Analysis of Sterols and Other Biologically Significant Steroids

Contributors

Preface


1. Isolation and Primary Characterization of Sterols

I. Introduction

II. Extraction of Sterols

III. Chromatographie Isolation and Purification of Sterol Subclasses

IV. Chromatographie Separation of Individual Sterols from Sterol Subclasses

V. Primary Characterization of Sterols

VI. Quantitative Analysis of Sterols

VII. Conclusions

References


2. Analysis of Steryl Esters

I. Introduction

II. Extraction of Lipid from Sample Material

III. Separation of Steryl Esters from Total Lipid

IV. Detection of Steryl Esters

V. Analysis of Steryl Esters by Gas Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and Mass Spectrometry

References


3. Analysis of Steryl Glycosldes

I. Introduction

II. Extraction

III. Separation

IV. Mass Spectrometry

V. Biosynthesis

References


4. Analysis of Brassinosteroids, Antheridiol, and Oogoniols

I. Introduction

II. Brassinolide

III. Antheridiol and Oogoniols

IV. Conclusion

References


5. Analysis of Free and Conjugated Ecdysteroids and Polar Metabolites of Insects

I. Introduction

II. Use of Radiolabeled Precursors in Ecdysteroid Research

III. Isolation and Purification of Free and Conjugated Ecdysteroids

IV. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

V. Physicochemical Methods of Characterization

VI. Conclusions

References


6. Analysis of Spirostans, Spirosoianes, and Soianidanes

I. Introduction

II. Chromatographie Analysis

III. Spectroscopic Methods

IV. Summary

References


7. Analysis of Steroid Sapogenins

I. Introduction

II. Qualitative Analysis (Coloration) and Detection

III. Extraction and Separation of Crude Sapogenols and Saponins

IV. Spectroscopic Analysis of Sapogenols and Saponins

References


8. Analysis of Oxysterols

I. Introduction

II. Isolation and Purification

III. Chromatographie Analysis

IV. Spectroscopic Methods

V. Summary

References


9. Lipoprotein Analysis

I. Introduction

II. Lipoprotein Structure and Sterol Content

III. Isolation of Lipoproteins

IV. Methods of Sterol Analysis

V. Analysis of Whole Plasma or Serum

VI. Analysis of Individual Plasma Lipoprotein Classes

VII. Analysis of Lymph and Milk Lipoproteins

VIII. Analysis of Artificial Lipoproteins

IX. Summary and Interpretation

References


10. Steroid Conformational Analyses Based on X-Ray Structure Determination

I. Introduction

II. Progesterone Side-Chain Conformation

III. Cholesterol Conformation

IV. 4-en-3-one A-Ring Conformation

References


11. Mass Spectral Identification of Phytosterols

I. General Comments

II. Fragmentation of the Steroid Nucleus

III. Fragmentation of the Side Chain: Sterols with Unsaturated Side Chains

IV. Influence of the Presence of Methyls at the C4 and C14α Positions on the Relative Intensities of the Fragmentation Pattern of Sterols

V. Conclusion

References


12. 13C-NMR Spectral Identification of Sterols

I. Introduction

II. Methods for Signal Assignments

III. 13C Chemical-Shift Data of Sterols

References


13. Identification of Sterols and Biologically Significant Steroids by Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectroscopy

I. Introduction

II. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy

III. Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

References


14. Raman Spectra of Steroids

I. Introduction

II. Structural Correlation Charts

III. Fluocortolone Derivatives

IV. Nonconjugated Olefinic Steroids

V. Cholesterols

VI. Sapogenins

VII. Conclusions

References


15. Physicochemical Determinations of Sterols by Deuterium and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

I. Introduction

II. Principles of the Methods

III. Order Parameters

IV. Motional Rates via Relaxation Times

V. Conclusion

References


16. Use of the Fluorescent Sterols Cholestatrienol and Dehydroergosterol to Monitor Cholesterol Behavior in Membranes and Serum Lipoproteins

I. Introduction

II. Dehydroergosterol and Cholestatrienol: Synthesis, Purification, Characterization, and Structure

III. Spectral Properties of Dehydroergosterol and Cholestatrienol

IV. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurements

V. Biological Properties of Dehydroergosterol and Cholestatrieno

VI. Use of Dehydroergosterol and Cholestatrienol to Monitor Cholesterol Behavior in Model Membranes

VII. Dehydroergosterol and Cholestatrienol as Probes to Monitor Cholesterol Behavior in Biological Membranes

VIII. Use of Dehydroergosterol and Cholestatrienol in the Study of Cholesterol Interactions with Sterol Carrier Proteins

IX. Use of Dehydroergosterol and Cholestatrienol in Studies of Serum Lipoproteins

X. Circular Dichroism of Dehydroergosterol

XI. Summary

References

Index