Atomic and Molecular Processes

Contents

Contributors

Preface


1. Forbidden Transitions


1. Introduction


2. Forbidden Lines in Atomic Spectra


3. Forbidden Transitions In Diatomic Molecular Spectra


4. Forbidden Transitions in Polyatomic Molecular Spectra


5. Forbidden Transitions in Crystals


6. Forbidden Transitions in Astrophysics

References


2. Allowed Transitions


1. Introduction


2. Basic Concepts and Formulae


3. Calculations of Atomic Line Strengths


4. Theory of Molecular Line Strengths


5. Measurements of Atomic Transition Probabilities


6. Measurements of Molecular Transition Probabilities

References


3. Photoionization Processes


1. Introduction


2. Experimental


3. Theoretical


4. Results

References


4. Photodetachment


1. Introduction


2. Negative Ion Energy States


3. Theoretical Considerations


4. Experimental Method for Photodetachment Studies


5. The H~ Photodetachment Cross Section


6. Photodetachment Cross Sections for 0‾,S‾, and C‾


7. Photodetachment of Negative Molecular Ions


8. Formation of Negative Ions by Radiative Attachment


9. Atomic Electron Affinities

References


5. High-Temperature Shock Waves


1. Introduction


2. Hydrodynamic Considerations


3. Plane Shock Waves


4. High-Energy Cylindrical Shock Waves


5. Establishment of Equilibrium Plasmas


6. Experimental Vérification of the Rankine-Hugoniot Relations in Conventional Shock Tubes


7. Shock-Heated Plasmas as Thermal Light Sources

References


6. Attachment and Ionization Coefficients


1. Electron Attachment


2. Ionization Coefficients


3. Attachment Coefficients

References


7. Electronic Recombination


1. Collisional-Radiative Recombination


2. Recombination Involving a Free-Bound Radiationless Transition


3. Experimental Studies

References


8. Ionic Recombination


1. Three Body


2. Two Body

References


9. Elastic Scattering of Electrons


1. Scattering by a Potential Field


2. Measurement of Collision Cross Sections


3. Scattering by Hydrogen Atoms


4. Scattering by Complex Atoms and Ions


5. Scattering by Molecules

References


10. The Motions of Slow Electrons in Gases


1. Introduction


2. Theory of Motion of Ions and Electrons in Gases


3. Diffusion and Drift


4. Equation of Continuity


5. Mean Loss of Energy in Elastic Encounters


6. The Distribution Function f(c)


7. The Ratio W/D


8. Measurement of Mean Energy Lost in an Encounter


9. Experimental Procedure


10. Experimental Results


11. The Losses of Energy by Electrons in Colliding with Gas Molecules

References


11. The Theory of Excitation and Ionization by Electron Impact


1. Classical Theory


2. General Quantum Theory


3. Partial Wave Theory


4. Calculated and Measured Cross Sections


5. Collisional Excitation Treated as a Radiative Process

Appendix

References


12. The Measurement of Collisional Excitation and Ionization Cross Sections


1. Introduction


2. Electron Impact Studies


3. Ion Impact Studies


4. Neutral Impact Studies


5. Electron-Ion Collisions

References


13. Spectral Line Broadening in Plasmas


1. Introduction


2. Basic Considerations


3. The Impact Approximation


4. Applications of the Impact Approximation to Broadening by Electrons


5. Corrections to the Impact Approximation


6. Broadening by Ions


7. Comparison with Experiment

References


14. Theoretical Treatment of Collisions between Atomic Systems


1. First Born Approximation


2. Higher Approximations


3. Slow Collisions

References


15. Range and Energy Loss


1. Energy Loss of Charged Particles


2. Range of Charged Particles


3. Ionization by Charged Particles


4. Energy Loss of Electrons


5. Range of Electrons


6. Ionization by Electrons

References


16. Diffusion and Mobilities

Introduction


1. Diffusion


2. Mobilities

References


17. High-Energy Elastic Scattering of Atoms, Molecules, and Ions


1. Introduction


2. Scope of Present Survey


3. Classical Scattering Approximation


4. Elementary Description of Scattering Measurements


5. Experimental Methods


6. Elementary Classical Theory of Scattering


7. Analysis of Experiments


8. Summary of Experimental Results


9. Comparison of Scattering Results with Other Data


10. Summary

References


18. Charge Transfer and Collisional Detachment


1. Introduction


2. Collision Chamber Techniques


3. Mass Analysis Problems


4. Symmetrical Resonance Charge Transfer


5. Charge Transfer Reactions between Unlike Systems


6. Crossovers


7. Negative Ions and Collisional Detachment

References


19. Electron Capture and Loss at High Energies


1. Introduction


2. General References aad Previous Collections of Data


3. Mathematical Description of Charge Changing Probabilities; Notation


4. Experimental Equipment and Methods


5. Results on Hydrogen Beams


6. Results on Helium Beams


7. Results on Lithium Beams


8. Results on Boron Atomic and Ionic Beams; The Average Ionic Charge


9. Results on Carbon Beams


10. Results on Nitrogen Beams


11. Results on Oxygen Beams


12. Results on Atomic and Ionic Beams of the Halogens


13. Results on Neon Beams


14. Results on Argon Beams


15. Results on Krypton and Xenon Beams


16. Charge Changing Collisions of Fission Fragments

References


20. Relaxation In Gases


1. The Nature of The Relaxation Process


2. Phenomena Associated with Relaxation


3. Rotational Relaxation


4. Vibrational Relaxation In Pure Gases


5. Vibrational Relaxation In Gas Mixtures

References


21. Chemical Processes


1. Categorization of Reaction Rates


2. Measurement of Reaction Rates in Gases


3. Theory of Reaction Rates in Gases

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Species of Atom or Molecule

General