Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes
From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles
- 1st Edition - November 14, 2016
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Authors: Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, I. Gene Gillman, Stephen S. Hecht, Riccardo Polosa, Jonathan Thornburg
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 1 2 4 1 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 1 2 4 2 - 7
A volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Analytical Assessment of E-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles addresses the ma… Read more
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A volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Analytical Assessment of E-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles addresses the many issues surrounding electronic cigarettes in an unprecedented level of scientific detail. The plethora of product devices, formulations, and flavors, combined with the lack of industry standards and labeling requirements, quality control, and limited product oversight, has given rise to public concern about initiation of use and potential for adverse exposure and negative long-term health outcomes. This volume discusses how analytical methods can address these issues and support the manufacturing, labeling, distribution, testing, regulation, and monitoring for consistency of products with known chemical content and demonstrated performance characteristics.
The book begins with the background on aerosol drug delivery services and e-cigarettes, constituents of nicotine-containing liquid dosing formulations, typical use scenarios and associated aerosol emissions, and chemical exposures and pharmacological and toxicological effect profiles, and then continues with descriptions of the analytical methods used to characterize the chemicals in formulations and emissions from e-cigarettes, including their stability, physical particle-size distribution and thermal degradation under commonly employed conditions of use.
Analytical methods enabling detection of biomarkers of exposure and harm in complex biological matrices are discussed, with an emphasis on constituents or emissions of current medicinal interest or with potential to produce harm. Opportunities and challenges for analytical chemistry in supporting the continued development and use of safe and consistent dosage formulations as alternatives to tobacco products are also explored, with a concluding section describing an analytical approach to a risk-benefit assessment of e-cigarette use on human health.
The Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series is published in partnership with RTI International and edited by Brian F. Thomas. Please be sure to check out our other featured volumes:
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- Discusses the chemistry and physics involved in aerosol production, inhalation, deposition, chemical exposure, and effect assessment
- Contains current information and state-of-the-science methods on e-cigarette emissions, exposures, and harm assessment
- Offers an authoritative, objective perspective from five of the most well-recognized scientists in their areas of expertise who have no personal stake in the e-cigarette industry or the opposition
- Includes a foreword written by Dr. Neal Benowitz
Broad global audience including analytical chemists, pharmacologists, medical doctors, tobacco stakeholders, manufacturers, distributors, users, legislators and their staffs, regulatory scientists and administrators, and public health officials
- Dedication
- List of Contributors
- Foreword
- Chapter 1. Introduction to e-Cigarettes
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Invention and Evolution of e-Cigarettes
- Tobacco Harm Reduction and e-Cigarettes
- Research on e-Cigarettes
- References
- Chapter 2. Analytical Testing of e-Cigarette Aerosol
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Nicotine in Liquids
- Compounds of Regulatory Concern Liquids
- Contaminants in Liquids
- Analytical Generation of ENDS Aerosol
- Impact of Puff Profile on ENDS Yield
- Compounds of Concern in ENDS Aerosol
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3. Exposures to e-Cigarette Vapor
- Abstract
- Introduction
- e-Cigarette Constituent Apportionment
- Measurement Methods
- User Exposure
- Secondhand and Tertiary Exposures
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4. Biomarkers for Assessment of Chemical Exposures From e-Cigarette Emissions
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Biomarkers of Exposure in Cigarette Smokers
- Biomarkers of Exposure in e-Cigarette Users
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 5. Review of Compounds of Regulatory Concern
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Tobacco Cigarette Regulation
- e-Cigarette Regulation
- Composition of e-Cigarette Liquids
- Flavoring Compounds of Possible Regulatory Concern for e-Cigarettes
- e-Cigarette Emissions as a Regulatory Issue
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6. Potential Impact of e-Cigarette Usage on Human Health
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Acute Studies—Respiratory System
- Acute Studies—Cardiovascular System
- Long-Term Studies—Respiratory System
- Long-Term Studies—Cardiovascular System
- Long-Term Studies—Body Weight
- References
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 14, 2016
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Language: English
KF
Konstantinos E. Farsalinos
Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, M.D., is a research fellow at the Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center in Athens, Greece, and at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Greece. He has been conducting laboratory and clinical research on e-cigarettes as a principal investigator since 2011. Examples of his work include the first study on the cytotoxic effects of e-cigarette vapor on cultured cells and the immediate effects of e-cigarette use on cardiac function and coronary circulation. He ran a worldwide online survey of almost 20,000 vapers (users of e-cigarettes) identifying patterns of use and experience with e-cigarettes among consumers, published in 2014. He has presented his research findings at major international scientific congresses and his research was used in preparing the regulatory framework on e-cigarettes by the European Union. As of 2016, he has published more than 40 studies and articles in international peer-reviewed scientific journals about smoking, tobacco harm reduction, and e-cigarettes.
Affiliations and expertise
Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece; Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, GreeceIG
I. Gene Gillman
Gene Gillman received his PhD in Chemistry from Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He is now Laboratory Director at Enthalpy Analytical, Inc., Durham, North Carolina. He has considerable experience in investigating the constituents and chemistry of tobacco smoke, and in developing and validating relevant LC, LC-MS, GC-MS, and biological based test methods. He brings experience from both the cigarette manufacturing and tobacco testing contract research organization perspectives to his work with domestic and international study groups and trade organizations.
Affiliations and expertise
Enthalpy Analytical, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USASH
Stephen S. Hecht
Stephen Hecht received his PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is currently the Wallin Land Grant Professor of Cancer Prevention, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at the University of Minnesota. His research interests include mechanisms of metabolic activation and DNA modification by carcinogens in tobacco products and the human environment, and application of this knowledge to cancer prevention. His laboratory focuses on the properties of carcinogenic nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and aldehydes. Using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and related techniques, he has developed analytical methods for quantitation of carcinogen and toxicant metabolites and DNA adducts in laboratory animals and in human urine, blood, and tissues. These biomarkers are applied in collaborative clinical and epidemiologic studies. Stable isotope-labelled carcinogens and their analogues are employed in tobacco users to track individual differences in metabolism. The effects of naturally occurring potentially cancer-chemopreventive compounds on carcinogen metabolism in humans are also investigated. Among his numerous distinctions, Dr. Hecht has authored or co-authored over 700 peer-reviewed research publications, is Editor-in-Chief of Chemical Research in Toxicology, and in 2014 was named an American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow.
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USARP
Riccardo Polosa
Riccardo Polosa is the Director of the Institute for Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology of the University of Catania, Italy. He is also in charge of the University's Centre for Tobacco Research (CPCT) and is Honorary Professor of Medicine at University of Southampton, UK. An internationally recognized leader in the field of clinical bronchoprovocation (airway-challenge studies), he has published more than 250 peer-reviewed articles and books, mainly on respiratory medicine, clinical immunology, and tobacco addiction. After many years of service as President of the Italian Anti-Smoking League (LIAF: Lega Italiana Anti Fumo), he now serves as its Chief Scientific Advisor.
Affiliations and expertise
Institute for Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology and Centre for Tobacco Research (CPCT), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKJT
Jonathan Thornburg
Jonathan Thornburg received his PhD in aerosol physics and engineering from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is Director of Exposure and Aerosol Technology at RTI International. His research interests over several decades involve four key areas of expertise: (1) development of aerosol exposure instrumentation, (2) aerosol exposure modelling, (3) understanding the physical and chemical properties of aerosols and (4) understanding aerosol fate and transport in outdoor and indoor environments. These cornerstones are applied in laboratory and field studies to effectively research the entire exposure-dose-response paradigm. He recently led a study of e-cigarette emissions characteristics and the potential for second-hand exposure. The study found that emissions are a mixture of nanometer-size particles and vapors composed of the carrier liquid, nicotine, flavorings, and artificial colors. Respiratory deposition modelling predicted that more than half of the emissions are exhaled into the ambient air by the user, so the potential for second-hand exposure is high.
Affiliations and expertise
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USARead Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes on ScienceDirect