Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook
Processing, Sustainability, Materials, and Applications
- 3rd Edition - November 23, 2023
- Imprint: William Andrew
- Editor: Myer Kutz
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 6 6 7 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 0 6 7 - 5
Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook: Processing, Sustainability, Materials, and Applications, Third Edition presents the fundamentals of plastics engineering, helping bring rea… Read more
Purchase options
Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect
Request a sales quoteApplied Plastics Engineering Handbook: Processing, Sustainability, Materials, and Applications, Third Edition presents the fundamentals of plastics engineering, helping bring readers up-to-speed on new plastics, materials, processing and technology. This revised and expanded edition includes the latest developments in plastics, including areas such as biodegradable and biobased plastics, plastic waste, smart polymers, and 3D printing. Sections cover traditional plastics, elastomeric materials, bio-based materials, additives, colorants, fillers and plastics processing, including various key technologies, plastic recycling and waste. The final part of the book examines design and applications, with substantial updates made to reflect advancements in technology, regulations, and commercialization.
Throughout the handbook, the focus is on engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. Properties of plastics are explained, along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing, and analyzing them. Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don't teach you in school and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up-to-speed in a new field.
- Offers an ideal reference for new engineers, experienced practitioners and researchers entering a new field or evaluating a new technology
- Provides an authoritative source of practical advice, presenting guidance that will lead to cost savings and process improvements
- Includes the latest technology, covering 3D printing, smart polymers and thorough coverage of biobased and biodegradable plastics
Engineers, R&D professionals, industrial designers, scientists, manufacturers, and practitioners from a range of backgrounds working with plastics or approaching plastics engineering from other industries, Researchers and advanced students across polymer science, plastics engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, environmental science, and materials science and engineering
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- List of Contributors
- About the Editor
- Preface to the Third Edition
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Preface to the First Edition
- Part I: Plastics, Elastomeric and Biobased Materials
- 1. Engineering Thermoplastics—Materials, Properties, Trends
- Abstract
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Aliphatic polyamides
- 1.3 Aromatic polyamides, aramids
- 1.4 Semiaromatic polyamides
- 1.5 Polyacetals
- 1.6 Polycarbonates
- 1.7 Poly (phenylene ether)
- 1.8 Polysulfones
- 1.9 High-temperature sulfone polymers
- 1.10 Thermoplastic polyesters
- 1.11 Liquid crystalline polymers (polyesters)
- 1.12 Poly(phenylene sulfide)
- 1.13 Polyetherimide
- 1.14 Polyimides
- 1.15 Polyamide imides
- 1.16 Aromatic polyketones
- 1.17 Polyarylates
- 1.18 Aliphatic polyketones
- 1.19 Syndiotactic polystyrene
- 1.20 Self-reinforcing polyphenylene
- 1.21 Poly(p-xylylene)
- 1.22 Polybenzimidazole
- 1.23 Comparison of physical properties
- 1.24 Trends in engineering thermoplastics
- 1.25 Processing
- 1.26 Conclusions
- References
- 2. Polyolefins: Plastics Engineering Encyclopedia—Elsevier
- Abstract
- 2.1 Industrial processes for polyolefin production
- 2.2 Classes of polyolefins
- 2.3 Catalysts for olefin polymerization
- 2.4 Industrial reactors
- 2.5 Polyolefine properties
- 2.6 Applications
- 2.7 Polyolefin composites
- 3. Introduction to Fluoropolymers
- Abstract
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Fluoropolymer classification
- 3.3 Fluoropolymer products
- 3.4 Monomer synthesis
- 3.5 Monomer properties
- 3.6 Polymerization and finishing
- 3.7 Structure–property relationship of PE to PTFE
- 3.8 Polymer properties of PTFE
- 3.9 Fabrication techniques
- 3.10 Applications
- 3.11 Safety
- 3.12 Polymerization surfactant
- 3.13 Economics
- 3.14 Summary
- References
- Further reading
- 4. Polyvinyl Chloride
- Abstract
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Synthesis of vinyl chloride
- 4.3 PVC compounds, processing, and applications
- 4.4 Vinyl chloride and health sidebar
- 4.5 Dioxin sidebar
- Further reading
- 5. Thermoplastic Elastomers
- Abstract
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Classification and structure
- 5.3 Production
- 5.4 Structure–property relationships
- 5.5 Applications
- 5.6 Economic aspects and trade names
- References
- 6. Thermoset Elastomers
- Abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Some experimental details
- 6.3 Typical stress–strain behavior
- 6.4 Control of network structure
- 6.5 Networks at very high deformations
- 6.6 Multimodal chain-length distributions
- 6.7 Other types of deformation
- 6.8 Filler-reinforced elastomers and elastomer-modified ceramics
- 6.9 Current problems and future trends
- References
- 7. Biodegradable and Biobased Polymers
- Abstract
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Naturally occurring polymers
- 7.3 Biodegradable polymers derived from renewable resources
- 7.4 Biodegradable polymers derived from petroleum
- 7.5 Poly(caprolactone)
- 7.6 Biobased polymers derived from plant oil
- 7.7 Conclusion remarks
- References
- 8. Polymeric Biomaterials
- Abstract
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Polymeric biomaterials in ophthalmology
- 8.3 Polymeric biomaterials in orthopedics
- 8.4 Polymeric biomaterials in cardiovascular
- 8.5 Polymeric biomaterials for wound closure
- 8.6 Polymeric biomaterials in extracorporeal artificial organs
- 8.7 Polymeric biomaterials for nerve regeneration
- 8.8 Conclusions and future outlook
- References
- Part II: Environmental Issues
- 9. Recycling of Plastics
- Abstract
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Technology to recycle plastics
- 9.3 Challenges
- 9.4 Industries and industry organizations
- 9.5 Products
- 9.6 Conclusions
- Acknowledgement
- References
- 10. Plastics Waste to Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Supercapacitor Applications
- Abstract
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Conversion of plastics into CBNs
- 10.3 Waste-derived CBNs for water treatment
- 10.4 Waste plastic-derived CBNs for supercapacitor
- 10.5 Future outlook for CBNs
- 10.6 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 11. Energy Management
- Abstract
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Site internal benchmarking
- 11.3 Site external benchmarking
- 11.4 Machine external benchmarking
- 11.5 Summary and conclusions
- 12. Sustainability Management
- Abstract
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Management systems
- 12.3 Design
- 12.4 Raw materials
- 12.5 Manufacturing
- 12.6 Energy management
- 12.7 Water management
- 12.8 The water management program
- 12.9 Waste minimization
- 12.10 Use and end-of-life
- 12.11 Social responsibility and sustainability
- 12.12 Reporting sustainability
- Part III: Plastics Processing
- 13. Injection Molding Technology
- Abstract
- 13.1 The injection molding screw
- 14. Microcellular Injection Molding
- Abstract
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 General discussion of foam processing
- 14.3 General discussion of microcellular processing
- 14.4 General discussion of microcellular injection molding technologies
- 14.5 Process monitoring and control methods for microcellular injection molding
- 14.6 Equipment requirements for microcellular foam injection molding
- 14.7 Trexel’s MuCell technology
- 14.8 Other physical foaming techniques
- 14.9 Typical objectives of microcellular injection molding
- 14.10 Limitations of microcellular injection molding
- 14.11 Best target applications
- 14.12 More challenging situations
- 14.13 Commercial examples
- 14.14 Future trends
- References
- 15. Extrusion Processes
- Abstract
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Single-screw extruders
- 15.3 Single-screw extruder mechanisms
- 15.4 Twin-screw extruder equipment
- 15.5 Planetary roller extruders: principle components and operating principles
- 15.6 Shaping and drawing and extrusion applications
- 15.7 Extrusion laminations and coatings
- 15.8 Solidification and cooling
- References
- Further reading
- 16. Blow Molding
- Abstract
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 The process
- 16.3 Formulas for blow molding
- 16.4 Troubleshooting
- Acknowledgments
- 17. Compression Molding
- Abstract
- 17.1 Basics of processing by compression molding
- 17.2 Molding force and pressure
- 17.3 Typical presses
- 17.4 Compression molds and associated tooling
- 17.5 Commonly used resins
- 17.6 Resin charge characteristics
- 17.7 Processing parameters for granules, powders, and preforms
- 17.8 Resin matrix modifiers
- 17.9 Engineered fiber-reinforced molding compounds
- 17.10 Comparisons with transfer molding and injection molding
- 17.11 Similar processes
- 17.12 Modeling the fluid dynamics and heat transfer of mold filling
- 17.13 Ensuring part quality and process efficiency
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 18. Rotational Molding
- Abstract
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Rotational molding process
- 18.3 Materials for rotational molding
- 18.4 Molds for rotational molding
- 18.5 Machinery for rotational molding
- 18.6 Design for rotational molding
- References
- 19. Thermoforming
- Abstract
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Thermoforming characteristics
- 19.3 Thermoformed product characteristics
- 19.4 The thermoforming concept
- 19.5 Thermoforming machinery
- 19.6 Thin-gauge thermoforming
- 19.7 Thick-gauge thermoforming
- 19.8 Other thermoforming technologies
- 19.9 Heaters
- 19.10 Thermoforming mold materials
- 19.11 Operational aspects of thermoforming
- References
- 20. Process Monitoring and Process Control: An Overview
- Abstract
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Historical factors affecting the development of process monitoring and controls
- 20.3 Basic concepts: open-loop and closed-loop controls
- 20.4 Transducers used in plastics processes
- 20.5 Data acquisition systems
- 20.6 General control strategies: extrusion versus injection molding
- 20.7 Process control applications overview: extrusion
- 20.8 Process control applications overview: injection molding
- 20.9 Process development tools
- 20.10 Conclusions
- References
- 21. Polymer Stabilization
- Abstract
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Degradation chemistry
- 21.3 Stabilizers
- 21.4 Performance of stabilizers
- 21.5 Other factors determining the choice of stabilizers
- Appendix 21.1 Chemical structure, CAS number, and several trade names of several stabilizers
- References
- Part IV: Modification and Joining Techniques
- 22. Surface Modification of Plastics: Atomic Layer Deposition
- Abstract
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 History of atomic layer deposition
- 22.3 Fundamentals of atomic layer deposition
- 22.4 Atomic layer deposition on polymers
- 22.5 Industrial atomic layer deposition equipment
- References
- 23. Plastics Additives
- Abstract
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Overview
- 23.3 Thermal stabilizers
- 23.4 Nucleating agents
- 23.5 Antioxidants
- 23.6 Flame retardants
- 23.7 Color and colorants
- 23.8 Fillers
- 23.9 Reinforcements
- 23.10 Impact modifiers and impact modification
- 23.11 Miscellaneous
- 24. Dispersants and Coupling Agents
- Abstract
- 24.1 Introduction
- 24.2 Dispersants
- 24.3 Practical use considerations
- 24.4 Types of dispersants
- 24.5 Property effects
- 24.6 Coupling agents
- 24.7 Conclusions
- Further reading
- 25. Functional Fillers for Plastics
- Abstract
- 25.1 Introduction
- 25.2 The basics
- 25.3 Thermal and electrical properties
- 25.4 Hardness, friction, scratch resistance, and wear
- 25.5 Barrier properties
- 25.6 Optical properties
- 25.7 Processing
- 25.8 Extra phase effects
- 25.9 Popular fillers
- 25.10 Specialty fillers
- References
- 26. Plasticizers
- Abstract
- 26.1 Introduction
- 26.2 Mechanism of plasticization
- 26.3 Types of plasticizers
- 26.4 Phthalate esters
- 26.5 Terephthalate esters
- 26.6 Dibasic acid esters
- 26.7 Epoxy plasticizers
- 26.8 Trimellitate esters
- 26.9 Benzoate esters
- 26.10 Cyclohexanoate esters
- 26.11 Polymeric plasticizers
- 26.12 Phosphate esters
- 26.13 Citrate esters
- 26.14 Other plasticizers
- 26.15 Plasticizer characteristics and performance of flexible PVC
- 26.16 Plasticizer selections for specific applications
- 26.17 Plasticizers for other polymers
- 26.18 Human health aspects of plasticizers
- 26.19 Future of plasticizers
- References
- 27. Plastics Joining
- Abstract
- 27.1 Introduction
- 27.2 Mechanical joining
- 27.3 Adhesive bonding
- 27.4 Welding
- References
- Part V: Design and Applications
- 28. Design of Plastic Parts
- Abstract
- 28.1 Introduction
- 28.2 Material selection
- 28.3 Process selection
- 28.4 Structural design
- 28.5 Design for manufacturing and assembly
- 28.6 Environmental impact and recycling
- 28.7 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 29. Three-Dimensional Printing of Plastics
- Abstract
- 29.1 Introduction
- 29.2 3D printing processes
- 29.3 Design with 3D printing
- 29.4 Manufacturing strategy
- 29.5 Future outlook
- 29.6 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 30. Plastics in Buildings and Construction
- Abstract
- 30.1 Introduction
- 30.2 Applications
- 30.3 Plastics recycling
- 30.4 Plastic applications in green building design
- 30.5 Future trends
- 30.6 Conclusions
- References
- 31. A Perspective on the Evolution of Plastics and Composites in the Automotive Industry
- Abstract
- 31.1 Introduction
- 31.2 Applications of plastics and composites
- 31.3 Automotive applications of plastics—exterior components
- 31.4 Automotive applications of plastics—interior components
- 31.5 Automotive applications of plastics—under-the-hood components
- 31.6 Future outlook
- 31.7 Conclusions
- References
- 32. Infrastructure Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
- Abstract
- 32.1 Introduction
- 32.2 FRP composites for highway structures
- 32.3 Applications for waterway structures
- 32.4 Other infrastructural applications
- 32.5 Recent innovative FRP applications
- 32.6 Durability of polymer composites
- 32.7 Recycling of composites
- 32.8 New opportunities for composites
- 32.9 Summary
- References
- 33. The Plastic Piping Industry in North America
- Abstract
- 33.1 Introduction
- 33.2 Thermoplastic piping materials
- 33.3 Pipeline and piping rehabilitation technologies
- 33.4 PEX pipe manufacturing
- 33.5 Fiberglass-reinforced thermosetting pipe manufacturing
- 33.6 Long-term strength testing of reinforced thermosetting resin pipe
- 33.7 Test methods for calculating the long-term hydrostatic strength
- 33.8 The hydrostatic design basis and the pressure design basis
- 33.9 Validation of polyethylene pipe materials
- 33.10 Popelar shift function calculations for PE pipe materials
- 33.11 Application of shift functions to PE piping materials
- 33.12 Ductile to brittle transition and failure mechanisms
- 33.13 Long-term strength testing of reinforced thermosetting piping
- 33.14 Design of plastic piping systems
- 33.15 Regulatory
- 33.16 Applications of thermoplastic and reinforced composite piping
- 33.17 Critical factors influencing the growth of plastic piping
- 34. PET Use in Blow Molded Rigid Packaging
- Abstract
- 34.1 Introduction
- References
- Index
- Edition: 3
- Published: November 23, 2023
- Imprint: William Andrew
- No. of pages: 910
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323886673
- eBook ISBN: 9780323910675
MK
Myer Kutz
Myer Kutz has been heading his own firm, Myer Kutz Associates, Inc., since 1990. For the past two decades, he has focused on writing and developing engineering handbooks on a wide range of technical topics, such as mechanical, materials, biomedical, transportation, and environmentally conscious engineering. Earlier, his firm supplied consulting services to a large client roster, including Fortune 500 companies, scientific societies, and large and small publishers. He has been a trustee of the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) and chaired committees of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Association of American Publishers (AAP). He is a long-time judge for the AAP's annual PROSE Awards, and holds engineering degrees from MIT and RPI, served as an officer in the US Army Ordnance Corp, and worked in the aerospace industry on the Apollo project. He is the author of nine books. He writes “The Scholarly Publishing Scene”, a column for the magazine Against the Grain. He lives in Delmar, New York, with his wife, Arlene.
Affiliations and expertise
Owner, Myer Kutz Associates. Inc., Delmar, NY, USARead Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook on ScienceDirect