Applied Atomic Collision Physics

Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry

1st Edition - September 28, 1982
Imprint: Academic Press
Editor: H.S.W. Massey
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 4 4 9 0 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 8 0 9 - 2

Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Volume 1: Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry focuses on the applications of atomic collision physics in atmospheric physics and chemistry. The… Read more

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Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Volume 1: Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry focuses on the applications of atomic collision physics in atmospheric physics and chemistry. The emphasis is on the physics of the upper atmospheres of the earth and planets as well as astrophysics, including solar physics, the physics of planetary nebulae, and reactions in interstellar space. Comprised of 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the structure of the earth's atmosphere and its environment in interplanetary space, along with the structure of the terrestrial atmosphere at middle latitudes. The discussion then turns to the photochemistry of the midlatitude ionosphere; the thermal balance in the thermosphere at middle latitudes; atomic collisions in the lower ionosphere at midlatitudes; and airglow and auroras. Subsequent chapters explore the high latitude ionosphere, the exosphere, and the magnetosphere; the ionospheres of the planets and other bodies of the solar system; atmospheric processes involved in the stratospheric ozone problem; and solar physics. The final two chapters are concerned with applications to the physics of planetary nebulae and interstellar space. This book will be of interest to physicists and chemists.

List of Contributors

Treatise Preface

Preface

1 Upper Atmospheric Physics—Introduction

2 The Structure of the Terrestrial Atmosphere at Middle Latitudes

I. The Neutral Atmosphere

II. Ionization in the Thermosphere—The Main Ionosphere

III. Some Basic Data on Upper Atmospheric Atoms and Molecules

References

3 The Photochemistry of the Midlatitude Ionosphere

I. The Formation of the Ionosphere

II. The Atmosphere Explorer Satellites

III. The Solar EUV Radiation

IV. Rate of Electron and Ion Production in the Thermosphere

V. Penetration of Different Wavelengths into the Atmosphere

VI. Electron Recombination

VII. Ionic Reaction Rates

VIII. Application of Laboratory Data to Photochemistry of the Main Ionosphere

IX. The F2 Region

References

4 The Thermal Balance in the Thermosphere at Middle Latitudes

I. Introduction

II. General Description of the Thermal Balance Associated with Solar UV Radiation

III. The Electron and Ion Temperatures

IV. The Electron and Ion Temperature in the F Region—Comparison with Observation

V. The Radiation Budget and the Neutral Gas Temperature

References

5 Atomic Collisions and the Lower Ionosphere at Midlatitudes

I. Introduction

II. The Temperature Structure below 120 km

III. The Atmospheric Composition in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

IV. Production of the E Region

V. Ionizing Radiation below 90 km

VI. The Normal D Region

VII. The Winter Anomaly

VIII. Disturbance of the D Region by Solar Flares

IX. Meteor Ionization

References

6 Airglow and Auroras

Part A. Nightglow

I. Lines

II. Band Systems

III. Continuum

Part B. Dayglow

IV. Resonant and Fluorescent Scattering

V. Photoelectrons

VI. Lines

VII. Band Systems

Part C. Auroras

VIII. Impact Excitation

IX. Chemical-Ionic Sources

X. Proton Auroras

References

7 The High Latitude Ionosphere, the Exosphere, and the Magnetosphere

I. The High Latitude Ionosphere

II. Photochemistry of the F Region in the Presence of a Diffuse Aurora

III. Model Studies of the High Latitude F Region—The Effect of Electric Fields

IV. The Light Ions, H+ and He+, and the Polar Wind

V. The Escape of Hydrogen from the Earth

VI. The Helium Escape Problem

VII. Polar Cap Absorption Events

VIII. Ions in the Magnetosphere

References

8 The Ionospheres of the Planets and Other Bodies of the Solar System

I. Introduction

II. The Inner Planets from Spacecraft

III. General Description of the Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere of Mars and Venus

IV. Interaction of the Solar Wind with the Planetary Ionospheres

V. Atmospheric Composition and Temperature

VI. The Electron Concentration in the Planetary Ionospheres

VII. The Ion Composition in the Planetary Ionospheres

VIII. The Electron and Ion Temperatures

IX. Photochemistry of the Planetary Ionospheres

X. The Day Airglow: Mars and Venus

XI. The Night Airglow on Venus

XII. Thermal Balance in the Planetary Atmospheres—The Electron and Ion Temperatures

XIII. The Heating Efficiency in the Thermospheres of Mars and Venus

XIV. The Outer Planets and their Satellites

XV. Ions and Ionic Reactions in Comets

References

9 Atmospheric Processes Involved in the Stratospheric Ozone Problem

I. Introduction

II. Stratospheric Chemistry

III. Atmospheric Models

IV. Predictions of Ozone Depletion by Halocarbons

V. Comparisons Between One-Dimensional Modes and Atmospheric Measurements

VI. Model Prediction for Halocarbon Releases

VII. Two-Dimensional Model Results

VIII. Estimates of Uncertainties in Model Predictions

IX. Feedbacks and Interactions with Other Pollutants

X. Past Ozone Trends as a Possible Early Warning System

XI. Other Possible Threats to the O3 Layer

XII. Consequences of O3 Depletion

References

10 Solar Physics

I. Introduction

II. Aspects of Solar Physics Involving Atomic Collisions

III. Impact Excitation

IV. Ionization and Recombination

V. Absolute Spectral Intensities

VI. Radiation Effects

VII. Conclusions

References

11 Atomic Collisions in Gaseous Nebulae

I. Sources of Nebular Radiation

II. Radiative Recombination to H Ions

III. Radiative Recombination to He+

IV. Recombination to Ions of Heavier Elements—Importance of Dielectronic Recombination

V. Forbidden Transitions in Nebular Spectra

VI. Excitation of Intercombination and Allowed Lines

VII. Applications to Observed Nebulae

VIII. Excitation through Charge Transfer

IX. Energy Balance in Nebulae

References

12 Molecules in Interstellar Space

I. Introduction

II. Excitation in Dense Clouds

III. Excitation in Diffuse Clouds

IV. Excitation in Shocked Regions

V. Molecular Reactions

References

Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Applied Atomic Collision Physics

Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry

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