 different countries whose many contributions are comprised in 28 chapters organized into six sections. The first section (Chapters 1-7) covers foundational concepts, including history, trajectory of the research field, mechanisms of autophagy, and autophagy regulation. The second section (Chapters 8-11) details developmental aspects, including stem cells, embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and paligenosis. The subsequent sections are devoted to the role of autophagy in specific organ systems involved in metabolic control and diabetes (Chapters 12-15), the cardiovascular system (Chapters 16-18), and the nervous system (Chapters 19-20). The final section (Chapters 21-28) addresses autophagy in other organ systems vital to human health and longevity. Also included are chapters on microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and the potential for autophagy as a therapeutic target.
Autophagy in Health and Disease is invaluable to anyone new to the field as well as established investigators looking for a broader understanding of autophagy from outside their specific field of study.
Autophagy in Health and Disease is invaluable to anyone new to the field as well as established investigators looking for a broader understanding of autophagy from outside their specific field of study.
- Provides a comprehensive overview of the process of autophagy and its impact on human physiology and pathology
- Offers extended coverage of the mechanisms that mediate autophagy
- Covers the role of autophagy in stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as the regenerative process of paligenosis
- Highlights important questions that remain to be addressed
Researchers, graduate students, and professionals studying autophagy across cell biology, biochemistry, medicine, and biomedical sciences
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- About the editors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Section I. Overview
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- A historical perspective
- Developing a tool kit
- An overview of mechanisms
- Introduction to the second edition
- Chapter 2. Mechanisms of autophagy: the machinery of macroautophagy and points of control
- Origin of the phagophore membrane
- Initiation of autophagosome biogenesis by the Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex
- PI3K complex activation and PI3P production at the phagophore assembly site
- Recruitment of PI3P-binding proteins to the phagophore assembly site
- Cycling of Atg9/ATG9 vesicles
- Phagophore expansion facilitated by ubiquitin-like conjugation systems
- Fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes/vacuoles
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 3. Regulation of autophagy—transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational mechanisms
- Introduction
- Posttranslational regulation of autophagy
- Transcriptional regulation of autophagy
- Epigenetic regulation of autophagy
- Translational regulation of autophagy
- Conclusions
- List of abbreviations
- Chapter 4. Selectivity and trafficking of autophagic cargoes
- Introducing autophagy—the machinery and the mechanism
- Selective autophagy and cargo selection
- Ubiquitin and cargo recognition
- Selectivity determinants
- ATG8 family (MAP1LC3A and GABARAP)
- The plausible role of membrane sources in selectivity
- Selective autophagy machinery and vesicular trafficking
- Conclusion
- Chapter 5. The role of lysosomes in autophagy
- Lysosome overview
- Lysosomes as metabolic sensors
- Environment-sensing machinery at lysosomes
- Cholesterol sensing and lysosomal machinery
- Glucose sensing at the lysosome
- GTPase Rheb, core for growth factor, and energy sensing at the lysosomal surface
- Lysosomes regulate autophagy initiation
- Lysosomes orchestrate their own biogenesis to drive autophagy
- Lysosomal distribution regulates autophagy
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 6. Methods for measuring autophagy
- Measuring changes in levels of autophagic proteins to assess activity
- Assessing cellular signaling cascades indicative of autophagic activation
- Special considerations and issues
- Using microscopy to measure autophagy
- Measuring autophagy in vivo
- Measuring organelle-specific autophagy
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 7. Effects of physiologic inputs on autophagy
- Autophagy during fasting
- Autophagy during aging
- Regulation of autophagy during exercise
- Circadian regulation of autophagy
- Sex differences in autophagy regulation
- Section II. Development
- Chapter 8. Autophagy in germ cells, stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells
- Introduction
- Autophagy during the formation of germ cells
- Autophagy in embryonic stem cells
- Autophagy in cell fate decisions and differentiation
- Autophagy in stem cell aging and senescence
- Chapter 9. Role of autophagy in embryogenesis
- Introduction
- Role of bulk autophagic degradation
- Mouse
- Role of autophagy in early embryonic development
- Mechanism of autophagy induction during preimplantation embryonic development
- Role of autophagy in fetal development
- Role of selective autophagic degradation
- Role of autophagy in gametogenesis
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 10. Autophagy in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis
- Introduction
- Conclusions
- Chapter 11. Autophagy in cell plasticity with particular focus on paligenosis
- Defining cell plasticity
- Autophagic induction and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in postinjury cell plasticity across diverse species
- Overview of paligenosis: a conserved mechanism of cell plasticity
- Component recycling and metabolic reprogramming to fuel regeneration
- Cell plasticity and autophagy in tissue maintenance and disease
- Conclusions
- Section III. Metabolic control and diabetes
- Chapter 12. Autophagy in the liver
- General liver anatomy and functions
- Physiological role of autophagy in the liver
- Hepatic autophagy in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Nonhepatocyte roles of autophagy in the liver
- Conclusion and future perspectives
- Chapter 13. Autophagy in adipose tissue
- Introduction
- Autophagy and adipose tissue development and maintenance
- Adipose autophagy in obesity and diabetes
- Adipose lysosomal function in obesity and diabetes
- Autophagy and lipodystrophy
- Chapter 14. Autophagy in the pancreas
- Introduction
- Autophagy in the exocrine pancreas
- Autophagy in the endocrine pancreas
- Conclusions
- List of abbreviations
- Chapter 15. Skeletal muscle
- Introduction
- Autophagy in skeletal muscle
- Exercise related autophagy
- Autophagy in skeletal muscle disease
- Conclusions and perspectives
- Section IV. Cardiovascular system
- Chapter 16. Autophagy in the cardiovascular system
- Introduction
- Autophagy in cardiac growth and repair
- Autophagy in cardiomyocyte homeostasis and aging
- Autophagy in myocardial infarction
- Autophagy in arrhythmia
- Autophagy in heart failure
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 17. Lungs
- Lungs
- Autophagy in lung health
- Autophagy in lung pathologies
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Lung cancer
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Interstitial lung diseases
- Autophagy in lung infection and inflammation
- Perspective
- Chapter 18. Autophagy in the vasculature
- Introduction
- Autophagy as a mechanism for maintaining vascular function
- The role of autophagy in atherosclerosis
- The role of autophagy in vascular calcification
- Autophagy in vascular aging: arterial stiffness and essential hypertension
- Conclusion
- Section V. The nervous system and neurodegeneration
- Chapter 19. Altered autophagy on the path to Parkinson's disease
- Introduction to Parkinson's disease
- Mitophagy and mitochondrial quality control in Parkinson's disease
- The function of Parkinson's disease–related proteins in macroautophagy
- Role of the lysosome biogenesis program in Parkinson's disease
- Role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in Parkinson's disease
- Synaptic autophagy and Parkinson's disease
- Future directions: targeting autophagy to treat Parkinson's disease
- Chapter 20. Autophagic processes in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease
- Introduction
- Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: a regulator of autophagy and mitophagy
- Impaired autophagy in Alzheimer's disease
- Promoting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease
- Future perspectives and concluding remarks
- Section VI. Homeostasis and disease in other organ systems
- Chapter 21. Autophagy as an integral immune system component
- Introduction
- Role of autophagy in cellular immunity in blood
- Role of autophagy in antigen processing and presentation
- Cross talk between autophagy and inflammatory signal transduction
- Role of autophagy in autoimmune diseases
- Xenophagy
- Summary
- List of abbreviations
- Chapter 22. Autophagy in the gastrointestinal system and cross talk with microbiota
- Introduction
- Role of autophagy in intestinal pathology
- Role of autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and barrier function
- Role of autophagy in antimicrobial defense
- Role of autophagy in innate immune signaling and inflammatory control
- Role of autophagy in adaptive immunity
- Cross talk between autophagy and intestinal microbiota
- Conclusion
- Chapter 23. Role of autophagy in building and maintaining the skeletal system
- Introduction
- Autophagy in osteoblasts
- Autophagy in osteocytes
- Autophagy in osteoclasts
- Autophagy in bone pathologies
- Conclusion
- Chapter 24. Autophagy on the road to longevity and aging
- General modes of the autophagy pathway
- Upstream signaling: mammalian target for rapamycin complex 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and transcription factor EB
- Signaling at the nucleation step: Unc-51-like kinase and vacuolar protein sorting 34 complexes
- Formation of autophagosomes during nonselective autophagy
- Formation of autophagosomes during selective autophagy
- Autophagosome delivery of cargo to the lysosome, a central metabolic hub
- Physiological functions of autophagy
- Physiological characteristics of aging
- Autophagy integration with all seven pillars of aging
- Exercise, caloric restriction, and fasting mimetics: the search for antiaging interventions that exploit autophagy
- Summary and future perspective
- Chapter 25. Autophagy in cancer: friend or foe?
- Introduction
- Autophagy in tumorigenesis: dual role of autophagy in cancer
- Mutations in autophagy genes in cancer
- Oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in autophagy regulation
- Genetically engineered mouse models of autophagy and cancer
- Targeting autophagy for cancer treatment
- Cancer and other types of autophagy
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 26. Mammalian microautophagy: mechanism and roles in disease
- Microautophagy in yeast
- Identification and mechanism of mammalian microautophagy
- Assessment of microautophagic activity in mammalian cells
- Relationships with other intracellular pathways
- Mammalian microautophagy in organelle homeostasis
- Physiological functions of mammalian microautophagy
- Role of microautophagy in disease
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 27. Chaperone-mediated autophagy—mechanisms and disease role
- Overview
- Chaperone-mediated autophagy
- Components and molecular mechanism of chaperone-mediated autophagy
- The role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in pathophysiological mechanisms
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 28. Targeting autophagy: lifestyle and pharmacological approaches
- Introduction
- The key stages of autophagy
- Health implications of modulating autophagy
- Concluding remarks
- List of abbreviations
- Index
- Edition: 2
- Published: September 22, 2021
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 454
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128220030
- eBook ISBN: 9780128220047
BR
Beverly Rothermel
Bev Rothermel, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX, with appointments in the Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Biology. Her laboratory was directly involved in some of the first studies demonstrating the dual nature of autophagy in the cardiovascular system. She has lectured on the role of autophagy in human disease for more than ten years as a component of the graduate school’s Integrative Biology program. Current studies in her lab seek to understand circadian regulation of cardiac mitophagy as well as identify the causes and consequences of suppressed autophagy in Down syndrome. Her research is supported by the National Institutes of Health’s INCLUDE Project, the Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Research Network, and the American Heart Association.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine | Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USAAD
Abhinav Diwan
Abhinav Diwan, MBBS, is a physician-scientist and a board-certified cardiologist, and directs a laboratory-based research program focused on basic and translational studies to therapeutically target the autophagy-lysosome pathway in human disease. He is Professor of Medicine, Cell Biology and Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA and Staff Physician at the John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Saint Louis. Studies from his laboratory have uncovered evidence for acquired lysosome dysfunction as a common cellular in cardiomyopathy and heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. Translational research from his program has established the autophagy-lysosome pathway as a viable therapeutic target, with activation of the lysosome biogenesis program as an exciting strategy in these conditions. He has also proven to be an outstanding mentor to the next generation of physician-scientists, an effort he leads as the program director of the Investigator Training Pathway in the Cardiovascular Division supported by a NIH T32 training grant.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medicine, Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, USA; and Staff Physician, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Saint Louis, Missouri, USARead Autophagy in Health and Disease on ScienceDirect