Angiotensin

Angiotensin: From the Kidney to Coronavirus, a new volume in the Molecular Mediators in Health and Disease series, presents the communication role of the hormone in both health and disease states. Beyond the most common conditions, the book also explores the role of Angiotensin in infectious diseases, like COVID-19. Sections provide background to its discovery and role in homeostasis, focus on molecular biology aspects, including genetics and measurements of its associated proteins, describe the specific actions of angiotensin in normal physiology with different organ systems, survey different classes of drugs that act on the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cover non-angiotensin II peptides, and more.

The final part of the book is dedicated to angiotensin’s role in disease states, making this the ideal reference for researchers in life sciences interested in understanding the physiological role of Angiotensin in a complete fashion. Research physicians will also benefit from the book’s complete coverage of organ systems and diseases where Angiotensin plays a key role.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity by the central angiotensin system in heart failure
1. Introduction
2. Heart failure results in an increase in resting levels of sympathetic nerve activity
3. Role of angiotensin II
4. Actions of angiotensin II within the spinal cord
5. Conclusions
6. Future directions
Chapter 2. The contribution of angiotensin peptides to cardiovascular neuroregulation in health and disease
1. Introduction
2. The overview of renin–angiotensin system organization: cooperation of central and systemic renin–angiotensin system
3. Cooperation of the brain renin–angiotensin system with the autonomic nervous system: interactions with the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric systems
4. Role of the brain renin–angiotensin system in the regulation of water–electrolyte balance
5. Other effects of the brain renin–angiotension system affecting the cardiovascular regulation: role of renin–angiotension system in stress, depression, and COVID-19
6. Role of the brain renin–angiotensin system in cardiovascular regulation in hypertension
7. Role of brain renin–angiotensin in cardiovascular regulation in heart failure
8. Renin–angiotension system in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
9. Renin–angiotensin system in pathogenesis and outcome of myocardial infarction
10. Novel therapeutic perspectives of brain targeting renin–angiotensin system inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases
11. Conclusions and perspectives
Chapter 3. Renin–angiotensin system and inflammation
1. Introduction
2. The classic renin–angiotensin system axis
3. The counterregulatory renin–angiotensin system axis
4. Other renin–angiotensin system mediators
5. Evidence in human diseases
6. Future directions and perspectives
Chapter 4. Targeting renin–angiotensin system: a strategy for drug development against neurological disorders
1. Introduction
2. Renin–angiotensin system in brain
3. Drug development strategies targeting renin–angiotensin system
4. ACE2 activators
5. AT2R agonists
6. ACE inhibitors
7. AT1R blockers
8. Renin inhibitors
9. Conclusion
Chapter 5. Pharmacology of angiotensin in renovascular diseases
1. Introduction
2. RAAS in the glomerulus and tubular region: physiological and pathological considerations
3. Renovascular hypertension
4. Atheromatous renovascular disease
5. Ischemic renovascular disease
6. Diabetic nephropathy
7. Conclusion
8. Conflict of interest
Chapter 6. The role of angiotensins in the pathophysiology of human pregnancy
1. Introduction
2. The renin–angiotensin system
3. The circulating renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in normal pregnancy
4. The intrarenal RAS in pregnancy
5. The intrauterine renin–angiotensin system: placenta, fetal membranes, and decidua
6. The RAS and hypertension in pregnancy
7. The role of the RAS in regulating fetal growth
8. The RAS in gestational diabetes
9. Conclusions
Chapter 7. Hematopoietic bone marrow renin-angiotensin system in health and disease
1. Introduction
2. Local bone marrow renin–angiotensin system in hematopoiesis
3. Local bone marrow renin–angiotensin system in neoplastic hematopoiesis
4. Local bone marrow renin–angiotensin system in atherosclerosis
5. Local bone marrow renin–angiotensin system in hypertension
6. Local bone marrow renin–angiotensin system and COVID-19 syndrome
7. Conclusion and perspectives
Chapter 8. Angiotensin II as a mediator of renal fibrogenesis
1. Introduction
2. The intrarenal renin–angiotensin system
3. The renal renin–angiotensin system: much more complex than previously thought
4. Conclusion and future directions
Chapter 9. Angiotensin and atherosclerotic vascular disease
1. The global burden of the atherosclerotic vascular disease
2. Endothelial dysfunction
3. The renin–angiotensin system
4. The role of angiotensin in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic plaques
5. Interaction between angiotensin and other mediators of the atherosclerotic process
6. Angiotensin—clinical and therapeutical implications
Chapter 10. ACE2 in pulmonary diseases
1. Introduction
2. ACE2 and pulmonary hypertension
3. ACE2 and asthma
4. ACE2 and pulmonary fibrosis
5. ACE2 and lung cancer
6. ACE2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
7. ACE2 and acute lung injury
8. ACE2 and COVID-19
9. Role of ACE2 in lung repair and regeneration
Chapter 11. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors. New and old approaches
1. Introduction
2. Why new drugs for hypertension
3. Perspective
Chapter 12. Aspects of the intracellular renin–angiotensin system
1. Introduction
2. Kidney
3. Heart
4. Brain
5. Intracellular RAS ligands
6. Summary
Chapter 13. Interactions between the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and COVID-19: pharmacological interventions
1. Introduction
2. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system therapeutic venues in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection
3. Perspectives
Chapter 14. Angiotensin II and its action within the brain during hypertension
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Hypertension and angiotensin II
3. Angiotensin II increases blood–brain barrier disruption in hypertension
4. Angiotensin II, innate immune system, neuroinflammation, and hypertension
5. Angiotensin II and bradykinin system
6. Future perspectives
7. List of words/terms
Chapter 15. Morphological aspect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
1. Introduction
2. Overview of the RAS/RAAS cascade
3. ACE2 as a “functional receptor” during viral entry into cells
4. Localization of ACE2 in various tissues
5. Up- and downregulation of ACE2 and related diseases
6. Summary
Chapter 16. The renin-angiotensin system in the eye: implications on health and disease
1. Introduction
2. Human eye's anatomy and physiology
3. Renin–angiotensin system
4. Local renin–angiotensin system in the eye
5. Eye diseases and the local renin–angiotensin system
Chapter 17. Brain renin–angiotensin system in the injured brain: the role of astrocytes and microglia
1. The renin–angiotensin system and the brain renin–angiotensin system
2. Astrocytes are essential homeostatic cells in the CNS that respond to brain RAS activation
3. Reactive astrogliosis is a generic response to brain injury
4. Angiotensinogen expression in reactive astrocytes
5. AT1R and AT2R role in glial cells: the dichotomy in neuroinflammation
6. Angiotensin (1–7)/MasR pathway in the control of proinflammatory reactive gliosis
7. Conclusions and future directions
Chapter 18. Angiotensin and COVID-19
1. Introduction
2. SARS-CoV-2
3. ACE2
4. Genetic polymorphisms
5. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection
6. Perspective and future therapeutical strategy
7. Declaration
Chapter 19. Transgenic animal models for the functional analysis of ACE2
1. Introduction
2. Conclusions and future directions
Chapter 20. Role of angiotensin in different malignancies
1. Introduction
2. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
3. Clinical relevance of angiotensins in different cancers
4. Angiotensin receptor inhibition and reprogramming of tumor microenvironment
5. Inhibition of RAS components and impact on cancer progression
6. Challenges associated with angiotensin inhibitors
7. Perspectives
Chapter 21. ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/mas receptor axis in the central nervous system: physiology and pathophysiology
1. Introduction
2. ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/mas receptor axis in central nervous system physiology
3. ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/mas receptor axis in central nervous system pathophysiology
4. Concluding remarks
Chapter 22. The therapeutic potential of angiotensin-(1–7)
1. Introduction
2. Angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas1 receptor axis
3. Ang-(1–7)/Mas1 axis—a target for cancer drug development
4. Preclinical research
5. Clinical research
6. Future directions
7. Conclusions
Chapter 23. Angiotensin and pain
1. Introduction
2. Role of angiotensin and its major receptors (and associated signaling molecules) in pain
3. Outside the box: a link between RAS, thyroid hormones, and pain?
4. COVID-19, RAS, thyroid status, and pain
5. Concluding remarks
Chapter 24. The renin-angiotensin system, emotional stress and anxiety
1. Renin–angiotensin system and emotional stress: general aspects
2. RAS components as therapeutical targets for stress-associated conditions: potential strategies
3. Clinical evidence: should doctors prescribe AT1 receptor blockers and ACE inhibitors for stress-associated conditions?
4. Conclusions
Chapter 25. Angiotensins in obesity: focus on white adipose tissue
1. Introduction
2. Ang II: main functions in WAT
3. Ang (1–7): main functions in WAT
4. Additional angiotensins
Chapter 26. Angiotensin in the gut: roles in inflammatory bowel disease
1. Introduction
2. The renin–angiotensin system
3. Local renin–angiotensin system in the intestine
4. The renin–angiotensin system and inflammatory bowel disease
5. Perspectives
Chapter 27. The renin–angiotensin system in gastrointestinal functions
1. Introduction
2. RAS and gut motility
3. RAS and epithelial functions
4. Summary and conclusions
Chapter 28. Angiotensin in shock: experimental and clinical studies
1. Background
2. Experimental studies
3. Clinical studies
Chapter 29. Angiotensin II and astrocytes relevance in mental disorders
1. Introduction
2. Astrocytes in dopamine-related mental disorders
3. AT1-R in dopamine imbalance: our first evidence
4. Final considerations
Chapter 30. Angiotensin II and polycystic kidney disease
1. Introduction
2. Evidence of RAS dysregulation in PKD
3. Ang II cross-talk with cystogenic pathways
4. The role of Ang II in abnormal water and salt handling in PKD
5. The role of Ang II in extrarenal disease in PKD
6. ACE inhibitors/ARBs in clinical trials
7. Conclusion
8. Disclosure
Chapter 31. The role of angiotensin peptides in the brain during health and disease
1. Introduction
2. Angiotensin in the development of cognitive impairment
3. The role of angiotensin in the brain: contributions to memory, learning, and cognitive impairment
4. Modulation of the RAAS as a therapy for cognitive impairment and dementia
5. Conclusion
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Angiotensin

From the Kidney to Coronavirus

Purchase options

BLOOM INTO SPRING SAVINGS

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Paul M. Pilowsky

Related books