Aquaculture Pathophysiology

Volume I. Finfish Diseases

1st Edition - August 25, 2022
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Frederick S.B. Kibenge, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Roger Sie-Maen Chong
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 2 2 1 1 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 2 3 3 7 - 9

Aquaculture Pathophysiology, Volume I. Finfish Diseases is a diverse, practical reference on finfish diseases impacting aquaculture. It is intended for the veterinarian, fish heal… Read more

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Aquaculture Pathophysiology, Volume I. Finfish Diseases is a diverse, practical reference on finfish diseases impacting aquaculture. It is intended for the veterinarian, fish health biologist or extensionist, fish pathologist and fish health diagnostician supporting the management of major and emerging infectious and non-infectious health risks for the key temperate, subtropical and tropical finfish species of commercial and fisheries importance. This volume should be read in partnership with volume 2 on shellfish diseases as the principles and approach to the diagnosis and management of aquacultured animal species are similar and typically researchers, teachers, students, diagnostic laboratory scientists, aquaculture technicians and farmers need to be competent across both finfish and shellfish health issues.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Chapter 1. Descriptions of major farmed aquatic animal species
1.1. Descriptions of the major farmed aquatic animal species
1.2. Aquaculture sector: fish
1.3. Aquaculture sector: crustaceans
1.4. Aquaculture sector: mollusks
Chapter 2. An introduction to global aquaculture
2.1. Background
2.2. Aquaculture production
2.3. Fish supply and demand
2.4. Disease risks in aquaculture
2.5. Climate change risks in aquaculture
2.6. Outlook
Chapter 3. General introduction to pathophysiology of finfish, crustacea, and mollusks
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Finfish pathophysiology
3.3. Crustacean pathophysiology
3.4. Mollusk pathophysiology
3.5. Summary
Section I. Finfish diseases
Chapter 4. Finfish laboratory methods
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Finfish necropsy
4.3. Fixation and handling of tissue samples
4.4. Histology
4.5. Light microscopy
4.6. Electron microscopy
Chapter 5. Finfish disease terminology
5.1. Overview
5.2. Finfish disease terminology
Chapter 6. Fish immunology
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Innate immunity in fish
6.3. Adaptive immunity in fish
6.4. Ontogenetic development of the fish immune system
6.5. Immune response to pathogens/infectious diseases
Section II. Viral diseases
Chapter 7. Cardiomyopathy syndrome
7.1. Overview
7.2. Etiological agent
7.3. Gross pathology and clinical signs
7.4. Histopathology
7.5. Isolation and identification of pathogen
7.6. Molecular diagnostics
7.7. Clinical pathology
7.8. Diseases risk factors
7.9. Disease control
7.10. Conclusion
Chapter 8. Eel herpesvirus
8.1. Overview
8.2. Etiological agent
8.3. Gross pathology and clinical signs
8.4. Histopathology
8.5. Disease risk factors
8.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
8.7. Molecular diagnostics
8.8. Disease control
Chapter 9. Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation
9.1. Overview
9.2. Etiological agent
9.3. Gross pathology and clinical signs
9.4. Histopathology
9.5. Isolation and identification of the pathogen
9.6. Molecular diagnosis
9.7. Clinical pathology
9.8. Diseases risk factors
9.9. Disease control
9.10. Conclusion
Chapter 10. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis
10.1. Overview
10.2. Etiological agent
10.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
10.4. Histopathology
10.5. Disease risk factors
10.6. Clinical pathology
10.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
10.8. Molecular diagnostics
10.9. Disease control
Chapter 11. Infectious pancreatic necrosis
11.1. Overview
11.2. Etiological agent
11.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
11.4. Histopathology
11.5. Cellular apoptosis mechanism of IPNV
11.6. Disease risk factors
11.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
11.8. Serology and molecular diagnostics
11.9. Disease control
Chapter 12. Infectious salmon anemia
12.1. Overview
12.2. Etiological agent
12.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
12.4. Histopathology
12.5. Clinical pathology
12.6. Disease risk factors
12.7. Pathogen isolation
12.8. Immunodiagnostics
12.9. Molecular diagnostics
12.10. Disease control
12.11. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Japanese eel endothelial cell-infecting virus
13.1. Overview
13.2. Etiological agent
13.3. Pathogen isolation and identification
13.4. Clinical signs and gross pathology
13.5. Histopathology
13.6. Molecular diagnostics
13.7. Disease control
Chapter 14. Koi herpesvirus disease
14.1. Overview
14.2. Etiological agent
14.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
14.4. Histopathology
14.5. Disease risk factors
14.6. Clinical pathology
14.7. Virus isolation and identification
14.8. Molecular diagnostics
14.9. Immunodiagnostics
14.10. Disease control
Chapter 15. Lymphocystis virus disease
15.1. Overview
15.2. Etiological agent
15.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
15.4. Histopathology
15.5. Disease risk factors
15.6. Immune response
15.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
15.8. Immunodiagnostics
15.9. Molecular diagnostics
15.10. Prevention and control
Chapter 16. Megalocytivirus in ornamental fish
16.1. Overview
16.2. Etiological agent
16.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
16.4. Histopathology
16.5. Pathogen isolation and identification
16.6. Immunodiagnostics
16.7. Molecular diagnostics
16.8. Disease risk factors
16.9. Disease control
Chapter 17. Salmonid alphavirus and pancreas disease
17.1. Overview
17.2. Etiological agents
17.3. Gross pathology and clinical signs
17.4. Histopathology
17.5. Clinical pathology
17.6. Immune responses
17.7. Diagnostic tests
17.8. Differential diagnosis
17.9. Pathogen culture and isolation
17.10. Immunodiagnostics
17.11. Molecular diagnostics
17.12. Disease transmission
17.13. Disease control
17.14. Conclusion
Chapter 18. Red sea bream iridoviral disease
18.1. Overview
18.2. Etiological agents
18.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
18.4. Histopathology
18.5. Disease risk factors
18.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
18.7. Immunodiagnostics
18.8. Molecular diagnostics
18.9. Disease control
Chapter 19. Spring viremia of carp
19.1. Overview
19.2. Etiological agent
19.3. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathology
19.4. Disease risk factors
19.5. Sample collection for diagnostic testing
19.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
19.7. Molecular diagnostics
19.8. Control, treatment, and management
19.9. Conclusions
Chapter 20. Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus
20.1. Overview
20.2. Etiological agent
20.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
20.4. Histopathological findings
20.5. Disease risk factors
20.6. Transmission electron microscopy
20.7. Pathogen isolation
20.8. Immunodiagnostic tests
20.9. Molecular analysis
20.10. Disease control
Chapter 21. Tilapia lake virus disease
21.1. Overview
21.2. Etiological agent
21.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
21.4. Histopathology
21.5. Disease risk factors
21.6. Clinical pathology
21.7. Virus isolation
21.8. Molecular diagnostics
21.9. Disease control
Chapter 22. Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy
22.1. Overview
22.2. Etiological agent
22.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
22.4. Histopathology
22.5. Disease risk factors
22.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
22.7. Molecular diagnostics
22.8. Disease prevention and control
Chapter 23. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: a review
23.1. Overview
23.2. Etiological agent
23.3. Gross pathology and clinical signs
23.4. Histopathology
23.5. Clinical pathology
23.6. Pathogen isolation and detection
23.7. Immune responses
23.8. Prevention and control
Section III. Bacterial diseases
Chapter 24. Aeromoniasis
24.1. Overview
24.2. Etiological agents
24.3. Clinical signs, pathology, and disease risks
24.4. Pathogen isolation and identification
24.5. Disease control
Chapter 25. Bacterial kidney disease
25.1. Overview
25.2. Etiological agent
25.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
25.4. Histopathology
25.5. Disease risk factors
25.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
25.7. Disease control
Chapter 26. Edwardsiellosis
26.1. Overview
26.2. Etiological agent
26.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
26.4. Histopathology
26.5. Disease risk factors
26.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
26.7. Immunodiagnostics
26.8. Molecular diagnostics
26.9. Disease prevention and control
Chapter 27. Epitheliocystis
27.1. Overview
27.2. Etiological agents
27.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
27.4. Histopathology
27.5. Clinical pathology
27.6. Disease risk factors
27.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
27.8. Molecular diagnostics
27.9. Disease control
Chapter 28. Flavobacteriosis
28.1. Overview
28.2. Etiological agent
28.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
28.4. Histopathology
28.5. Disease risk factors
28.6. Clinical pathology
28.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
28.8. Molecular and immunodiagnostics
28.9. Disease control
Chapter 29. Francisellosis in tilapia and other warmwater fish
29.1. Overview
29.2. Etiological agent
29.3. Clinical and postmortem signs
29.4. Histopathology
29.5. Disease risk factors
29.6. Clinical pathology
29.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
29.8. Immunodiagnostics
29.9. Molecular diagnostics
29.10. Disease control
Chapter 30. Furunculosis
30.1. Overview
30.2. Etiological agent
30.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
30.4. Histopathology
30.5. Disease risk factors
30.6. Clinical pathology
30.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
30.8. Immunodiagnostics
30.9. Molecular diagnostics
30.10. Disease control
Chapter 31. Mycobacteriosis
31.1. Overview
31.2. Etiological agents
31.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
31.4. Histopathology
31.5. Disease risk factors
31.6. Clinical pathology
31.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
31.8. Molecular diagnostics
31.9. Disease control
Chapter 32. Nocardiosis
32.1. Overview
32.2. Etiological agent
32.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
32.4. Histopathology
32.5. Molecular diagnostics
32.6. Immune responses
32.7. Disease treatment and control
Chapter 33. Pasteurellosis-photobacteriosis
33.1. Overview
33.2. Etiological agent
33.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
33.4. Histopathology
33.5. Disease risk factors
33.6. Clinical pathology
33.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
33.8. Molecular diagnostics
33.9. Disease control
Chapter 34. Piscirickettsia salmonis infection
34.1. Overview
34.2. Etiological agent
34.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
34.4. Histopathology
34.5. Clinical pathology
34.6. Disease risk factors
34.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
34.8. Molecular and immunodiagnostics
34.9. Disease control
Chapter 35. Streptococcosis
35.1. Overview
35.2. Etiological agent
35.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
35.4. Histopathology
35.5. Molecular diagnostics
35.6. Immune responses
35.7. Diseases treatment and control
Chapter 36. Vibriosis
36.1. Overview
36.2. Etiological agent
36.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
36.4. Histopathology
36.5. Disease risk factors
36.6. Clinical pathology
36.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
36.8. Immunodiagnostics
36.9. Molecular diagnostics
36.10. Disease control
Section IV. Parasitic diseases
Chapter 37. Amoebic gill disease
37.1. Overview
37.2. Etiological agent
37.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
37.4. Histopathology
37.5. Clinical pathology
37.6. Disease risk factors
37.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
37.8. Molecular diagnostics
37.9. Disease control
Chapter 38. Amyloodiniosis
38.1. Overview
38.2. Etiological agent
38.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
38.4. Histopathology
38.5. Disease risk factors
38.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
38.7. Molecular diagnostics
38.8. Disease control
Chapter 39. Chilodonella and Brooklynella infections
39.1. Overview
39.2. Etiological agents
39.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
39.4. Histopathology
39.5. Disease risk factors
39.6. Clinical pathology
39.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
39.8. Molecular diagnostics
39.9. Disease control
Chapter 40. Infection by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
40.1. Overview
40.2. Etiological agent
40.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
40.4. Histopathology and immune response
40.5. Clinical pathology
40.6. Disease risk factors
40.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
40.8. Disease control
Chapter 41. Cryptocaryon irritans infection
41.1. Overview
41.2. Etiological agent systematics
41.3. Host range and specificity
41.4. Tolerance ranges
41.5. Life cycle and morphology
41.6. Host transmission
41.7. Clinical signs and diagnosis
41.8. Histopathology
41.9. Treatment and control
Chapter 42. Infection with Gyrodactylus salaris
42.1. Overview
42.2. Etiological agent
42.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
42.4. Histopathology
42.5. Virulence factors
42.6. Clinical pathology
42.7. Parasite identification
42.8. Molecular diagnostics
42.9. Disease control
Chapter 43. Monogenean infections
43.1. Overview
43.2. Etiological agent
43.3. Clinical signs, gross and histopathology
43.4. Disease risk factors
43.5. Clinical pathology
43.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
43.7. Molecular diagnostics
43.8. Disease control
Chapter 44. Myxozoan infections
44.1. Overview
44.2. Etiological agents
44.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
44.4. Histopathology
44.5. Clinical pathology
44.6. Disease risk factors
44.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
44.8. Molecular and immunodiagnostics
44.9. Disease control
Chapter 45. Sea lice
45.1. Overview
45.2. Etiological agents
45.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
45.4. Histopathology
45.5. Disease risk factors
45.6. Clinical pathology
45.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
45.8. Molecular diagnostics
45.9. Disease control
Chapter 46. Digenetic trematode infections
46.1. Overview
46.2. Etiological agents
46.3. Clinical signs, gross pathology, histopathology, and clinical pathology
46.4. Disease risk factors
46.5. Pathogen isolation and identification
46.6. Molecular diagnostics
46.7. Disease control
Chapter 47. Tetrahymenosis and scuticociliatosis
47.1. Overview
47.2. Etiological agents
47.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
47.4. Histopathology
47.5. Disease risk factors
47.6. Clinical pathology
47.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
47.8. Molecular diagnostics
47.9. Disease control
Chapter 48. Trypanosomiasis
48.1. Overview
48.2. Etiological agents
48.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
48.4. Histopathology
48.5. Clinical pathology
48.6. Disease risk factors
48.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
48.8. Molecular diagnostics
48.9. Disease control
Chapter 49. Whirling disease
49.1. Overview
49.2. Etiological agent and life cycle
49.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
49.4. Histopathology
49.5. Disease risk factors
49.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
49.7. Molecular diagnostics
49.8. Disease control
Section V. Fungal diseases
Chapter 50. Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
50.1. Overview
50.2. Etiological agent
50.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
50.4. Histopathology
50.5. Disease risk factors
50.6. Clinical pathology
50.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
50.8. Immunodiagnostics
50.9. Molecular diagnostics
50.10. Disease control
Chapter 51. Ichthyophoniasis
51.1. Overview
51.2. Etiological agent
51.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
51.4. Histopathology
51.5. Disease risk factors
51.6. Clinical pathology
51.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
51.8. Molecular diagnostics
51.9. Disease control
Chapter 52. Microsporidian infections
52.1. Overview
52.2. Etiological agent
52.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
52.4. Histopathology
52.5. Disease risk factors
52.6. Pathogen isolation and identification
52.7. Molecular diagnostics
52.8. Disease control
Chapter 53. Saprolegniasis
53.1. Overview
53.2. Etiological agent
53.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
53.4. Histopathology
53.5. Disease risk factors
53.6. Clinical pathology
53.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
53.8. Immunodiagnostics
53.9. Molecular diagnostics
53.10. Disease control
Section VI. Nutritional diseases
Chapter 54. Amino acid deficiency and toxicity
54.1. Overview
54.2. Etiology
54.3. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathology
54.4. Disease risk factors
54.5. Disease control
Chapter 55. Antinutritional factors in plant-based feeds
55.1. Overview
55.2. Etiological agents and pathogenesis
55.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
55.4. Histopathology
55.5. Disease risk factors
55.6. Clinical pathology
55.7. Disease control
Chapter 56. Fatty acid deficiency, fatty liver, liver lipoid disease, and toxic non-essential fatty acid
56.1. Overview
56.2. Etiology
56.3. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathology
56.4. Disease risk factors
56.5. Laboratory diagnosis
56.6. Disease control
Chapter 57. Fungal toxins in feedstuffs
57.1. Overview
57.2. Etiological agents and pathogenesis
57.3. Disease risk factors
57.4. Laboratory testing
57.5. Disease control
Chapter 58. Investigating ill thrift in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi
58.1. Overview
58.2. Characterization of the bacterial pathogens
58.3. Gross pathology and clinical signs
58.4. Histopathology
58.5. Clinical pathology
58.6. Pathogenesis
Chapter 59. Mineral deficiency and toxicity
59.1. Overview
59.2. Clinical signs, pathology, and pathogenesis
59.3. Disease risk factors
59.4. Disease control
Chapter 60. Vitamin deficiency and toxicity
60.1. Overview
60.2. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathology
60.3. Disease risk factors
60.4. Disease control
Section VII. Environmental diseases
Chapter 61. Ammonia toxicosis
61.1. Overview
61.2. Etiological process
61.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
61.4. Histopathology
61.5. Clinical pathology
61.6. Disease risk factors
61.7. Disease control
Chapter 62. Carbon dioxide toxicosis
62.1. Overview
62.2. Etiological process
62.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
62.4. Histopathology
62.5. Clinical pathology
62.6. Disease risk factors
62.7. Laboratory tests
62.8. Disease control
Chapter 63. Chlorine toxicosis
63.1. Overview
63.2. Etiological process
63.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
63.4. Histopathology
63.5. Disease risk factors
63.6. Laboratory tests
63.7. Disease control
Chapter 64. Chronic diseases of the lateral line organ in fish
64.1. Overview
64.2. Chronic ulcerative dermatopathy
64.3. Lateral line depigmentation in fish
Chapter 65. Endocrine disruption in fish
65.1. Overview
65.2. Etiological processes and clinical pathology
65.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
65.4. Histopathology
65.5. Disease risk factors
65.6. Laboratory tests
65.7. Disease control
Chapter 66. Gas bubble disease
66.1. Overview
66.2. Etiological process
66.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
66.4. Histopathology
66.5. Clinical pathology
66.6. Disease risk factors
66.7. Disease control
Chapter 67. Harmful algal blooms
67.1. Overview
67.2. Etiological agents and pathogenesis
67.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
67.4. Histopathology
67.5. Disease risk factors
67.6. Clinical pathology
67.7. Laboratory diagnosis
67.8. Disease control
Chapter 68. Hypoxia
68.1. Overview
68.2. Etiology
68.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
68.4. Diagnosis
68.5. Disease risk factors
68.6. Disease control
Chapter 69. Metals toxicosis
69.1. Overview
69.2. Etiological agents and disease risk factors
69.3. Clinical signs, gross, clinical, and histopathology
69.4. Diagnosis
69.5. Disease control
Chapter 70. Nitrite–nitrate toxicosis
70.1. Overview
70.2. Etiological process
70.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
70.4. Histopathology
70.5. Disease risk factors
70.6. Clinical pathology
70.7. Laboratory tests
70.8. Disease control
Chapter 71. Pesticides toxicosis
71.1. Overview
71.2. Etiological agents
71.3. Clinical signs, gross pathology, clinical pathology, and histopathology
71.4. Disease risk factors
71.5. Diagnostic process
71.6. Disease control
Section VIII. Genetic and neoplastic diseases
Chapter 72. Fish genetic malformations
72.1. Overview
72.2. Pathogenesis
72.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
72.4. Disease risk factors
72.5. Disease control
Chapter 73. Aflatoxicosis
73.1. Overview
73.2. Etiological agent and carcinogenesis
73.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
73.4. Histopathology
73.5. Disease risk factors
73.6. Laboratory diagnosis
73.7. Disease control
Chapter 74. Chemical carcinogenic diseases
74.1. Overview
74.2. Etiological agents and carcinogenesis
74.3. Clinical signs, gross pathology and histopathology
74.4. Disease risk factors
74.5. Disease control
Chapter 75. Classification of fish neoplasia
75.1. Overview
75.2. Neoplasia classification
75.3. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathology
75.4. Disease risk factors
75.5. Disease control
Chapter 76. Oncogenic finfish viral diseases
76.1. Overview
76.2. Etiological agents
76.3. Clinical signs and gross pathology
76.4. Histopathology
76.5. Disease risk factors
76.6. Clinical pathology
76.7. Pathogen isolation and identification
76.8. Molecular diagnostics
76.9. Disease control
Index

Frederick S.B. Kibenge

Dr. Frederick Kibenge is Professor of Virology at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island. He obtained his BVM from Makerere University and his PhD from Murdoch University, and he is the former Chairman of the Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College. Dr. Kibenge has more than 30 years of experience investigating animal viruses and the biology of viral pathogens. His research focuses on understanding the mechanisms of virus virulence to improve on methods of virus detection and control.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Virology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada

Bernardo Baldisserotto

Bernardo Baldisserotto is a full professor in the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at the Federal University of Santa Maria. He has published five books on fish physiology and fish culture, and has organized and participated in numerous other books and journal publications. Dr. Baldisserotto is editor-in-chief for the Physiology and Biochemistry section of Neotropical Ichthyology and associate editor of Fishes and the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

Roger Sie-Maen Chong

Dr. Roger Sie-Maen CHONG is a veterinary specialist in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK), with expertise in fish and shellfish pathology as applied to the health and biosecurity of aquacultured species. He is officially registered as a specialist by the Queensland Board of Veterinary Surgeons for Veterinary Aquatic Animal Health (Australia) and by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons for Fish Health and Production (UK). He is also a certified Fish Pathologist recognized by the Fish Health Section of the American Fisheries Society. Dr. Chong has worked in Hong Kong with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Conservation, in Queensland with the Biosecurity Queensland and is presently a research fish pathologist with the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO).

Affiliations and expertise

Registered Veterinary Specialist of Fish Health and Production, Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, UK; Registered Specialist of Veterinary Aquatic Animal Health, Queensland Veterinary Surgeons Board; Australia Veterinary Aquatic Pathologist, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia

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Aquaculture Pathophysiology

Volume I. Finfish Diseases

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Frederick S.B. Kibenge

Bernardo Baldisserotto

Roger Sie-Maen Chong

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