Atomic Theory and Structure of the Atom
Atomic and Nuclear Chemistry
- 1st Edition - October 22, 2013
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Author: T. A. H. Peacocke
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 4 5 4 9 - 5
Atomic and Nuclear Chemistry, Volume 1: Atomic Theory and Structure of the Atom presents the modern ideas of the atomic theory and atomic structure against the background of their… Read more
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Atomic and Nuclear Chemistry, Volume 1: Atomic Theory and Structure of the Atom presents the modern ideas of the atomic theory and atomic structure against the background of their historical development. Topics covered include the classification of elements; atoms and electrons; the wave mechanical model of the atom; and the determination of atomic weights. This volume is comprised of six chapters and begins by discussing the origin of the atomic theory, focusing on the role of John Dalton, Avogadro's hypothesis, and the introduction to the laws of chemical combination. The chapters that follow look at the work of the early scientists that led to the development of the periodic table of elements; the use of the Avogadro number to determine the actual masses of atoms and molecules; and the structure of the atom. The essential results of the simple wave mechanical treatment are summarized in the next chapter. This book concludes by considering developments in the determination of atomic weights. Some brief notes on the character and personality of the great scientists who are mentioned throughout the text are included. This book is intended for students and practitioners in the fields of chemistry and physics.
Foreword
Preface
1 Classical Atomic Theory
The Origin of the Atomic Theory
Dalton
The Controversy of Proust and Berthollet, Daltonide and Berthollide Compounds
The Laws of Chemical Combination and the Atomic Theory
Gay Lussac
Avogadro
Berzelius
Dumas
Cannizaro
2 The Classification of the Elements
Döbereiner and the Law of Triads
Newlands and the Law of
Octaves
The Periodic Law, Mendele'ef and Lothar Meyer
Comparison of "Ekasilicon" with Germanium
Atomic
Volume
Mendele'ef's Periodic Table
Discussion of the Main Features of the Table
Oxidation State
3 Atoms and Electrons
The Brownian Movement
The Conduction of Electricity through Gases
Cathode Rays and X-rays
Positive Rays
Thomson's Work on the Determination of e/m for Cathode Rays
e/m with a Transverse Magnetic Field Only
e/m with the Fine Beam Tube
The Mass of the Electron
Townsend's Determination of e
Millikan's Determination of e
The Measurement of Molecular and Atomic Radii: (i) the Van de Waals Equation, (ii) Langmuir's Work with Surface Films, (iii) X-ray Diffraction
The Determination of the Avogadro Number: (i) the Method of Rutherford and Geiger Using Radioactivity, (ii) Perrin's Method from the Brownian Movement, (iii) Millikan's Method Using the Value of e, (iv) the Method of Lattice Spacings
4 Atomic Structure
The Thomson Model
The Scattering of α-Particles by Gold Foil
Rutherford's Nuclear Model
Moseley's Work on the Measurement of X-ray Spectra
The Significance of Atomic Number
Optical Spectra
The Excitation of Spectra
Emission and Absorption Spectra
The Spectrum of Hydrogen
Spectral Series
Fine Structure
Black Body Radiation
Planck's Quantum Theory
Lenard's Observation of the Photoelectric Effect
Einstein's Postulate of the Photon
The Rutherford-Bohr Theory of the Atom
5 The Development of the Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom
Extension of the Böhr Theory
Electronic Structure of the Rutherford-Böhr-Sommerfeld Atom, Pauli's Exclusion Principle, Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels
Ionization Potentials
Ionization Energy Curves
Ionization Energies and Chemical Properties
Weaknesses of the Bohr-Sommerfeld Treatment
De Broglie's Theory of the Dual Nature of Matter
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
The Wave Mechanical Atom
Schrödinger's Theory and Born's Extension
6 The Determination of Atomic Weights
The Development of Standards of Atomic Weight
The Constancy of Atomic Weights
Physical Methods of Determining Atomic Weights, Vapor Density Methods
Limiting Density
The Determination of Atomicity
Reynault's Measurements of Gas Density
Whytlaw-Gray's Development of the Buoyancy Balance
Ramsay and Whytlaw-Gray's Determination of the Atomic Weight of Radon
Thomson's Work on Positive Ray Analysis
Aston's Development of the Mass Spectrograph
Mass Spectrometers
Aston's Packing Fraction
Nuclear Binding Energy
Chemical Methods of Determining Atomic Weights
Dumas's Analysis of Water
Morley's Analysis of Water
Stas's Determination of Atomic Weights
Richards's Determination of Atomic Weights
Appendix 1 To Determine the Potential Energy of an Electron in a Given Orbit of Radius r
Appendix 2 The Measurement of Lattice Spacing
Miscellaneous Questions
Answers to Numerical Questions
The Elements Arranged in Alphabetical Order of their Chemical Symbol
Periodic Table of the Elements
Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 22, 2013
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Language: English
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