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Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance
Towards Zero Carbon Transportation
- 2nd Edition - July 27, 2022
- Editors: Richard Folkson, Steve Sapsford
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 9 7 9 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 0 2 8 - 7
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of k… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAlternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies.
This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work.
- Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector
- Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements
- Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry
Researchers and academics of alternative fuels, industry experts developing advanced clean technologies; those in environmental and mechanical engineering; vehicle engineers, fuel suppliers and energy producers. Government officials, economists, investors, policy makers
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- About the authors
- Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
- 1. Introduction
- Abstract
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Technology roadmaps to deliver low carbon targets
- 1.3 Vehicle technology contributions to low carbon targets
- 1.4 Powertrain technology contributions to low-carbon targets
- 1.5 Regulatory requirements and consumer trends
- 1.6 Traffic management factors
- 1.7 Global manufacturing and consumer trends
- 1.8 Commercial vehicles and buses
- 1.9 Electrification of transport technology
- 1.10 Current and future trends
- 1.11 Affordability and consumer appeal
- 1.12 Long-term vision: solar energy/hydrogen economy
- 1.13 Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Further reading
- Part I: Alternative Fuels, advanced additives and oils to improve environmental performance
- 2. The role of alternative and renewable liquid fuels in environmentally sustainable transport
- Abstract
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Market penetration of biodiesel
- 2.3 Market penetration of alcohol fuels
- 2.4 Future provision of alternative liquid fuels: the biomass limit
- 2.5 Beyond the biomass limit: sustainable organic fuels for transport
- 2.6 Renewable fuels within an integrated renewable energy system
- 2.7 Conclusions
- 2.8 Update for 2021
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 3. Using alternative and renewable liquid fuels to improve the environmental performance of internal combustion engines: key challenges and blending technologies
- Abstract
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 The use of biodiesel in internal combustion engines: fatty acid methyl esters and hydrogenated vegetable oil
- 3.3 Alcohol fuels: physicochemical properties
- 3.4 Alcohol fuels for spark-ignition engines: effects on performance and efficiency
- 3.5 Alcohol fuels for spark-ignition engines: pollutant emissions, deposits and lubricant dilution
- 3.6 Alcohol fuels for compression-ignition engines
- 3.7 Vehicle and blending technologies for alternative liquid fuels: flexible-fuel vehicles
- 3.8 Vehicle and blending technologies for alternative liquid fuels: ethanol–gasoline and methanol–gasoline bi-fuel vehicles
- 3.9 Vehicle and blending technologies for alternative liquid fuels: tri-flex-fuel vehicles and isostoichiometric ternary blends
- 3.10 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Further reading
- 4. Alternative and renewable gaseous fuels to improve vehicle environmental performance
- Abstract
- 4.1 Update to the 2021 edition
- 4.2 Introduction
- 4.3 Fossil natural gas
- 4.4 Fossil natural gas production, transmission and distribution
- 4.5 Natural gas engines and vehicles
- 4.6 Biomethane/biogas
- 4.7 Biogas production, distribution and storage
- 4.8 Liquefied petroleum gas
- 4.9 LPG production, distribution, storage and use in vehicles
- 4.10 Hydrogen
- 4.11 Hydrogen production, distribution, storage and use in vehicles
- 4.12 Ammonia
- 4.13 Lifecycle analysis of alternative gaseous fuels
- 4.14 Future trends
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Further reading
- 5. Electricity as an energy vector for transportation vehicles
- Abstract
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Generation
- 5.3 Transmission and distribution
- 5.4 Storage
- 5.5 The nature of electrical energy
- 5.6 Onboard energy storage (battery)
- 5.7 Onboard energy storage (hydrogen)
- 5.8 Concluding remarks
- Further reading
- 6. Hydrogen as an energy vector for transportation vehicles
- Abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Overview of hydrogen production
- 6.3 Overview of electricity production
- 6.4 Hydrogen storage and transportation
- 6.5 Conclusions
- References
- 7. Advanced engine oils
- Abstract
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 The role of the lubricant in a modern internal combustion engine
- 7.3 The composition of a typical modern engine lubricant
- 7.4 Diesel engine lubrication challenges
- 7.5 Gasoline engine lubrication challenges
- 7.6 Industry and original equipment manufacturer specifications for engine oils
- 7.7 Lubricating modern engines in developing markets
- 7.8 Future engine oil evolution
- 7.9 Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Further reading
- 8. Advanced fuel additives for modern internal combustion engines
- Abstract
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Additive types and their impact on conventional and advanced fuels
- 8.3 Impacts of additives on combustion characteristics
- 8.4 Diesel performance and deposit control additives
- 8.5 Gasoline performance and deposit control additives
- 8.6 Conclusions and future trends
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Part II: Improving engine and vehicle design
- 9. Internal combustion engine cycles and concepts
- Abstract
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Ideal engine operation cycles
- 9.3 Alternative engine operating cycles
- 9.4 Comparison of engine cycle performance
- 9.5 Advantages and limitations of internal combustion engines
- 9.6 Conclusion and future trends
- 9.7 Sources of further information and advice
- References
- 10. Heavy-duty vehicles and powertrains: technologies and systems that enable ‘zero’ air quality and greenhouse gas emissions with enhanced levels of efficiency
- Abstract
- 10.1 The heavy-duty sector: definitions and characteristics
- 10.2 The environmental challenges: air quality, greenhouse gases and energy efficiency
- 10.3 Fuels and energy carriers
- 10.4 Energy converters
- 10.5 Net-zero emission–capable systems
- 10.6 Internal combustion engines
- 10.7 Summary
- References
- 11. Heavy-duty vehicles and powertrains: future internal combustion engine systems and technologies
- Abstract
- 11.1 Introduction
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 12. Conventional and advanced internal combustion engine materials
- Abstract
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Conventional IC engine materials
- 12.3 Advanced IC engine materials
- 12.4 Additive manufacturing technology for production of IC engine parts
- References
- 13. Advanced transmission systems for new propulsion technologies
- Abstract
- 13.1 Historical review of transmissions
- 13.2 Partial electrification, hybrids and dedicated hybrid transmissions
- 13.3 Why the future of conventional transmissions is now time limited for new vehicle products
- 13.4 Future market segmentation and appropriate solutions
- 13.5 Conclusions
- References
- 14. Sustainable design and manufacture of lightweight vehicle structures
- Abstract
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 The value of mass reduction
- 14.3 General challenges and opportunities
- 14.4 Possible architectures of the next-generation vehicle
- 14.5 Specific lightweighting technologies
- 14.6 Future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 15. Improving vehicle rolling resistance and aerodynamics
- Abstract
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Overview of vehicle aerodynamics
- 15.3 Rolling resistance in vehicles
- 15.4 Advanced vehicle design for drag reduction
- 15.5 Advanced tyre design and materials
- 15.6 Conclusions and future trends
- References
- 16. New and emerging applications for flywheel energy storage in transport
- Abstract
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Flywheels with electrical transmission
- 16.3 Flywheels for ultracharging of battery electric vehicles
- 16.4 Flywheels for fuel cell electric vehicles
- 16.5 Conclusion
- References
- 17. Hydraulic and pneumatic hybrid powertrains for improved fuel economy in vehicles
- Abstract
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Hydraulic hybrid principle of operation and system architectures
- 17.3 Hydraulic component design and modelling
- 17.4 Integrated hydraulic hybrid vehicle simulation
- 17.5 Design and control of hydraulic hybrid powertrains
- 17.6 Examples of practical applications
- 17.7 Pneumatic hybrids
- References
- 18. Integration and performance of regenerative braking and energy recovery technologies in vehicles
- Abstract
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Types and properties of regenerative braking and energy recovery
- 18.3 Hybrid and electric vehicles with energy recovery: design and performance issues
- 18.4 Design integration and operational optimisation
- 18.5 Advantages and limitations of regenerative braking
- 18.6 Conclusions and future trends
- References
- Part III: Electric/hybrid vehicle technologies
- 19. Battery technology requirements for CO2 reduction
- Abstract
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Vehicle drive cycles and CO2 reduction opportunities
- 19.3 Battery functionality and chemistries for vehicle applications
- References
- 20. Lithium-ion cells, batteries, and other emerging storage technologies
- Abstract
- 20.1 Lithium-ion cells
- 20.2 High-voltage battery pack design
- 20.3 Battery management systems
- 20.4 Future trends
- 20.5 Conclusions
- 20.6 Sources of further information and advice
- References
- 21. Conventional fuel/hybrid electric vehicles
- Abstract
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Basic components of a hybrid electric vehicle system
- 21.3 Architectures of hybrid electric drivetrains
- 21.4 Series hybrid electric drivetrains (electrical coupling)
- 21.5 Parallel hybrid electric drivetrains (mechanical coupling)
- 21.6 Series-parallel hybrid electric drivetrains (electric and mechanical coupling) and plug-in hybrids
- 21.7 Control and performance
- 21.8 Future trends
- References
- 22. Full electric vehicles
- Abstract
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Electric vehicle drivetrain layouts
- 22.3 Modern traction motors
- 22.4 Modern inverters
- 22.5 Battery pack technology trends
- 22.6 EV manufacturing and embedded carbon
- 22.7 Summary
- References
- 23. Fuel-cell (hydrogen) electric hybrid vehicles
- Abstract
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Energy devices for the transport sector
- 23.3 Fuel cell electric vehicles
- 23.4 Technical barriers and future development
- 23.5 Conclusions
- References
- 24. How autonomous vehicles can contribute to emission reductions, fuel economy improvements and safety?
- Abstract
- 24.1 Overview of CAV, CAM and MaaS
- 24.2 A system of systems approach
- 24.3 The need for digital verification and validation
- 24.4 Considerations for optimum implementation of regulations
- 24.5 The needs of the user
- 24.6 Conclusion
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 798
- Language: English
- Edition: 2
- Published: July 27, 2022
- Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323909792
- eBook ISBN: 9780323900287
RF
Richard Folkson
Richard Folkson is Royal Academy of Engineering Visiting Professor for Innovation and Design and Deputy President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
Affiliations and expertise
Royal Academy of Engineering, UKSS
Steve Sapsford
Professor Steve Sapsford BSc (Hons), CEng FIMechE is a former director at Ricardo and is currently the chair of the Powertrain Systems and Fuels Group at the IMechE. He is an expert in the field of vehicle propulsions systems with special interest in life-cycle analysis and sustainable fuels. Steve is a Visiting Professor at the University of Cardiff and an Industrial Advisor at the University of Nottingham.
Affiliations and expertise
Chair, Powertrain Systems and Fuels Group, Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE), UKRead Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance on ScienceDirect