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Aquaculture Pathophysiology

Volume II. Crustacean and Molluscan Diseases

1st Edition - August 25, 2022

Editors: Frederick S.B. Kibenge, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Roger Sie-Maen Chong

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 4 3 4 - 1

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 6 1 0 - 3

Aquaculture Pathophysiology, Volume II. Crustacean and Molluscan Diseases is a concise, practical reference on shellfish diseases of significant risk to aquaculture. Its value to… Read more

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Aquaculture Pathophysiology, Volume II. Crustacean and Molluscan Diseases is a concise, practical reference on shellfish diseases of significant risk to aquaculture. Its value to the veterinarian, fish health biologist or extensionist, fish pathologist and fish health diagnostician is its easy reach for critical information on the diagnosis and management of significant infectious and non-infectious diseases for the major temperate, subtropical and tropical shellfish species of commercial and fisheries importance. This volume should be read in partnership with volume one on finfish diseases as the principles and approach to the diagnosis and management of aquacultured animal species are similar.

This comprehensive resource is ideal for researchers, teachers, students, diagnostic laboratory scientists, aquaculture technicians, and farmers who need to be competent across both finfish and shellfish health issues.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Section I. Crustacean diseases
Chapter 1. Crustacean disease laboratory methods
1.1. Overview
1.2. Necropsy
1.3. Sampling for serology and gene probe assays
1.4. Histology
1.5. Gene probe and in-situ hybridization assays
1.6. ELISA assay
1.7. Molecular diagnostics
1.8. Electron microscopy
1.9. Assays for specific diseases
Chapter 2. Crustacean diseases terminology
2.1. Overview
Chapter 3. Crustacean immunology
3.1. Overview
3.2. Cell-mediated immunity
3.3. Hemolymph factors
3.4. Immune tissues
3.5. Pathogen recognition
3.6. Enzyme cascades
3.7. Signaling pathways
3.8. Apoptosis
3.9. Immune stimulation
3.10. Vaccination or immune priming
3.11. RNA interference
3.12. Immune-related genes and its functions
3.13. Immunostimulants in the crustacean immune system
3.14. Immune protein and nanotechnology
3.15. Research
Section II. Viral diseases
Chapter 4. Covert mortality disease
4.1. Overview
4.2. Etiological agent
4.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
4.4. Histopathology
4.5. Disease risk factors
4.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
4.7. Molecular diagnostics
4.8. Disease control
Chapter 5. Crab viral diseases
5.1. Overview
5.2. Etiological agents
5.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
5.4. Histopathology
5.5. Disease risk factors
5.6. Disease control
Chapter 6. Crayfish viral diseases
6.1. Overview
6.2. Aetiological agents
6.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
6.4. Histopathology
6.5. Disease risk factors and disease control
Chapter 7. Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus disease
7.1. Overview
7.2. Etiological agent
7.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
7.4. Histopathology
7.5. Disease risk factors
7.6. Molecular diagnostics
7.7. Immunodiagnostics
7.8. Disease control
Chapter 8. Infectious myonecrosis virus disease
8.1. Overview
8.2. Etiological agent
8.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
8.4. Histopathology
8.5. Disease risk factors
8.6. Clinical pathology
8.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
8.8. Immunodiagnostics
8.9. Molecular diagnostics
8.10. Disease control
Chapter 9. Lobster Panulirus argus virus 1 disease
9.1. Overview
9.2. Etiological agent
9.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
9.4. Histopathology
9.5. Disease risk factors
9.6. Clinical pathology
9.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
9.8. Molecular diagnostics
9.9. Disease control
Chapter 10. Monodon slow growth syndrome
10.1. Overview
10.2. Etiological agent
10.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
10.4. Histopathology
10.5. Disease risk factors
10.6. Clinical pathology
10.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
10.8. Molecular diagnostics
10.9. Disease control
Chapter 11. Spherical baculovirosis
11.1. Overview
11.2. Etiological agent
11.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
11.4. Histopathology
11.5. Disease risk factors
11.6. Clinical pathology
11.7. Immunodiagnostics
11.8. Molecular diagnostics
11.9. Disease control
Chapter 12. Shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus (decapod iridescent virus 1)
12.1. Overview
12.2. Etiological agent
12.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
12.4. Histopathology
12.5. Disease risk factors
12.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
12.7. Molecular diagnostics
12.8. Disease control
Chapter 13. Taura syndrome virus disease
13.1. Overview
13.2. Etiological agent
13.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
13.4. Histopathology
13.5. Disease risk factors
13.6. Clinical pathology
13.7. Immunodiagnostics
13.8. Pathogen isolation and identification
13.9. Molecular diagnostics
13.10. Disease control
Chapter 14. Tetrahedral baculovirosis
14.1. Overview
14.2. Etiological agent
14.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
14.4. Histopathology
14.5. Disease risk factors
14.6. Immunodiagnostics
14.7. Clinical pathology
14.8. Molecular diagnostics
14.9. Disease control
Chapter 15. White spot syndrome virus and disease
15.1. Overview
15.2. Etiological agent
15.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
15.4. Histopathology
15.5. Disease risk factors
15.6. Clinical pathology
15.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
15.8. Immunodiagnostics
15.9. Molecular diagnostics
15.10. Disease control
Chapter 16. White spot syndrome virus in wild mud crabs
16.1. Overview
16.2. Etiological agent
16.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
16.4. Histopathology
16.5. Clinical pathology
16.6. Disease risk factors
16.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
16.8. Immunodiagnostics
16.9. Molecular diagnostics
16.10. Disease control
Chapter 17. White tail disease
17.1. Overview
17.2. Etiological agent
17.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
17.4. Histopathology
17.5. Clinical pathology
17.6. Disease risk factors
17.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
17.8. Immunodiagnostics
17.9. Molecular diagnostics
17.10. Disease control
Chapter 18. Yellow head viruses and disease
18.1. Overview
18.2. Etiological agent
18.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
18.4. Histopathology
18.5. Immunodiagnostics
18.6. Molecular diagnostics
18.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
18.8. Disease risk factors
18.9. Disease control
Section III. Bacterial diseases
Chapter 19. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
19.1. Overview
19.2. Etiological agents
19.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
19.4. Histopathology
19.5. Disease risk factors
19.6. Clinical pathology
19.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
19.8. Immunodiagnostics
19.9. Molecular diagnostics
19.10. Disease control
Chapter 20. Crab larval luminescent vibriosis
20.1. Overview
20.2. Etiological agent
20.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
20.4. Disease risk factors
20.5. Clinical pathology
20.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
20.7. Disease control
Chapter 21. Chitinolytic shell disease
21.1. Overview
21.2. Etiological agents and pathogenesis
21.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
21.4. Histopathology
21.5. Disease risk factors
21.6. Clinical pathology
21.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
21.8. Disease control
Chapter 22. Lobster gaffkemia
22.1. Overview
22.2. Etiological agent
22.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
22.4. Histopathology
22.5. Disease risk factors
22.6. Clinical pathology
22.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
22.8. Immunodiagnostics
22.9. Molecular diagnostics
22.10. Disease control
Chapter 23. Mitten crab tremor disease
23.1. Overview
23.2. Etiological agent
23.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
23.4. Histopathology
23.5. Disease risk factors
23.6. Clinical pathology
23.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
23.8. Molecular diagnostics
23.9. Immunodiagnostics
23.10. Disease control
Chapter 24. Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis
24.1. Overview
24.2. Etiological agent
24.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
24.4. Histopathology
24.5. Disease risk factors
24.6. Clinical pathology
24.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
24.8. Molecular diagnostics
24.9. Disease control
Chapter 25. Shrimp mycobacteriosis
25.1. Overview
25.2. Etiological agent
25.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
25.4. Histopathology
25.5. Disease risk factors
25.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
25.7. Molecular diagnostics
25.8. Disease control
Chapter 26. Shrimp rickettsial disease
26.1. Overview
26.2. Etiological agent
26.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
26.4. Histopathology
26.5. Disease risk factors
26.6. Clinical pathology
26.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
26.8. Molecular diagnostics
26.9. Disease control
Chapter 27. Shrimp Vibriosis
27.1. Overview
27.2. Etiological agent
27.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
27.4. Histopathology
27.5. Host pathogen interactions
27.6. Disease risk factors
27.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
27.8. Disease control and prevention
Section IV. Parasitic diseases
Chapter 28. Bitter crab disease
28.1. Overview
28.2. Etiological agent
28.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
28.4. Histopathology
28.5. Disease risk factors
28.6. Clinical pathology
28.7. Pathogen culture and identification
28.8. Molecular diagnostics
28.9. Disease control
Chapter 29. Crab ciliate disease
29.1. Overview
29.2. Etiological agents
29.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
29.4. Histopathology
29.5. Clinical pathology
29.6. Disease risk factors
29.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
29.8. Molecular diagnostics
29.9. Disease control
Chapter 30. Gray crab disease
30.1. Overview
30.2. Etiological agent
30.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
30.4. Histopathology
30.5. Disease risk factors
30.6. Clinical pathology
30.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
30.8. Molecular diagnostics
30.9. Disease control
Chapter 31. Lobster bumper car disease
31.1. Overview
31.2. Etiological agent
31.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
31.4. Histopathology
31.5. Disease risk factors
31.6. Clinical pathology
31.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
31.8. Molecular and immunological diagnostics
31.9. Disease control
Chapter 32. Mud crab Octolasmis spp. infestation
32.1. Overview
32.2. Etiological agent
32.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
32.4. Histopathology
32.5. Disease risk factors
32.6. Pathogen identification and culture
32.7. Disease control
Chapter 33. Shrimp fouling organisms
33.1. Overview
33.2. Etiological agents
33.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
33.4. Histopathology
33.5. Disease risk factors
33.6. Clinical pathology
33.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
33.8. Disease control
Chapter 34. White feces syndrome
34.1. Overview
34.2. Etiological agents
34.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
34.4. Histopathology
34.5. Disease risk factors
34.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
34.7. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
34.8. Disease control
Chapter 35. Shrimp haplosporidiosis
35.1. Overview
35.2. Etiological agent
35.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
35.4. Histopathology
35.5. Clinical pathology
35.6. Disease risk factors
35.7. Molecular diagnostics
35.8. Disease control
Section V. Fungal diseases
Chapter 36. Cotton shrimp
36.1. Overview
36.2. Etiological agents
36.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
36.4. Histopathology
36.5. Disease risk factors
36.6. Clinical pathology
36.7. Molecular diagnostics
36.8. Disease control
Chapter 37. Crab Lagenidium spp. disease
37.1. Overview
37.2. Etiological agents
37.3. Clinical signs, gross and clinical pathology
37.4. Disease risk factors
37.5. Pathogen isolation and identification
37.6. Molecular diagnostics
37.7. Disease control
Chapter 38. Crayfish plague
38.1. Overview
38.2. Etiological agent
38.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
38.4. Histopathology
38.5. Disease risk factors
38.6. Clinical pathology
38.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
38.8. Molecular diagnostics
38.9. Disease control
Chapter 39. Crayfish microsporidiosis
39.1. Overview
39.2. Etiological agents
39.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
39.4. Histopathology
39.5. Disease risk factors
39.6. Clinical pathology
39.7. Molecular diagnostics
39.8. Disease control
Chapter 40. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei microsporidiosis
40.1. Overview
40.2. Etiological agent
40.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
40.4. Histopathology
40.5. Disease risk factors
40.6. Clinical pathology
40.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
40.8. Immunodiagnostics
40.9. Molecular diagnostics
40.10. Disease control
Chapter 41. Lobster haliphthoros disease
41.1. Overview
41.2. Etiological agent
41.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
41.4. Histopathology
41.5. Disease risk factors
41.6. Clinical pathology
41.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
41.8. Molecular diagnostics
41.9. Disease control
Chapter 42. Shrimp fusarium disease
42.1. Overview
42.2. Etiological agents
42.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
42.4. Histopathology
42.5. Disease risk factors
42.6. Clinical pathology
42.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
42.8. Molecular diagnostics
42.9. Disease control
Chapter 43. Shrimp larval mycosis
43.1. Overview
43.2. Etiological agents
43.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
43.4. Histopathology
43.5. Disease risk factors
43.6. Clinical pathology
43.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
43.8. Molecular diagnostics
43.9. Disease control
Section VI. Nutritional diseases
Chapter 44. Vitamin deficiencies in shrimp
44.1. Overview
44.2. Etiology/pathogenesis
44.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
44.4. Histopathology
44.5. Disease risk factors
44.6. Diagnostic tests
44.7. Disease control
Chapter 45. Soft shell and blue shell syndrome in shrimp
45.1. Overview
45.2. Etiology-pathogenesis
45.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
45.4. Histopathology
45.5. Disease risk factors
45.6. Diagnostic tests
45.7. Disease control
Chapter 46. Crab larval mortality and nutrition
46.1. Overview
46.2. Algae, artemia, rotifer, and formulated feeds
46.3. Larval development, nutrition, and endocrine regulation
Section VII. Environmental diseases
Chapter 47. Black gill disease in shrimp
47.1. Overview
47.2. Etiological agents and pathogenesis
47.3. Clinical signs, gross and histopathology
47.4. Disease control
Chapter 48. Endocrine disruption in crustacea
48.1. Overview
48.2. Endocrine-disrupting pathogeneses
48.3. Agrichemicals
48.4. Metals
48.5. Industrial organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and hormones
48.6. Summary
Chapter 49. Pollutant toxicoses—pesticides, heavy metals, industrial organic chemicals in crustacea
49.1. Overview
49.2. Pesticides
49.3. Heavy metals
49.4. Industrial organic chemicals
49.5. Ecological impact in contaminated sites on crustacea
Chapter 50. Crustacean shell diseases
50.1. Overview
50.2. Etiological agents and pathogenesis
50.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
50.4. Histopathology
50.5. Disease risk factors
50.6. Disease control
Chapter 51. Lobster epizootic shell disease
51.1. Overview
51.2. Etiological agents and pathogenesis
51.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
51.4. Histopathology
51.5. Disease risk factors
51.6. Clinical pathology
51.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
51.8. Molecular diagnostics
51.9. Disease control
Section VIII. Genetic and neoplastic diseases
Chapter 52. Abdominal segment deformity in shrimp
52.1. Overview
52.2. Etiological agent
52.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
52.4. Histopathology
52.5. Disease risk factors
52.6. Disease control
Chapter 53. Inbreeding of shrimp, crab, and lobsters
53.1. Overview
53.2. Measurements of inbreeding
53.3. Health impacts of inbreeding
53.4. Control of inbreeding
Chapter 54. Neoplasia in decapod crustacea
54.1. Overview
54.2. Shrimp neoplasia
54.3. Crab neoplasia
54.4. Lobster neoplasia
54.5. Disease risk factors
Section IX. Mollusk diseases
Chapter 55. Molluscan disease laboratory methods
55.1. Overview
55.2. Necropsy
55.3. Histopathology
55.4. Electron microscopy
55.5. Molecular and immunodiagnostics
55.6. Clinical pathology
55.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
55.8. Assays for specific diseases
Chapter 56. Molluscan diseases terminology
56.1. Overview
Chapter 57. Molluscan immunology
57.1. Overview
57.2. Shell defenses, nacre formation, and the mantle
57.3. Mucus defenses
57.4. Host–pathogen interaction
57.5. Pathogen recognition and immune signaling
57.6. Antimicrobial peptides, lysozymes, cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, acute phase proteins, and protease inhibitors
57.7. Hemocytes, hematopoiesis, phagocytosis, and diversification of immune receptors in oyster immune priming
57.8. Respiratory burst and nitrogen oxide production
57.9. Encapsulation
57.10. Maternal immune transfer
57.11. Apoptosis and autophagy
57.12. Neuroendocrine-immune regulation
57.13. Prophenoloxidase system
57.14. Immune function genes selection
Chapter 58. Molluscan diseases—pearl oyster diseases
58.1. Overview of pearling
58.2. Pearl oyster biology
58.3. Overview of pearl oyster diseases
58.4. Etiological agents
58.5. Gross pathology and clinical signs
58.6. Histopathology
58.7. Immune responses
58.8. Pathogen culture and isolation
58.9. Summary
Chapter 59. General pathology and diseases of abalone
59.1. General pathology of abalone
59.2. Physiological changes associated with environmental stressors
59.3. Diseases of abalone—opportunistic infectious diseases
59.4. Abalone diseases recognized as of international significance
59.5. Other pathogens of limited known distribution
59.6. Disseminated parasites with demonstrated pathology
59.7. Minor internal abalone parasites with minimal associated pathology, not common to other commercial mollusks
59.8. Minor parasites similar or common to those of other commercial mollusks
59.9. The pathology of shell invaders
Section X. Viral diseases
Chapter 60. Abalone herpesvirus
60.1. Overview
60.2. Characterization of the pathogen
60.3. Gross pathology and clinical signs
60.4. Histopathology
60.5. Molecular diagnostics
60.6. Disease control
Chapter 61. Diseases of viral origin in clams, mussels, and scallops
61.1. Overview
61.2. Etiological agents
61.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
61.4. Histopathology
61.5. Disease risk factors
61.6. Clinical pathology
61.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
61.8. Molecular diagnostics
61.9. Immunodiagnostics
61.10. Disease control
Chapter 62. Hemocytic infection virus disease (oysters)
62.1. Overview
62.2. Etiological agents
62.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
62.4. Histopathology
62.5. Disease risk factors
62.6. Disease control
Chapter 63. Ostreid herpesvirus disease
63.1. Overview
63.2. Etiological agent
63.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
63.4. Disease risk factors
63.5. Pathogen isolation and identification
63.6. Disease control
63.7. Conclusion
Chapter 64. Oyster velar virus disease
64.1. Overview
64.2. Etiological agent
64.3. Clinical signs
64.4. Histopathology
64.5. Disease risk factors
64.6. Clinical pathology
64.7. Disease control
Chapter 65. Viral gametocytic hypertrophy (oysters)
65.1. Overview
65.2. Etiological agents
65.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
65.4. Histopathology
65.5. Disease risk factors
65.6. Disease control
Section XI. Bacterial diseases
Chapter 66. Vibriosis in larval scallops
66.1. Overview
66.2. Etiological agents
66.3. Clinical signs
66.4. Histopathology
66.5. Disease risk factors
66.6. Clinical pathology
66.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
66.8. Molecular diagnostics
66.9. Disease control
Chapter 67. Nocardiosis in oysters
67.1. Overview
67.2. Etiological agent
67.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
67.4. Histopathology
67.5. Disease risk factors
67.6. Clinical pathology
67.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
67.8. Molecular diagnostics
67.9. Disease control
Chapter 68. Scallop infections by chlamydia-like and rickettsia-like organisms
68.1. Overview
68.2. Etiological agent
68.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
68.4. Histopathology
68.5. Disease risk factors
68.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
68.7. Immunodiagnostics
68.8. Molecular diagnostics
68.9. Disease control
Chapter 69. Vibriosis in green mussels
69.1. Overview
69.2. Etiological agents
69.3. Clinical signs and pathology
69.4. Disease risks factors
69.5. Virulence factors of vibrios
69.6. Disease prevention and control
Section XII. Parasitic diseases
Chapter 70. Bonamiasis
70.1. Overview
70.2. Etiological agent
70.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
70.4. Histopathology
70.5. Disease risk factors
70.6. Transmission electron microscopy
70.7. Diagnostic tests
70.8. Molecular diagnostics
70.9. In situ hybridization
70.10. Disease control
Chapter 71. Molluscan haplosporidiosis
71.1. Overview
71.2. Etiological agents
71.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
71.4. Histopathology
71.5. Disease risk factors
71.6. Clinical pathology
71.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
71.8. Molecular diagnostics
71.9. Disease control
Chapter 72. Kidney coccidiosis (scallop, abalone, mussels, oysters, and clams)
72.1. Overview
72.2. Etiological agent
72.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
72.4. Histopathology
72.5. Disease risk factors
72.6. Clinical pathology
72.7. Disease control
Chapter 73. Marteiliosis
73.1. Overview
73.2. Etiological agent
73.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
73.4. Histopathology
73.5. Disease risk factors
73.6. Clinical pathology
73.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
73.8. Molecular diagnostics
73.9. Disease control
Chapter 74. Mikrocytos mackini infection
74.1. Overview
74.2. Etiological agent
74.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
74.4. Histopathology
74.5. Disease risk factors
74.6. Clinical pathology
74.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
74.8. Molecular diagnostics
74.9. Disease control
Chapter 75. Nematopsis sp. infections
75.1. Overview
75.2. Etiological agent
75.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
75.4. Histopathology
75.5. Disease risk factors
75.6. Scanning electron microscopy
75.7. Molecular analysis
75.8. Disease control
Chapter 76. Perkinsosis
76.1. Overview
76.2. Etiological agents
76.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
76.4. Histopathology and host–parasite interactions
76.5. Disease risk factors
76.6. Clinical pathology
76.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
76.8. Immunodiagnostics
76.9. Molecular diagnostics
76.10. Disease control
Chapter 77. Shell-boring polychaetes (mudworms) and sponges affecting oysters, scallops, and abalone
77.1. Overview
77.2. Etiological agents
77.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
77.4. Diagnosis
77.5. Disease risk factors
77.6. Disease treatment and control
Section XIII. Fungal and nutritional diseases
Chapter 78. Ostracoblabe implexa disease of oysters
78.1. Overview
78.2. Etiological agent
78.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
78.4. Histopathology
78.5. Disease risk factors
78.6. Clinical pathology
78.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
78.8. Disease control
Chapter 79. Sirolpidium zoophthorum larval mycosis
79.1. Overview
79.2. Etiological agent
79.3. Clinical signs
79.4. Disease risk factors
79.5. Clinical pathology
79.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
79.7. Disease control
Chapter 80. Microsporidiosis (Steinhausia spp.)
80.1. Overview
80.2. Etiological agent
80.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
80.4. Histopathology
80.5. Disease risk factors
80.6. Disease control
Chapter 81. Hatchery nutritional conditions of mollusks
81.1. Overview
81.2. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathology
81.3. Toxic algae and bacteria ingestion disorders
81.4. Disease risk factors
81.5. Disease control
Section XIV. Environmental diseases
Chapter 82. Pollutant toxicoses of mollusks
82.1. Overview
82.2. Etiological agents
82.3. Clinical signs and gross, clinical, and histopathology
82.4. Disease risk factors
82.5. Disease control
Chapter 83. Endocrine disruption in mollusks
83.1. Overview
83.2. Etiological agents and pathogenesis
83.3. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathology
83.4. Disease risk factors
83.5. Disease control
Chapter 84. Ocean acidification
84.1. Overview
84.2. Pathogenesis
84.3. Clinical signs and pathology
84.4. Disease risk factors
84.5. Disease control
Section XV. Genetic and neoplastic diseases
Chapter 85. Inbreeding, genetic selection, and manipulation in oysters
85.1. Overview
85.2. Breeding lines
85.3. Ploidy manipulation
85.4. Inbreeding depression mechanisms
85.5. Inbreeding depression effects
85.6. Outcomes of genetic selection programs
85.7. Control of inbreeding
Chapter 86. Hemocytic neoplasia in mollusks
86.1. Overview
86.2. Etiological agents
86.3. Clinical signs and histopathology
86.4. Clinical pathology
86.5. Disease risk factors
86.6. Disease control
86.7. Future research and conclusion
Index

Frederick S.B. Kibenge

Dr. Frederick Kibenge is Professor of Virology at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island. He obtained his BVM from Makerere University and his PhD from Murdoch University, and he is the former Chairman of the Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College. Dr. Kibenge has more than 30 years of experience investigating animal viruses and the biology of viral pathogens. His research focuses on understanding the mechanisms of virus virulence to improve on methods of virus detection and control.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Virology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada

Bernardo Baldisserotto

Bernardo Baldisserotto is a full professor in the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at the Federal University of Santa Maria. He has published five books on fish physiology and fish culture, and has organized and participated in numerous other books and journal publications. Dr. Baldisserotto is editor-in-chief for the Physiology and Biochemistry section of Neotropical Ichthyology and associate editor of Fishes and the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

Roger Sie-Maen Chong

Dr. Roger Sie-Maen CHONG is a veterinary specialist in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK), with expertise in fish and shellfish pathology as applied to the health and biosecurity of aquacultured species. He is officially registered as a specialist by the Queensland Board of Veterinary Surgeons for Veterinary Aquatic Animal Health (Australia) and by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons for Fish Health and Production (UK). He is also a certified Fish Pathologist recognized by the Fish Health Section of the American Fisheries Society. Dr. Chong has worked in Hong Kong with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Conservation, in Queensland with the Biosecurity Queensland and is presently a research fish pathologist with the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO).

Affiliations and expertise

Registered Veterinary Specialist of Fish Health and Production, Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, UK; Registered Specialist of Veterinary Aquatic Animal Health, Queensland Veterinary Surgeons Board; Australia Veterinary Aquatic Pathologist, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia