Aliphatic Alkylation
in Petroleum Refining
- 1st Edition - January 21, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Authors: Weizhen Sun, Weizhong Zheng, Ling Zhao, Jinzhu Li, Huanxin Gao
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 9 8 4 - 9
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 9 8 5 - 6
Aliphatic Alkylation in Petroleum Refining provides a fundamental understanding on the alkylation process, from molecular-level interfacial properties to macroscopic industry… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAliphatic Alkylation in Petroleum Refining provides a fundamental understanding on the alkylation process, from molecular-level interfacial properties to macroscopic industry plants. Since the direct distillation of oil fractions does not satisfy the whole demand for fuel feedstocks, processes such as reforming, isomerization, and alkylation are needed to fulfill the market requirements within the gasoline pool. From the processes mentioned above, this book covers one of the most important refining processes due to the high quality of the alkylate with high research octane number (RON).
Although the Aliphatic alkylation with H2SO4 and HF as catalysts have been industrialized for many years, there still exists lots of problems due to the complex heterogeneous reaction, such as the thermodynamics, reaction mechanism, molecular-level interfacial properties, and so on.
- Introduces industrial alkylation technology and process safety with different catalysts
- Highlights reaction mechanisms and kinetic models using different catalysts
- Presents interfacial behaviors between reactants and catalysts that are fundamental in the process intensification of Aliphatic alkylation
Chemists and chemical engineers interested in industrial Aliphatic alkylation, its process optimization and intensification
- Aliphatic Alkylation
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- About the authors
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 1 Introduction of aliphatic alkylation
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1.1 Definition of aliphatic alkylation
- 1.2 History of aliphatic alkylation
- 1.3 Role of the aliphatic alkylation unit in the refinery
- 1.4 Other alkylation processes
- References
- Chapter 2 Alkylation technology
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 2.1 H2SO4 catalyst
- 2.1.1 Stratco effluent refrigerated process
- 2.1.2 CDAlky low-temperature process
- 2.1.3 ExxonMobil stirred auto-refrigerated process
- 2.1.4 Sinopec SINOALKY process
- 2.1.5 Operating parameters
- 2.1.6 Additives
- 2.2 HF catalyst
- 2.2.1 Conoco-Phillips reduced volatility process
- 2.2.2 UOP Alkyplus HF alkylation process
- 2.2.3 Operating parameters
- 2.3 Ionic liquid catalyst
- 2.3.1 CIL alkylation process
- 2.3.2 Operating parameters
- 2.4 Zeolite catalyst
- 2.4.1 Alkylation process
- 2.4.2 Effect of zeolite structure
- 2.4.3 Effect of acidity
- 2.4.4 Modification of zeolites
- 2.4.5 Operating parameters
- 2.4.6 Other solid acids
- References
- Chapter 3 Thermodynamics and reaction mechanism
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 3.1 Thermodynamics of C4 alkylation
- 3.2 Carbonium ion
- 3.3 Overall product distributions
- 3.4 General alkylation mechanism
- 3.5 Alkylation mechanism of H2SO4 as catalyst
- 3.6 Alkylation mechanism of HF as catalyst
- 3.7 Alkylation mechanism of ILs as catalyst
- 3.8 Alkylation mechanism of solid acids
- References
- Chapter 4 Reaction kinetics
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 4.1 Kinetics using sulfuric acid as catalyst
- 4.2 Kinetics using ionic liquids as catalyst
- 4.3 Kinetics using sulfuric acid and additives as catalyst
- References
- Chapter 5 Reactors, catalyst deactivation, and regeneration
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 5.1 Industrial reactors in the H2SO4 process
- 5.1.1 Stirred mixing reactor
- 5.1.2 Static mixing reactor
- 5.1.3 Injection mixing reactor
- 5.1.4 Shear mixing reactor
- 5.1.5 Microsystem reactor
- 5.1.6 Rotating packed bed reactor
- 5.2 Industrial reactor in the HF process [33]
- 5.3 Industrial reactor in the ILs process
- 5.4 Industrial reactors in the solid acid process
- 5.5 Deactivation mechanism
- 5.5.1 Deactivation process of H2SO4
- 5.5.2 Deactivation process of Ionic liquids
- 5.5.3 Deactivation process of solid acid
- 5.5.4 Controlling of carbon precursors
- 5.6 Regeneration strategies
- 5.6.1 Sulfuric acid
- 5.6.2 Ionic liquid
- 5.6.3 Solid acids
- References
- Chapter 6 Alkylation process intensification
- Abstract
- Keywords:
- 6.1 Multiobjective (MO) optimization
- 6.2 Interfacial behaviors
- 6.3 Intensification mechanism of interfacial behaviors
- 6.4 Design of interfacial intensification additives
- References
- Chapter 7 Alkylation process safety
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 7.1 H2SO4-catalyzed process
- 7.1.1 Low construction quality
- 7.1.2 Equipment aging
- 7.1.3 Unsafe daily operations
- 7.1.4 Inadequate monitoring
- 7.2 HF-catalyzed process
- 7.2.1 Utility system protection
- 7.2.2 Decreased equipment reliability
- 7.2.3 Risks from high-pressure acidic media
- 7.2.4 Environmental risks from waste acid disposal
- 7.2.5 Personal safety risks from nonstandard operations
- 7.3 Ionic liquids-catalyzed process
- 7.3.1 ILs corrosion
- 7.3.2 The operation of chloride ion supplement
- 7.3.3 Handling of alkali waste
- 7.4 Challenges in alkylation
- 7.4.1 H2SO4-catalyzed process
- 7.4.2 HF-catalyzed process
- 7.4.3 IL-catalyzed process
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 21, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- No. of pages: 400
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443219849
- eBook ISBN: 9780443219856
WS
Weizhen Sun
Weizhen Sun is a Professor at East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, China. He graduated from ECUST, majoring in Chemical Engineering, and obtained the master and doctorate degrees in chemical engineering from ECUST in 2004 and 2009, respectively. He was engaged for one year in molecular simulation in the group of Professor Berend Smit, University of California at Berkeley. His main research interests include chemical reaction engineering, multiscale simulation, and applications of nanomaterials in energy and medicine. He is good at using chemical engineering theory and methods to study reaction kinetics of complex systems, and multiscale simulation, optimization and design of large-scale industrial reactors, especially focusing on the surface and interface properties and reaction-transfer coupling relationships of heterogeneous reaction processes using multiscale methods. He has published more than 80 publications in international chemical journals such as AIChE J., Chem. Eng. Sci, Chem. Eng. J. and Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, and so on.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaWZ
Weizhong Zheng
Weizhong Zheng is a distinguished researcher at East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, China. He has graduated from ECUST, majoring in Chemical Engineering, and obtained the bachelor and doctorate degree in 2014 and 2020, respectively. He was engaged in ultrafast dynamics for one year at the groups of Professor Michael David Fayer, Stanford University. He mainly engaged in the research on the design of green solvent and process intensification of heterogeneous systems. He is good at combining multiscale molecular simulation, in-situ characterization, machine learning and experimental methods to study interfacial microstructure and mass transfer characteristics, guiding the rational design of green solvent and green process development. He published more than 40 papers including J. Am. Chem. Soc., AIChE J., Chem. Eng. Sci, Chem. Eng. J. and Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. He won the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation CPCIF-Clariant Sustainable Development Youth Innovation Award.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Researcher, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaLZ
Ling Zhao
Ling Zhao is a Professor at East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, China. She graduated from ECUST, majoring in Chemical Engineering, and obtained the master and doctorate degrees in chemical engineering from ECUST in 1993 and 1996, respectively. After staying in school in 1993, she has been working at the United Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering in ECUST. From 2002 to 2003, She was awarded the KC Wong Fellowship of the Royal Society of England and worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham. Her main research includes the supercritical fluid-assisted polymerization and polymer processing, and heterogeneous reaction and transfer process intensification, such as polyester, nylon, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile polymerization, aromatic hydrocarbons, liquid-phase oxidation, and sulfuric acid alkylation. She participated in National Science and Technology Progress Prize and obtained the Provincial and Ministerial Science and Technology Progress Prize. She has published more than 400 papers in international chemical journals such as AIChE J., Chem. Eng. Sci., Chem. Eng. J..
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaJL
Jinzhu Li
Jinzhu Li is a Senior Engineer at SINOPEC Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company, Ningbo, China. He graduated from Fushun Petroleum Institute with the bachelor's degree and East China University of Science and Technology with the master's degree in Chemical Engineering. He was engaged in the operation and management of petroleum refining plant for 24 years, responsible for the construction and operation management of 500,000 tons/year liquefied gas separation plant, and the expansion construction and operation management of MTBE plant from 20,000 tons/year to 40,000 tons/year, then to 100,000 tons/year, and finally to 150,000 tons/year. He was also responsible for the operation and technical management of the gasoline-diesel hydrogenation unit and the wax oil hydrocracking unit, as well as the technical comparison, construction, start-up, shutdown and operation management of the 300,000 tons/year sulfuric acid alkylation and the supporting acid regeneration unit. He has rich experience in oil refinery operation safety and technical management.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Engineer, SINOPEC Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company, Ningbo, China.HG
Huanxin Gao
Gao Huanxin is a Senior Engineer at SINOPEC Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Co., LTD., Shanghai, China. He graduated from Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, majoring in Physical chemistry. His main research interests include zeolite acid catalyst and selective oxidation catalyst, and their applications in petrochemical industry, especially focusing on the alkylation of benzene with alkene and epoxidation of propylene. His group has developed and commercialized several catalysts and licensed several process technologies. He has published more than 30 publications in international journals.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Engineer, SINOPEC Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Co., LTD., Shanghai, ChinaRead Aliphatic Alkylation on ScienceDirect