Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater and Human Health

1st Edition - January 17, 2023
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Dharm Pal, Awanish Kumar
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 6 1 2 4 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 4 8 3 - 5

Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater and Human Health provides updated knowledge on the human health risks associated with antimicrobial resistance of wastewater. The book's… Read more

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater and Human Health provides updated knowledge on the human health risks associated with antimicrobial resistance of wastewater. The book's chapters address commonly found bacteria and drug resistant genes in wastewater, treatment plant problems and challenges, human health hazards, and gaps in current literature. Written for researchers, scientists, graduate and PhD students in the areas of Public Health, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Science, this will be an ideal resource.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
Contributors
Biographies
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1 Commonly found bacteria and drug-resistant gene in wastewater
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Bacteria : An Overview
1.3 Wastewater characteristics
1.4 Bacterial population based on wastewater source
1.5 Drug resistant gene
1.6 MDR effects
1.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Development and spread of drug resistance through wastewater
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Enrichment of drug resistance genes in human pathogenic bacteria showing antimicrobial resistance
3.1 Introduction
3.2 History
3.3 Pathogenic bacteria
3.4 Drugs against pathogenic bacteria
3.5 Drug resistance
3.6 Enzymatic modification and inactivation
3.7 Antibiotic target site alterations
3.8 Antibiotic efflux and change in the permeability of bacterial cell wall
3.9 Degradation of antibiotic drugs (ABDs)
3.10 Antibiotic resistance genes (ABRs)
3.11 Future perspectives
3.12 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4 Direct reuse of wastewater: problem, challenge, and future direction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Various sources of water supply and sanitation in India
4.3 Wastewater management and water audits
4.4 Various applications for wastewater treatment in India
4.5 Various treatment systems used to treat wastewater
4.6 Prospects of wastewater reutilization
4.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Wastewater treatment plant's tracking of resistant bacteria and gene in wastewater
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology required for the treatment of reclaimed water
5.3 Chemical process
5.4 Materials and methods
5.5 Antibiotic resistivity test
5.6 Mechanism of antibiotics during recycling of water
5.7 Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
5.8 Disruption of cell membrane function
5.9 Inhibition of protein synthesis
5.10 Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
5.11 Action of antimetabolites
5.12 Antibiotic resistance
5.13 Decreased antibiotic penetration
5.14 Efflux pump
5.15 Change of target sites
5.16 Modifications of target site
5.17 Result and discussion
5.18 Discussion
5.19 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Techniques to stop spread and removal of resistance from wastewater
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Antibiotic resistance bacteria/superbugs
6.3 Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)
6.4 Mechanism of antibiotic resistance
6.5 Approaches to abate antibiotic resistance
6.6 Some broad steps in the antibiotic-resistance fight
6.7 Conclusion
Research challenge and future perspectives
Declarations Acknowledgments
Author contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
Chapter 7 Do's and don'ts of wastewater treatment, their reuse, and future directions
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Wastewater generation
7.3 Wastewater treatment
7.4 Wastewater reuse
7.5 Future directions
References
Chapter 8 Impact of waste treatment through genetic modification and reuse of treated water on human health
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Generation of waste and impact on human health
8.3 Waste treatment
8.4 Genetically modified organisms
8.5 Reuse of treated wastewater
8.6 Future prospects
8.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Genetically engineered microorganism to degrade waste and produce biofuels and other useful products
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Development of genetically modified organisms (GMO)
9.3 Waste degradation by genetically modified microbes
9.4 Conversion of biomass into value-added products
9.5 Future prospects and conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Human health hazards due to antimicrobial resistance spread
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Spread of antimicrobial resistance
10.3 Concern for microbial resistance
10.4 Health hazards due to bacteria and fungi
10.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Acquired knowledge and identified gaps in resistance and human health risk
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Unjustified use of antibiotics
11.3 Global picture of antibacterial resistance
11.4 Impact of drug resistance on human health
11.5 Strategies for its control
11.6 Future prospect
11.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Assessment and monitoring of human health risk during wastewater reuse
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hazard identification
12.3 Monitoring of human health hazards during wastewater reuse from various sources
12.4 Risk assessment in wastewater reuse
12.5 Strategies to minimize risks associated with wastewater reuse
12.6 Risks associated with wastewater reuse in COVID-19 pandemic
12.7 Conclusion
References
Index

Dharm Pal

Dr. Dharm Pal (PhD), is Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at NIT, Raipur with over 14 years of teaching and research experience. His research work is mainly focused on understanding the mechanism of reactive extraction of carboxylic acids involving mass transfer accompanied by chemical reaction and also its modeling and optimization. His other areas of expertise/interest include functional bio-nanocomposites, wastewater treatment, and antibiotic resistance. At present he and his research group are interested in developing smart (active & intelligent) food packaging materials. He has published over 81 research communications in various Journals & Conferences, including 40 SCI/Scopus indexed papers, is co-author of 4 books & 3 book chapters, editor of 2 conference proceedings & 1 Special Issue and filled 1 patent. At present he is on the editorial board of four peer reviewed international journals and recently received AUROPATH GLOBAL AWARDS 2019 for the “Excellence in Research” from Chief Minister Chhattisgarh.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India

Awanish Kumar

Dr. Awanish Kumar is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at the National Institute of Technology, Raipur (CG), India. He has more than 13 years of research experience. He received his PhD in molecular parasitology from the CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, and Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India, and completed his postdoctoral studies at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. His research interests are infection biology, drug targeting, and drug discovery. He has served on various national and international organizations in different academic and research capacities. He has also served on many national committees and scientific advisory panels, as a member of many international professional research societies, and as a reviewer and editorial board member of reputed and refereed journals. He has authored or edited several monographs, books, and book chapters.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health