Aminoff's Neurology and General Medicine

6th Edition - January 29, 2021
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Michael J. Aminoff, S. Andrew Josephson
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 3 0 6 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 3 0 7 - 5

Aminoff’s Neurology and General Medicine, Sixth Edition is the standard and classic reference providing comprehensive coverage of the relationship between neurologic practice and g… Read more

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Aminoff’s Neurology and General Medicine, Sixth Edition is the standard and classic reference providing comprehensive coverage of the relationship between neurologic practice and general medicine. As neurologists are asked to consult on general medical conditions, this reference provides an authoritative tool linking general medical conditions to specific neurologic issues and disorders. This is also a valuable tool for the general practitioner seeking to understand the neurologic aspects of their medical practice.

Completely revised with new chapters covering neurologic complications of immunotherapies, headache and general medical disorders, back and neck pain in general medical disorders, swallowing and speech disorders, and neurological changes in the elderly, this new edition will again be the go-to reference for both neurologists and general practitioners.

Cover image
Title Page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface to the Sixth Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Section 1: Respiratory and Cardiovascular Disorders
Chapter 1. Breathing and the Nervous System
Abstract
Physiology of Breathing
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function
Patterns of Respiratory Dysfunction
Respiratory Dysfunction from Neurologic Disorders
Disorders of Breathing Associated with Sleep
Neurologic Effects of Respiratory Dysfunction
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 2. Neurologic Complications of Aortic Disease and Surgery
Abstract
Clinical Neurologic Syndromes due to Aortic Pathology
Aortic Diseases and Surgery
References
Chapter 3. Neurologic Complications of Cardiac Surgery
Abstract
Neurologic Sequelae of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Neurologic Sequelae of Extracorporeal Circulation
Neurologic Sequelae of Cardiac Valvular Surgery
Preoperative Prevention of Neurologic Complications
Neurologic Sequelae of Cardiac Transplantation
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4. Neurologic Complications of Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiac Surgery in Children
Abstract
Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Neurologic Manifestations of Brain Dysfunction
References
Chapter 5. Neurologic Manifestations of Acquired Cardiac Disease and Arrhythmias
Abstract
Introduction
Cardioembolic Stroke
Cardiac Causes of Ischemic Stroke
Management of Cardiogenic Brain Embolism
Syncope
Cardiomyopathies with Associated Neurologic Manifestations
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6. Neurologic Manifestations of Infective Endocarditis
Abstract
Epidemiology of Neurologic Complications
Pathophysiology of Neurologic Complications
Risk Factors for Neurologic Complications
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Treatment of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Cerebral Infection
Other Neurologic Complications
Suggested Management Algorithm
Prognosis
Concluding Comments
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7. Neurologic Complications of Hypertension
Abstract
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Treatment
Stroke
Cerebral Aneurysms
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Lacunar Infarct
Periventricular White Matter Disease
Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy
Carotid Artery Stenosis
Intracranial Atherosclerosis
Aortic Arch Atherosclerosis
Cardiac Embolus
Dementia
Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Eclampsia
Immunosuppression
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8. Dysautonomia, Postural Hypotension, and Syncope
Abstract
Non-Neurologic Causes of Postural Hypotension
Autonomic Regulation of the Heart and Blood Vessels
Neurologic Causes of Postural Hypotension
Symptoms of Dysautonomia
Evaluation of Autonomic Function
Patient Management
References
Chapter 9. Neurologic Complications of Cardiac Arrest
Abstract
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Targeted Temperature Management
Prognostic Determination
Ethical Considerations
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10. Cardiac Manifestations of Acute Neurologic Lesions
Abstract
Historical Perspective
Anatomy and Physiology
Mechanism of Neurocardiogenic Injury
Cardiac Manifestations of Global Neurologic Injury
Cardiac Manifestations of Focal Neurologic Injury
Epilepsy and Trauma
Cardiac Evaluation
Clinical Management
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 11. Stroke as a Complication of General Medical Disorders
Abstract
Hypertension
Blood Lipids
Diabetes Mellitus
Homocysteine
Cardiac Disease and Stroke
Women’s Health and Stroke
Hematologic Disorders
Infections
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Oncology and Stroke
Migraine and Stroke
Drugs and Strokes
Genetics of Stroke
References
Section 2: Gastrointestinal Tract and Related Disorders
Chapter 12. Hepatic and Pancreatic Encephalopathy
Abstract
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Pancreatic Encephalopathy
References
Chapter 13. Other Neurologic Disorders Associated with Gastrointestinal Disease
Abstract
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Hepatic Disorders
References
Chapter 14. Disturbances of Gastrointestinal Motility and the Nervous System
Abstract
Interactions Between the Extrinsic Nervous System and the Gut
Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Neurologic Disorders
Extrinsic Neurologic Disorders Causing Gut Dysmotility
General Muscle Diseases Causing Gut Dysmotility
Identification of Extrinsic Neurologic Disease with Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Dysmotility
Management of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders
Concluding Comments
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 15. Neurologic Manifestations of Nutritional Disorders
Abstract
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Folate Deficiency
Copper Deficiency
Vitamin E Deficiency
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Deficiency
Pyridoxine (B6) Deficiency
Niacin Deficiency
Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin D Deficiency
Lathyrism
Konzo
References
Section 3: Renal and Electrolyte Disorders
Chapter 16. Neurologic Dysfunction and Kidney Disease
Abstract
Uremic Encephalopathy
Uremic Neuropathy
Restless Legs Syndrome
Other Movement Disorders
Uremic Myopathy
Stroke
Optic Neuropathy
Neurologic Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome
Neurologic Complications of Dialysis
Complications of Transplantation
Hereditary Disorders of the Nervous System and Kidneys
References
Chapter 17. Neurologic Complications of Electrolyte Disturbances
Abstract
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Acknowledgment
References
Section 4: Endocrine Disorders
Chapter 18. Thyroid Disease and the Nervous System
Abstract
Neurologic Complications of Hypothyroidism
Neurologic Complications of Hyperthyroidism and Graves Disease
Miscellaneous Associations Between Neurologic Disorders and Thyroid Dysfunction
References
Chapter 19. Diabetes and the Nervous System
Abstract
Neurologic Features of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
Peripheral Neuropathies
Central Nervous System Complications
Neuropathic Pain
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 20. Sex Hormone, Pituitary, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Disorders and the Nervous System
Abstract
Sex Hormones and the Nervous System
Pituitary Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Adrenal Glands
Acknowledgments
References
Section 5: Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 21. The Skin and Neurologic Disease
Abstract
Tumors
Stroke
Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis
Intermittent Encephalopathies
Dementia
Seizure Disorders
Ataxia
Myelopathy
Peripheral Neuropathy
Myopathy
References
Section 6: Bone and Joint Disease
Chapter 22. Neurologic Disorders Associated With Bone and Joint Disease
Abstract
Degenerative Disease of the Spine
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Neurogenic Claudication
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Osteopetrosis
Paget Disease of Bone
Vertebral Osteomyelitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Relapsing Polychondritis
References
Section 7: The Ears, Eyes, and Related Systems
Chapter 23. Otoneurologic Manifestations of Otologic and Systemic Disease
Abstract
Neurologic Manifestations of Otologic Disease
Otoneurologic Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Neuro-Otologic Manifestations of Aging
References
Chapter 24. Neuro-Ophthalmology in Medicine
Abstract
Afferent Visual Disturbances
Efferent Visual Disturbances
The Pupil
Acknowledgment
References
Section 8: Hematologic and Neoplastic Disease
Chapter 25. Neurologic Manifestations of Hematologic Disorders
Abstract
Anemia
Rare Neurologic Syndromes and Red Cell Abnormalities
Proliferative Disorders
Neurologic Complications of Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Coagulation Disorders
References
Chapter 26. Metastatic Disease and the Nervous System
Abstract
Metastases to the Central Nervous System and Related Structures
Metastases to the Peripheral Nervous System
Metastases to Muscles
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 27. Paraneoplastic and Nonparaneoplastic Autoimmune Syndromes of the Nervous System
Abstract
General Considerations
Specific Syndromes
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 28. Neurologic Complications of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Abstract
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Acknowledgment
References
Section 9: Genitourinary System and Pregnancy
Chapter 29. Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and the Nervous System
Abstract
Neurologic Control of the Bladder
Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction
Diagnostic Evaluation
Investigations
Complications of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction
Management of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction
References
Chapter 30. Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Neurologic Disorders
Abstract
Sexual Function and the Nervous System
Evaluation of Patients With Sexual Dysfunction and Neurologic Disorders
Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Neurologic Disease
Therapy
Neurologic Problems Associated With Sexual Activity
Concluding Comments
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 31. Pregnancy and Disorders of the Nervous System
Abstract
Epilepsy
Migraine
Tumors
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Cerebrovascular Disease
Infections
Metabolic and Toxic Disorders
Movement Disorders
Multiple Sclerosis
Optic Neuritis
Traumatic Paraplegia
Root and Plexus Lesions
Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Myasthenia Gravis
Myotonic Dystrophy
Eclampsia and Pre-Eclampsia
References
Section 10: Toxic, Environmental, and Traumatic Disorders
Chapter 32. Drug-Induced Disorders of the Nervous System
Abstract
Headache
Stroke
Seizures
Encephalopathy
Drug-Induced Coma
Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Movement Disorders
Cerebellar Syndromes
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Serotonin Syndrome
Ototoxicity
Visual Disorders
Disorders of Taste and Smell
Spinal Disorders
Autonomic Disorders
Peripheral Neuropathies
Neuromuscular Transmission Disorders
Muscle Disorders
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 33. Alcohol and the Nervous System
Abstract
Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal
Disorders of Cognition
Alcoholic Cerebellar Degeneration
Central Pontine and Extrapontine Myelinolysis
Alcohol-Related Neuropathy
Alcohol-Related Myopathy
Alcohol and Stroke
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 34. Neurologic Complications of Recreational Drugs
Abstract
Cocaine
Methamphetamines
Bath Salts and Flakka
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate
Sedative-Hypnotics
Opiates
Hallucinogens
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Antagonists
Dextromethorphan
Nitrous Oxide
Marijuana and Related Compounds
Infectious Complications of Injection Drug Use
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 35. Neurotoxin Exposure in the Workplace
Abstract
Manifestations of Occupational Neurotoxic Disorders
Screening At-Risk Workers
Selected Neurotoxic Disorders
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 36. Abnormalities of Thermal Regulation and the Nervous System
Abstract
Thermoregulatory System
Causes of Abnormal Thermoregulation
Effects of Temperature on the Nervous System
Manifestations and Management of Abnormal Thermoregulation
Therapeutic Hypothermia
References
Chapter 37. Concussion
Abstract
Definitions and Epidemiology
Pathophysiology and Biomarkers
Clinical Approach
Subsequent Development of Neurodegenerative Disease
Concluding Comments
References
Section 11: Infections, Inflammatory, and Immunologic Disorders
Chapter 38. Acute Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System
Abstract
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Brain Abscess
Subdural Empyema and Cranial Epidural Abscess
Spinal Epidural Abscess
Septic Intracranial Thrombophlebitis
References
Chapter 39. Spirochetal Infections of the Nervous System
Abstract
Syphilis
Lyme Disease
References
Chapter 40. Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System
Abstract
Meningitis
Tuberculoma
Spinal Tuberculous Arachnoiditis
Therapy
Prognosis and Outcome
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 41. Leprosy
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Host Factors
Bacterial Factors
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnostic Studies
Mycobacterial Treatment
Leprosy Reactions
Leprosy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Prevention
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 42. Nervous System Complications of Systemic Viral Infections
Abstract
Pathogenesis of Viral Central Nervous System Infections
Viral Meningitis
Viral Encephalitis
Prion Diseases
SARS-CoV-2
Postinfectious Complications of Central Nervous System Viral Infection
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 43. HIV and Other Retroviral Infections of the Nervous System
Abstract
HIV Beyond the Immune System
HIV in the Nervous System
Neurologic Dysfunction in the Setting of Antiretroviral Therapy
Neurologic Dysfunction in Antiretroviral-Naïve Patients
Spinal Cord Disease Associated With HIV Infection
HIV-Associated Peripheral Neuropathies
Muscle Disorders and HIV Infection
Infection With Human T-Lymphocytic Virus Type I
References
Chapter 44. Neurologic Complications of Transplantation and Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract
Neurologic Complications Common to All Transplantation Types
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Solid Organ Transplantation
Complications of IMMUNOMODULATORY Therapies
References
Chapter 45. Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System
Abstract
Pathogens
Host Factors
Cryptococcus neoformans and gattii
Coccidioides immitis and posadasii
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Sporothrix schenckii
Talaromyces marneffei
Candida Species
Aspergillus Species
Mucormycosis
Scedosporium Species
Phaeohyphomycosis
Hyalohyphomycosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Chapter 46. Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System
Abstract
Protozoan Infections
Helminthic Infection
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 47. Chronic Meningitis
Abstract
Definition
Approach
Infectious Causes of Chronic Meningitis
Inflammatory Causes of Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
Drug-Induced Meningitis
Recurrent Meningitis
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 48. Neurologic Complications of Vaccination
Abstract
Historic Background
Types of Vaccines
Neurologic Complications of Vaccination
Emerging Viruses
Therapeutic Vaccination
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 49. Sarcoidosis of the Nervous System
Abstract
Sarcoidosis
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Neurologic Manifestations
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Immunosuppressive and Immunomodulatory Treatments
General Supportive Care
Prognosis
References
Chapter 50. Connective Tissue Diseases, Vasculitis, and the Nervous System
Abstract
Connective Tissue Diseases
Vasculitis
Acknowledgment
References
Section 12: Sleep and Its Disorders
Chapter 51. Neurologic Aspects of Sleep Medicine
Abstract
Sleep Physiology
Circadian Neurobiology
Neuroanatomy of Sleep
Approach to the Patient With Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Hypersomnias
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
Parasomnias
Sleep Disorders in Patients with Neurologic Disorders
References
Section 13: Psychogenic Disorders
Chapter 52. Functional (Psychogenic) Neurologic Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical Features of Functional Neurologic Disorders
Diagnostic Criteria
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Treatment
References
Section 14: Imaging and Perioperative Care
Chapter 53. Neurologic Complications of Imaging Procedures
Abstract
Ionizing Radiation
Complications of Intravenous Injection of Contrast Material
Noninvasive Imaging Procedures
Spinal Procedures
Angiography
Embolization and Stenting Procedures
References
Chapter 54. Preoperative and Postoperative Care of Patients with Neurologic Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Movement Disorders
Multiple Sclerosis
Delirium and Dementia
Headache
Seizures and Epilepsy
Neuromuscular Disorders
Perioperative Stroke
References
Chapter 55. Neurologic Disorders and Anesthesia
Abstract
Perioperative Mental Status Changes
Postoperative Neurologic Deficits
Perioperative Rigidity
Perioperative Seizures
Perioperative Headache
Anesthesia in Patients With Neurologic Disease
Anesthesia in the Neurocritical Care Unit
References
Section 15: Critical Illness and General Medical Disorders
Chapter 56. Neurologic Complications in Critically Ill Patients
Abstract
Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy
Neuromuscular Conditions in Critically Ill Patients
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 57. Seizures and General Medical Disorders
Abstract
Renal Failure
Hepatic Disease
Cardiac Disease
Seizures in Critically Ill Patients
Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases and Epilepsy
Hepatic Porphyrias
Seizures in Transplant Recipients
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Seizures
Seizures Associated With Systemic Cancer
Endocrine or Metabolic Disorders
Seizures Related to Alcohol, Medications, and Recreational Drugs
Cerebral Trauma, Seizures, and Epilepsy
References
Chapter 58. Movement Disorders Associated With General Medical Diseases
Abstract
Chorea, Ballism, and Dystonia
Myoclonus
Tremor
Parkinsonism
References
Chapter 59. Headache in General Medical Conditions
Abstract
Association of Headache and General Medical Illness
Specific Medical Diseases and Headaches
General Considerations in Addressing Headaches in the Elderly
Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 60. Neuromuscular Complications of General Medical Disorders
Abstract
Disorders of the Motor Neuron
Radiculopathy
Disorders of Posterior Root Ganglia
Plexopathy
Peripheral Neuropathy
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
Myopathy
Rhabdomyolysis and Myoglobinuria
References
Chapter 61. Disorders of Consciousness in Systemic Diseases
Abstract
Consciousness
Mechanisms of Impaired Consciousness in Specific Diseases
Approach to Patients With Disordered Consciousness
Prognosis
Brain Death
Vegetative and Minimally Conscious States
References
Chapter 62. Dementia and Systemic Disease
Abstract
Causes of Dementia
Systemic Complications of Dementia
References
Chapter 63. Care at the End of Life
Abstract
Physician–Patient Interactions
Provision of Care
Special Neurologic Circumstances
Concluding Comments
References
Index

Michael J. Aminoff

Dr. Michael J. Aminoff, Distinguished Professor Emeritus in neurology at the University of California San Francisco, is an internationally recognized neurologist, clinical investigator, and author. His published contributions led to the award of a Doctor of Science degree by the University of London in 2000. He is one of the two editors-in-chief of the four-volume Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (2003; 2014) as well as one of the series editors of the multivolume Handbook of Clinical Neurology. He was editor-in-chief of the journal Muscle & Nerve from 1998 to 2007 and has served on numerous other editorial boards. He was a director of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology for eight years and served as board chair in 2011. In 2006, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine and, in 2007, the A.B. Baker Award for Lifetime Achievement in Neurological Education from the American Academy of Neurology. In 2019 he received the Robert S. Schwab Award for outstanding contributions to research in peripheral clinical neurophysiology from the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society.

Affiliations and expertise

Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Neurology; University of California San Francisco, USA

S. Andrew Josephson

Dr. S. Andrew Josephson is a neurologist who specializes in neurovascular and other neurologic disorders. At UCSF, he cares for general neurology and stroke patients in the hospital as well as in clinic. He is the Director and Founder of the UCSF Neurohospitalist Program and Fellowship, and Medical Director of Inpatient Neurology. He holds the Carmen Castro Franceschi and Gladyne K. Mitchell Neurohospitalist Distinguished Professorship.

After graduating from Stanford University, Dr. Josephson earned his medical degree at Washington University in St. Louis. He completed an internship in internal medicine and a residency in neurology at UCSF, where he was chief resident. He also completed fellowships in neurovascular neurology (stroke) and behavioral neurology at UCSF. He is an associate professor of neurology and Vice-Chairman of the Department of Neurology.

Dr. Josephson's research interests include improving models of inpatient neurologic care, quality and safety in hospitalized patients, neurologic education, delirium, and the contribution of stroke to dementia.

Dr. Josephson has won numerous teaching awards from medical students and residents including being selected to present the keynote speech for the School of Medicine Commencement; the Henry J. Kaiser Award for Excellence in Teaching; the Academic Senate Distinction in Teaching Award, and the Robert Layzer Golden Toe Award for resident teaching.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

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