Aquaculture Virology

In 2018, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) approved significant changes leading to a comprehensive taxonomic scheme, allowing the global organization of the virus world (also known as virus megataxonomy). Aquaculture Virology, Second Edition updates the current knowledge on aquatic animal viruses so that all virus families (including those with many newly discovered aquatic animal viruses and those with previously unclassified aquatic animal viruses that have been now assigned) are available under one cover, increasing the number of book chapters from 37 in the first edition to 44 chapters in the second edition. The aims, philosophy, target audience, focus, and format of this second edition of Aquaculture Virology remain unchanged. Like the first edition, this book is a systematic and concise resource useful to anyone involved with or looking to move into aquaculture and fisheries. Clinical veterinarians, aquaculture disease practitioners, biologists, farmers, and all those in industry, government, or academia interested in aquatic animal virology will find this book extremely useful.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Part I: General aspects
Chapter 1. Classification and identification of aquatic animal viruses
Abstract
Chapter outline
1.1 Viruses are entities at the edge of life
1.2 History of virus classification
1.3 Morphology and composition of animal viruses
1.4 Overview of virus replication
1.5 Current virus classification scheme
1.6 Classification of aquatic animal viruses of veterinary importance
1.7 The Baltimore classification of viruses
1.8 Identification of aquatic animal viruses of veterinary importance
References
Chapter 2. Diagnosis of aquatic animal viral diseases
Abstract
Chapter outline
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Principles of laboratory biosafety and biocontainment as apply to aquatic animal viruses
2.3 Quality assurance
2.4 Principles of proper collection, handling, storage, and submission of laboratory specimens for viral diagnosis
2.5 Necropsy, gross, and histopathology evaluation of fish
2.6 Necropsy, gross, and histopathology evaluation of crustaceans
2.7 Necropsy, gross, and histopathology evaluation of mollusks
2.8 Laboratory methods used in the detection, isolation, identification, and quantification of aquatic animal viruses
2.9 Laboratory methods used for demonstration of the presence of specific viral antibody (serology)
References
Chapter 3. General epidemiology of aquatic animal viral diseases
Abstract
Chapter outline
3.1 Some notes on this chapter
References
Chapter 4. Prevention and control of viral diseases in aquaculture
Abstract
Chapter outline
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Disease prevention and control using biosecurity measures
4.3 Selective breeding for disease resistance
4.4 Disease control by eradication
4.5 Disease prevention by vaccination
References
Chapter 5. Climate change and viral diseases in aquaculture
Abstract
Chapter outline
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Impact of increasing the aquatic environmental temperatures
5.3 Impact of acidification on the aquatic environment
5.4 Impact of changes in salinity
5.5 Impact of sea-level rise, changes in water currents, and extreme events
5.6 Impact of changes in dissolved oxygen concentration
5.7 Perspectives on climate change in the era of sustainable aquaculture
5.8 Conclusions
5.9 Future perspectives
References
Part II: DNA viruses of fish
Chapter 6. Poxviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Salmon gill poxvirus disease
6.3 Carp edema and Koi sleepy disease
6.4 Proliferative Branchitits in Ayu (Plecoglossus Altivelis) “Sweetfish”
References
Chapter 7. Iridoviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Structure and composition of iridoviruses
7.3 Specific main fish diseases
References
Chapter 8. Alloherpesviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Catfish alloherpesviruses
8.3 Carp alloherpesviruses
8.4 Eel alloherpesvirus
8.5 Sturgeon alloherpesviruses
8.6 Salmonid alloherpesviruses
8.7 Lates perch herpesvirus: lates calcarifer herpesvirus (LCHV), species: unclassified
8.8 Atlantic cod herpesvirus, species: unclassified
8.9 Alloherpesviruses that impact wild fish
8.10 Alloherpesvirus-derived endogenous viral elements
8.11 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9. Adenoviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Sturgeon wasting disease
References
Chapter 10. Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fish diseases
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11. Hepadnaviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Hepadnavirus virion properties
11.3 Genus Parahepadnavirus
11.4 Genus Metahepadnavirus
11.5 Unassigned fish hepadnaviruses
References
Chapter 12. Nackednaviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Virus characteristics
References
Chapter 13. Circoviruses of Fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Specific main fish disease
13.3 Structure and composition of the virus
13.4 Classification and virus replication
13.5 Epidemiology
13.6 Pathology and immunity
13.7 Diagnostic methods
13.8 Prevention and control
References
Chapter 14. Adomaviruses of aquatic organisms
Abstract
Chapter outline
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Virus characteristics
14.3 Guitarfish adomavirus
14.4 Micropterus adomaviruses
14.5 Japanese eel adomavirus (Japanese eel endothelial cell-infecting virus)
14.6 Marbled eel adomavirus
14.7 American eel adomavirus
References
Part III: RNA viruses of fish
Chapter 15. Retroviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Dermal sarcoma
15.3 Discrete epidermal hyperplasia
15.4 Swim bladder leiomyosarcoma
15.5 Plasmacytoid leukemia
15.6 Lymphosarcoma
15.7 Snakehead retrovirus
15.8 Zebrafish endogenous retrovirus
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16. Reoviruses in aquatic animals
Abstract
Chapter outline
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Genus Aquareovirus
16.3 Piscine orthoreovirus
16.4 Genus Cardoreovirus
16.5 Proposed genus Crabreovirus
16.6 Unassigned crustacean reoviruses
References
Chapter 17. Birnaviruses of aquatic organisms
Abstract
Chapter outline
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Viral properties of aquabirnaviruses
17.3 Clinical signs, pathology, and histopathology in susceptible host species
17.4 Epizootiology
17.5 Prevention and control
References
Chapter 18. Toti-like viruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Specific fish diseases
18.3 Structure and composition of virus
18.4 Classification and virus replication
18.5 Epidemiology
18.6 Pathology and immunity
18.7 Diagnostic methods
18.8 Prevention and control
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 19. Paramyxoviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Genetically characterized paramyxoviruses in fish
References
Chapter 20. Rhabdoviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
20.3 Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus
20.4 Spring viremia of carp virus
References
Chapter 21. Filoviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Virus characteristics
21.3 Genus Striavirus
21.4 Genus Thamnovirus
21.5 Genus Oblavirus
References
Chapter 22. Amnoonviruses and non-influenza orthomyxoviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Genus Isavirus
22.3 Genus Mykissvirus
22.4 Genus Sardinovirus
22.5 Genus Tilapinevirus
References
Chapter 23. Bunyaviruses of crustaceans, fish, molluscs, echinoderms, and seaweed
Abstract
Chapter outline
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Bunya-like viruses of crustaceans
23.3 Bunya-like viruses of fish
23.4 Bunya-like viruses of molluscs, echinoderms, and seaweed
References
Chapter 24. Nidoviruses of fish and crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Fish bafiniviruses
24.3 Fish oncotshaviruses
24.4 Trout granulomatous virus
24.5 Crustacean roniviruses
References
Chapter 25. Coronaviruses in aquatic organisms
Abstract
Chapter outline
25.1 Taxonomy
25.2 Virus structure
25.3 Coronaviruses in aquatic organisms
25.4 Final remarks
References
Chapter 26. Picornaviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Disease conditions
26.3 Virus characteristics
26.4 Epidemiology
26.5 Pathology and immunity
26.6 Conventional diagnostic methods
26.7 Molecular studies
26.8 Prevention and control
References
Chapter 27. Caliciviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Specific main fish diseases
27.3 Structure and composition of virus
27.4 Classification and virus replication
27.5 Epidemiology
27.6 Pathology and immunity
27.7 Diagnostic methods
27.8 Prevention and control
References
Chapter 28. Togaviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Pancreas disease and sleeping disease
28.3 Structure and composition of the virus
28.4 Classification and virus replication
28.5 Epidemiology
28.6 Pathology and immunity
28.7 Diagnostic methods
28.8 Prevention and control
References
Chapter 29. Hepeviruses of aquatic organisms
Abstract
Chapter outline
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Cutthroat trout virus (no associated disease observed)
29.3 Crustacea hepe-like virus 1
References
Chapter 30. Nodaviruses of fish
Abstract
Chapter outline
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Clinical signs and histopathology of fish with viral nervous necrosis
30.3 Classification and phylogenetic analysis of fish nodaviruses
30.4 Diagnosis
30.5 Nervous necrosis virus transmission and infection of fish
30.6 Nervous necrosis virus life cycle and cytopathogenesis
30.7 Nervous necrosis virus persistent infection
30.8 Control strategies
References
Part IV: DNA viruses of crustaceans
Chapter 31. Nimaviruses of crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
31.1 Introduction to the Nimaviridae
31.2 White spot syndrome virus
31.3 Additional members of the Nimaviridae family
References
Chapter 32. Nudiviruses of crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Virus classification
32.3 Structure and composition of virion
32.4 Genome structure
32.5 Mortality and morbidity
32.6 Gross symptoms
32.7 Histopathology and pathogenesis
32.8 Host range
32.9 Mode of spread
32.10 Prevention and control
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 33. Mininucleoviruses of crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Virus characteristics
33.3 Panulirus argus virus 1
33.4 Dikerogammarus haemobaphes virus 1
33.5 Carcinus maenas virus 1
References
Chapter 34. Circoviruses of crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Specific main crustacean diseases
References
Part V: RNA viruses of crustaceans
Chapter 35. Totiviruses of crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Infectious myonecrosis virus
References
Chapter 36. Togaviruses of crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Lymphoid organ vacuolization virus
36.3 Crustacean pathology
References
Chapter 37. Dicistroviruses of crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Taura syndrome virus characteristics
37.3 Taura syndrome virus disease
37.4 Mud crab dicistrovirus-l
37.5 Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu virus
References
Chapter 38. Nodaviruses of crustaceans
Abstract
Chapter outline
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Main crustacean diseases
References
Chapter 39. Nyamiviruses of crustaceans (crustaviruses)
Abstract
Chapter outline
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Virus characteristics
39.3 Disease
References
Part VI: DNA viruses of molluscs
Chapter 40. Iridolike viruses infecting marine mollusks
Abstract
Chapter outline
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Specific main mollusk diseases
40.3 Disease names
40.4 Structure and composition of virus
40.5 Classification and virus replication
40.6 Epidemiology and pathology
40.7 Diagnostic methods
40.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 41. Malacoherpesviruses of mollusks
Abstract
Chapter outline
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Structure, composition of virus, and classification
41.3 Virus replication and viral DNA/RNA/proteins detection
41.4 Epidemiology and virus ecology
41.5 Diagnostic methods
41.6 Prevention and control
References
Chapter 42. Papillomalike viruses and polyomalike viruses detected in marine mollusks
Abstract
Chapter outline
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Specific main mollusk diseases
References
Part VII: RNA viruses of molluscs
Chapter 43. Picornalike viruses detected in marine mollusks
Abstract
Chapter outline
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Specific main mollusks diseases
References
Part VIII: Other DNA and RNA viruses of aquatic organisms
Chapter 44. Other DNA and RNA viruses of aquatic animals
Abstract
Chapter outline
44.1 Introduction
44.2 Other DNA viruses of aquatic organisms
44.3 Other RNA viruses of aquatic organisms
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Aquaculture Virology

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Frederick S.B. Kibenge

Marcos G Godoy