Advances in Steam Turbines for Modern Power Plants
- 2nd Edition - July 15, 2022
- Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
- Editor: Tadashi Tanuma
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 3 5 9 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 5 5 1 - 9
Advances in Steam Turbines for Modern Power Plants, second edition, provides a fully revised and updated comprehensive review of steam turbine design, optimization, analysis… Read more
Purchase options
Advances in Steam Turbines for Modern Power Plants, second edition, provides a fully revised and updated comprehensive review of steam turbine design, optimization, analysis and measurement. Editor Tadashi Tanuma and his team of expert contributors from around the globe have updated each chapter to reflect the latest research and experiences in the field, to help progress thermal power generation to meet sustainability goals. This book presents modern technologies for the design and development of steam turbines that supply affordable, reliable and stable power with much lower CO2 emissions.
With the addition of two new chapters on ‘Steam turbine mechanical design and analysis for high temperature, large and rapid change of temperature conditions’ and ‘Steam valves with low pressure losses’ this edition will support students, researchers and professional engineers in designing and developing their own economical and environmentally concerned thermal power plants.
- Fully updated to include the latest research and examples from around the globe
- Includes brand new chapters, case studies, photographs, data, analysis and models
- Chapters on the design and development of Steam Turbines are written by experienced design engineers who provide first-hand experience and lessons learned.
R&D managers; steam turbine engineers; researchers working on advanced steam turbine design; postgraduate students. Early career engineers and graduate students of mechanical engineers, with a focus on steam turbines and power generation.
Part I Steam Turbine Cycles and Cycle Design Optimization 1
1 Introduction to steam turbines for power plants 3
1.1 Features of steam turbines 3
1.2 Roles of steam turbines in power generation 4
1.3 Technology trends of steam turbines 6
1.4 The aim of this book 8
References 9
2 Steam turbine cycles and cycle design optimization: the Rankine cycle, thermal power cycles, and IGCC power plants 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Basic cycles of steam turbine plants 11
2.3 Types of steam turbines 23
2.4 Various steam turbine cycles and technologies to improve thermal efficiency 29
2.5 Conclusion 40
References 40
3 Steam turbine cycles and cycle design optimization: advanced ultra-supercritical thermal power plants and nuclear power plants 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 A-USC thermal power plants 41
3.3 Nuclear power plants 48
3.4 Conclusion 55
References 55
4 Steam turbine cycles and cycle design optimization: combined cycle power plants 57
4.1 Definitions 57
4.2 Introduction to combined cycle power plants 59
4.3 Combined cycle thermodynamics 60
4.4 Markets served 75
4.5 Major plant systems overview 77
4.6 Combined cycles trends 90
4.7 Conclusion 91
References 91
5 Steam turbine life cycle cost evaluations and comparison with other power systems 93
5.1 Introduction 93
5.2 Cost estimation and comparison with other power systems 94
5.3 Technological learning 96
5.4 The modeling of technological learning 98
5.5 Conclusions 104
References 104
Part II Steam Turbine Analysis, Measurement and Monitoring for Design Optimization 107
6 Design and analysis for aerodynamic efficiency enhancement of steam turbines 109
6.1 Introduction 109
6.2 Overview of losses in steam turbines 109
6.3 Overview of aerodynamic design of steam turbines 114
6.5 Future trends 123
6.6 Conclusions 124
References 125
7 Steam turbine rotor design and rotor dynamics analysis 127
7.1 Categories of steam turbine rotor vibration 127
7.2 Mechanical design of steam turbine rotors 137
7.3 Measurement of, and guidelines for, rotor vibration 148
References 150
8 Steam turbine design for load-following capability and highlyefficient partial operation 153
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 Solution for grid code requirement 155
8.3 LFC of thermal power plants 158
8.4 Current capacity of thermal power governor-free operation and LFC 159
8.5 Over load valve 160
8.6 Conclusion 164
References 164
9 Analysis and design of wet-steam stages 165
9.1 Introduction 165
9.2 Basic theory and governing equations 171
9.3 Numerical methods 177
9.4 Measurement methods 194
9.5 Design considerations 207
Acknowledgments 210
Notation 210
Greek symbols 211
Subscripts 211
References 211
10 Solid particle erosion analysis and protection design for steam turbines 219
10.1 Introduction 219
10.2 Susceptible area of erosion 219
10.3 Considerations on boiler design and plant design 221
10.4 Considerations on turbine design and operation mode 222
10.5 Result of erosion 225
10.6 Considerations of parameters on erosion and countermeasure 234
Conclusions 238
References 239
11 Steam turbine monitoring technology, validation, and verification tests for power plants 241
11.1 Introduction to power plant testing and monitoring 241
11.2 Performance type testing 243
11.3 Steam turbine component-type testing 253
11.4 Steam turbine monitoring 257
11.5 Summary 259
11.6 Power plant testing—a look ahead 259
References 260
Part III Development of Materials, Blades and Important
Parts of Steam Turbines 261
12 Development in materials for ultra-supercritical (USC)
and advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) steam turbines 263
12.1 Introduction 263
12.2 Efficiency improvement of ultra-supercritical and advanced ultra-supercritical turbines 265
12.3 Material development for ultra-supercritical steam turbines 267
12.4 Material development for advanced ultra-supercritical steam turbines 272
Conclusions 277
References 278
13 Development of last-stage long blades for steam turbines 279
13.1 Introduction 279
13.2 Design space for last-stage long blade development 281
13.3 Main features of modern last-stage blades 283
13.4 Design methodology for last-stage long blades 284
Additional descriptions on water droplet erosion analysis and protection design
13.5 Model turbine tests and measurements 298
13.6 Conclusions 303
References 304
14 Introduction of new sealing technologies for steam turbines 307
14.1 Introduction 307
14.2 Flowpath interstage seals 309
Conclusions 319
References 319
15 Introduction of advanced technologies for steam turbine bearings 321
15.1 Geometry of oil-film bearing 321
15.2 Bearing design 326
15.3 Journal bearing testing 348
15.4 Thrust bearing testing 362
15.5 Bearing coating materials 365
15.6 Conclusions 376
Acknowledgments 377
References 378
16 Manufacturing technologies for key steam turbine parts 381
16.1 Introduction 381
16.2 Manufacturing documentation 382
16.3 Castings and forgings 383
16.4 Casings 383
16.5 Rotors 385
16.6 Blade manufacture 388
16.7 Inspection technologies 391
16.8 Conclusion 392
References 393
Part IV Turbine Retrofitting and Advanced Applications in Power Generation 395
17 Steam turbine retrofitting for the life extension of power plants 397
17.1 Comprehensive maintenance planning and new technologies for steam turbine retrofitting 397
17.2 Age deterioration and lifetime of the steam turbine 397
17.3 Outline of retrofitting for life extension 412
17.4 Technology for higher efficiency and other benefits 424
17.5 Summary 435
References 436
18 Steam turbine retrofitting for power increase and efficiency enhancement 437
18.1 Overview 437
18.2 Nomenclature 437
18.3 Introduction 438
18.4 Improvement of plant performance 440
18.5 Key development processes 444
18.6 High-pressure and intermediate-pressure turbine retrofits 446
18.7 Low-pressure turbine retrofits 446
18.8 Summary 453
References 453
19 Advanced geothermal steam turbines 455
19.1 Introduction 455
19.2 Construction of modern geothermal steam turbines 464
19.3 Technologies to enhance reliability of geothermal steam turbines 473
19.4 Technologies to enhance performance of geothermal turbines 477
19.5 Operational experiences and lessons learned 480
19.6 Future view of geothermal power generation and challenges 485
References 485
20 Steam turbines for solar thermal and other renewable energies 487
20.1 Introduction 487
20.2 Pilot plant of solar thermal and biomass binary generation system in Japan 487
20.3 The steam turbine for solar thermal technology 488
20.4 Steam turbine for organic Rankine cycle 493
20.5 Future applications 497
References 498
21 Advanced ultra-supercritical pressure (A-USC) steam turbines and their combination with carbon capture and storage systems (CCS) 501
21.1 Introduction 501
21.2 Advanced ultra-supercritical turbine 502
21.3 Carbon capture technology 502
21.4 Combination of advanced ultra-supercritical turbine and CCS 510
Conclusions 519
References 519
22 Steam turbine roles and necessary technologies for stabilization of the electricity grid in the renewable energy era 521
22.1 Introduction 521
22.2 The issue of the renewable energy era 522
22.3 Requirements of the steam-turbine power-generation system 531
22.4 Innovation and future technologies 535
References 536
Index 539
23. Conclusions
- Edition: 2
- Published: July 15, 2022
- Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
- Language: English
TT
Tadashi Tanuma
Tadashi Tanuma is a Professor at Teikyo University, Japan. He is the head of the Laboratory of Fluid-Structural Simulation and Design in the Strategic Innovation and Research Center. He also works for the Graduate School of Science & Engineering and the Department of Mechanical and Precision System Engineering in Teikyo University.
Professor Tadashi Tanuma began his career as a development mechanical engineer in 1980 at Turbine Factory, Toshiba Corporation, Japan. He led the Turbomachinary Development Group from 1993. Subsequently, he joined the Steam Turbine Design Department in Keihin Product Operations of Toshiba Corporation. He developed and designed Toshiba 52-inch last stage long blade for nuclear power steam turbines and steel 40 and 48-inch last stage long blade for thermal power steam turbines as an aerodynamic engineer and led many research and development programs for steam and gas turbine efficiency enhancement technologies. He was the President of the Gas Turbine Society of Japan (2015).
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Head, Laboratory of Fluid-Structural Simulation and Design, Strategic Innovation and Research Cente, Teikyo University, JapanRead Advances in Steam Turbines for Modern Power Plants on ScienceDirect