Andean Structural Styles

A Seismic Atlas

1st Edition - April 26, 2022
Editors: Gonzalo Zamora, Andrés Mora
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 1 7 5 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 9 5 8 - 5

Andean Structural Styles: A Seismic Atlas is a comprehensive reference illustrating the variability in structural styles and hydrocarbon traps that exist in the Andean chain. Th… Read more

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Andean Structural Styles: A Seismic Atlas is a comprehensive reference illustrating the variability in structural styles and hydrocarbon traps that exist in the Andean chain. The Andean chain, stretching over more than 5,000 km (3,000 mi) from Venezuela to Argentina, contains a large number of sedimentary basins which have developed in a wide range of tectonic settings. Some of these basins are highly mature, with hydrocarbon production from Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic sedimentary sequences, while others are still underexplored.

Andean Structural Styles: A Seismic Atlas covers topics including fold types, thrust faults, triangle zones, inversion structures, synorogenic deposits, and growth stratal geometries. These topics are illustrated by thirty-two seismic examples interpreted and uninterpreted, covering most of the Andean basins, and five chapters reviewing the structural styles of the Andes, the complexity of processing seismic in these settings, how analogue models help in the interpretation, and several outcrop analogues. This reference is invaluable to both hydrocarbon exploration of the Andes and researchers and students in the fields of exploration geology and structural geology. Also, those teaching structural geology and seismic interpretation will find a valuable resource with lots of uninterpreted seismic examples that can be used in their lectures.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Dedication
Dedication
In memoriam
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section I. Introduction
Chapter 1. Tectonic inheritance and structural styles in the Andean fold-thrust belt and foreland basin
Introduction
Tectonic framework
Rationale: tectonic inheritance
Andean structural styles
Summary and discussion
Chapter 2. Seismic imaging in fold-and-thrust belts
Introduction
Seismic signal processing
Seismic imaging
Summary
Chapter 3. Analogue modeling as a tool to assist seismic structural interpretation in the Andean fold-and-thrust belt
Introduction
Structural styles of the Andean Cordillera simulated by analogue modeling
Closing remarks
Section II. Field analog
Chapter 4. Folding of a weak boundary zone between an axial zone and a frontal belt, Chicamocha Valley, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Introduction: the geology of the northern part of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Chapter 5. Natural examples of regional-scale structures from the southern Central Andes and Patagonian Andes
Introduction
Thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts
Thick-skinned fold-and-thrust belts
Regional-scale folds: insights into hybrid thick- and thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts
Active thrust front
Superimposed structures from different deformational phases
Conclusions
Chapter 6. Outcrop-scale natural examples of structures from the southern Central Andes
Introduction
Outcrop-scale fault systems
Outcrop-scale folds
Conclusions
Section III. Colombia
Chapter 7. Thrust sequence in the Sinú Fold Belt (South Caribbean Deformed Belt), offshore northwestern Colombia
Introduction
Tectonosedimentary sequences
Thrusts and folds
Normal faults
Thrust timing
Conclusions
Chapter 8. Relationships between normal faulting, mud diapirism and thrusting in the trailing part of the Sinú Fold Belt (South Caribbean Deformed Belt), offshore Northwestern Colombia
Introduction
Normal faults
Reverse reactivation of normal faults and fault inactivity
Mud diapirs
Thrusts and related folds
Pliocene-Quaternary structural evolution
Conclusions
Chapter 9. Strike-slip fault zone in an oblique convergent margin: Bahia Basin, Caribbean margin of northern Colombia
Introduction
Seismic interpretation: time slices and profile seismic sections
Structural interpretation: right-lateral, vertical-axis block rotation and opening of a relay zone
Conclusions
Chapter 10. Structural styles of the Upper Magdalena valley, Northern Andes, Colombia: case studies
Introduction
The northern area of the Upper Magdalena Valley
The southern area of the Upper Magdalena Valley, Neiva Syncline
Conclusions
Chapter 11. Forelimb deformation in basement uplifts. Example from the Sierra de la Macarena, Colombia
Introduction
Geological setting
Data and methods
Seismic observations
Time to depth conversion
Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 12. Seismic expression of transpressional thick-skinned deformation in the southern foothills of Colombia
Introduction
Seismic observations from the Guamal 3D seismic line
Structural interpretation of the Guamal 3D seismic line: Positive inversion along footwall shortcuts
Seismic observations from the Chichimene 3D seismic line
Structural interpretation of the Chichimene 3D seismic line
Seismic observations and structural interpretation from the Castilla 3D seismic line
Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 13. Structural styles and evolution of the Colombian Eastern foothills Piedemonte triangle zone
Introduction
Surface geology and stratigraphy
Seismic and well data observations
Seismic interpretation
Structural interpretation
Evolutionary model
Conclusions
Chapter 14. Seismic and structural analysis of the San Francisco oil field (Colombia). Structural controls on a complex hydrocarbon charge history
Introduction
Geological setting
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Conclusions
Chapter 15. La Cira Basement-high; Middle Magdalena Valley Basin, Colombia
Introduction
Seismic interpretation
Kinematic restoration
Alternative models for the La Cira Basement-high
Conclusions
Chapter 16. Regional structure, trap mechanisms, and basin evolution of the Middle Magdalena Basin of Colombia
Introduction
The northern segment of the Middle Magdalena Basin
The southern segment of the Middle Magdalena Basin
Conclusions
Chapter 17. Structural styles of the southern Putumayo Foreland Basin, northern Andes, Colombia
Introduction
Sub-Andean domain
Proximal Foredeep domain
External Foredeep domain
Conclusions
Section IV. Ecuador
Chapter 18. An appraisal of basin development at the trailing edge of the Northern Andes, SW Ecuador–NW Peru
Introduction
Basin configuration
Chapter 19. The Manabí and Esmeraldas-Borbón forearc basins of Ecuador
Introduction
Geological background
Data set
Workflow
Seismic stratigraphy
Structural style
Discussion
Conclusions
Section V. Peru
Chapter 20. Situche Complex, Marañon Basin, Peru
Introduction
Seismic profile PK 2001 (Situche South)
Seismic Profiles through Situche Central and Situche North
Conclusions
Chapter 21. Large transport thrust in the Huallaga sub-Basin (northern Peruvian sub-Andean zone)
Introduction
Regional geology of the Huallaga sub-Basin
Surface geology
Seismic observations
Subsurface structural interpretation
Structural model
Kinematic evolution model
Conclusions
Chapter 22. The San Martín Anticline: a classic example of a fault-bend fold in the Camisea fold and thrust belt, Central Andes, Perú
Introduction
Methodology
Regional setting: Gran Camisea subbasin
San Martín Anticline
Conclusions
Chapter 23. The Sagari-Kinteroni Anticline: an example of an out-of-sequence tectonic wedge in the Camisea area, Peru
Introduction
Regional overview
Structural interpretation of the Sagari-Kinteroni anticline
Structural evolution model
Summary
Chapter 24. The Candamo antiformal stack, Madre de Dios Basin, Peru
Introduction
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Conclusions
Section VI. Bolivia
Chapter 25. Fault-related fold evolution in the Bolivian Northern Sub-Andean Zone
Introduction
Regional geology of the Bolivian Northern Sub-Andean Zone
Surface geology
Seismic observations and structural interpretation
North–South fold evolution
Conclusion
Chapter 26. Transition from thin-to thick-skinned tectonics: example from the Boomerang Hills, Bolivia
Introduction
Geological setting
Seismic analysis
Structure
Kinematic model
Conclusion
Chapter 27. Structural interpretation in the Bolivian southern Sub-Andean: from surface to hydrocarbon prospect generation
Introduction
Geological context
Direct constraints
Indirect constraints
Structural interpretation and forward model
Conclusions
Chapter 28. Seismic interpretation challenges in the southern Subandean fold and thrust belt of Bolivia
Introduction
Geological setting
Seismic quality
Statistical curvature analysis techniques (SCAT)
Seismic interpretation
Restoration
Forward modeling and deformation chronology
Concluding remarks
Chapter 29. Thin skin fold belt structural style in the Argentinean–Bolivian Subandean foothills: the Madrejones Anticline example
Introduction
Madrejones Anticline
Timing of deformation and genesis of the Madrejones Anticline
Conclusions
Section VII. Argentina
Chapter 30. Structural styles of the Villa Unión-San Isidro basement-involved fold and thrust belt, northern Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin province of La Rioja, Argentina
Introduction and regional tectonic setting
Stratigraphy of the study area
Seismic-reflection interpretation and depth conversion
Structural interpretation
Conclusions
Chapter 31. Structural styles, tectonic evolution, and petroleum systems of transverse pre-Andean structures: examples from the Cuyo and Neuquén basins
Introduction
Los Tordillos half-graben
Río Negro fault
Conclusions
Chapter 32. Structure beneath the southern Payenia volcanic field, Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Introduction
Seismic data
Western sector
Central sector
Eastern sector
Conclusions
Chapter 33. Structural development in the frontal Malargüe fold and thrust belt, Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Introduction
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Forward modeling
Conclusions
Chapter 34. Interpreting a complex triangle zone in the Agrio fold thrust belt, Neuquén Basin. Argentina
Introduction
Statistical curvature analysis technique (SCAT)
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Conclusions
Chapter 35. Exploration in a thick to thin-skinned transition: Faja Plegada triangle zone. Neuquén, Argentina
Introduction
Geological overview of the Chos Malal FTB (Argentina)
Discussions on the kinematic model
Conclusions
Chapter 36. Foothills structure of the Andes of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina and Chile
Introduction
Regional setting
Regional stratigraphy
Structure
Foothills structure
Conclusions
Section VIII. Chile
Chapter 37. Inverted structures in the western Central Andes thrust belt front
Introduction
Geological background
Structural interpretation
Structural evolution
Conclusions
Chapter 38. Interaction between inverted normal and reverse faults in the inner forearc of the Central Andes: an example from the Salar de Atacama Basin
Introduction
Geological background
Seismic data
Structural interpretation
Structural evolution
Conclusions
Index

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Andean Structural Styles

A Seismic Atlas

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Gonzalo Zamora

Andrés Mora