Aging and Other Model Systems

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume 1

Part 1. Aging, Nutritional, and Toxicant Testing Models

1 Nematodes as Models to Study Aging

I. Introduction

II. Aging Studies in Axenic and Monoxenic Culture

III. Mass Cultures for Aging Research

IV. Age Pigment

V. Sex Factors in Longevity and Reproduction

VI. Influence of Environment on Development and Aging

VII. Behavioral Changes during Aging

VIII. Longevity Increases

IX. Other Aging Parameters

X. Nematodes to Study Biological Aging in Outer Space

XI. Summary and Future Research Directions

References

2 Effects of Aging on Enzymes

I. Methods of Aging Nematodes

II. Alteration of Enzymes in Aged Nematodes

III. Evaluation of the Nematode Model System

References

3 Nematodes as Nutritional Models

I. Introduction

II. Nutritional Requirements in the Basal Medium

III. The Growth Factor

IV. Nutrient Absorption

V. Possible Contaminants of Axenic Culture

VI. Nutrition and Development

VII. Conclusions and Prospects

References

4 Action of Chemical and Physical Agents on Free-Living Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. Methods of Assay and Probes

III. Prospects

References

Part 2. Physiology and Morphology

5 Respiration in Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. Diffusion of Oxygen into Nematodes

III. Oxygen and the Mitochondrion

IV. Oxygenases

V. Factors Influencing Oxygen Demand

VI. Oxygen Availability

VII. Respiration in Low Oxygen Regimes

VIII. Hemoglobin

IX. Anaerobiosis

X. Conclusions

References

6 Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. Techniques

III. Mechanisms in Nematode Osmoregulation and Possible Structures Involved in Transport Processes in Nematodes

IV. Specialized Aspects of Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Nematodes

V. Conclusions

References

7 Nematode Energy Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Energy Storage Molecules

III. Utilization of Energy Reserves

IV. End Products of Metabolism

V. Glycolysis and the Tricarboxyclic Acid Cycle

VI. Other Pathways of Energy Metabolism

VII. Energy Production and Regulation of Metabolism

VIII. Conclusions

References

8 Longevity and Survival in Nematodes: Models and Mechanisms

I. Introduction

II. Model Nematodes for Studying Longevity and Survival

III. Physiological Aspects of Desiccation Survival

IV. Conclusions

References

9 The Nematode Cuticle and Its Surface

I. Introduction

II. Whole Cuticle Structure

III. The Epicuticle

IV. Dynamic State of the Epicuticle

V. Development of the Epicuticle

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

10 Nematode Sense Organs

I. Introduction

II. Cuticular Sense Organs

III. Internal Sensory Receptors

IV. Conclusions

References

Index