Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production

1st Edition - July 29, 2024
Editors: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Ali Bakhtyari, Mohammad Amin Makarem
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 0 7 6 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 4 9 9 - 7

Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production covers the recent advances in the upgrading of biomass-obtained products into liquid fuels (also known as biofuels)… Read more

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Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production covers the recent advances in the upgrading of biomass-obtained products into liquid fuels (also known as biofuels) by hydrotreating processes. By including introductory information, the book covers in detail the identification of hydrotreating processes such as thermocatalytic reactions in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts and hydrogen. Required materials for the development of the process are investigated with consideration of the characteristics of biomass, bio-oil production, upgrading alternatives, hydrotreating alternatives, hydrotreating of different biomass-based materials, hydrodeoxygenation of separated bio-oil compounds, classification of the hydrotreating catalysts, life cycle assessment, and hydrogen production routes. Information regarding the further development of the process is collected to encourage further progress toward a scalable process for biofuel production and the development of a large-scale hydrotreating strategy.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section I: Introduction to biomass processing
Chapter one. Biomass feedstock, importance, and applications
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Renewability and sustainability
1.3 Biomass
1.4 Biomass characteristics
1.5 Biomass-derived versus conventional fuels
1.6 Classification of biomass resources
1.7 Biofuel generations
1.8 Biomass conversion routes
1.9 Application of biomass and the impact of biomass utilization on environment
1.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter two. Cellulose and hemicellulose: types, cleavage, and depolymerization
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Physicochemical profile of cellulose and hemicellulose
2.3 Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass
2.4 Depolymerization of cellulose and hemicellulose
2.5 Conversion of cellulose/hemicellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural/furfural
2.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section II: Hydrotreating process
Chapter three. Introduction to bio-oil upgrading methods: pyrolysis, cracking, hydrotreating, and supercritical bio-oil upgrading
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Bio-oil chemical upgrading methods
3.3 Current applications and cases
3.4 Conclusion and future outlooks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter four. Hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolysis bio-oils derived from lignocellulosic biomass
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 HDO of pyrolysis bio-oils derived from lignocellulosic biomass
4.3 Processing conditions of bio-oil HDO upgrading
4.4 HDO reactors
4.5 Analytical methods to determine HDO efficiency and upgraded oil quality
4.6 Conclusions and future outlooks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter five. Hydrodeoxygenation of biocrude using hydrothermal liquefaction technology: hydrodeoxygenation of algal bio-oils
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 HTL mechanism
5.3 Biofuel potential of algae
5.4 Hydrothermal liquefaction of algae
5.5 Physicochemical properties of microalgae biofuel
5.6 HTL determinants and advantages
5.7 HTL products
5.8 Strain selection for HTL
5.9 CBO yield
5.10 Methods
5.11 Mass, energy, and nutrient balances
5.12 Energy efficiency of HTL
5.13 Challenges associated with HTL and recommendations
5.14 Future research directions and final perspective
5.15 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
References
Chapter six. Hydrodeoxygenation of furanic model compounds
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Processes
6.3 Current applications and cases
6.4 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations
References
Chapter seven. Hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, methylguaiacol, and catechol
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Catalyst criteria for HDO of guaiacol, methylguaicol, and catechol
7.3 Hydrodeoxygenation reaction pathways
7.4 Challenges and limitations
7.5 Conclusions and future outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Chapter eight. Hydrodeoxygenation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Hydrodeoxygenation of cyclohexanol
8.3 Hydrodeoxygenation of cyclohexanone
8.4 A review and survey of the published studies
8.5 Comparing biofuel products with conventional fuels in terms of heating value
8.6 Large-scale (commercial/industrial) plants
8.7 Conclusions and future outlook
Abbreviations and symbols
References
Chapter nine. Catalyst deactivation during hydrodeoxygenation reactions
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Catalyst deactivation mechanisms
9.3 Characterization of catalyst deactivation during the HDO of lignocellulosic bio-oils and/or model compounds
9.4 Catalyst regeneration/reactivation protocols
9.5 Conclusions and future outlook
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations and symbols
References
Section III: Novel hydrotreating strategies
Chapter ten. Methane- and syngas-assisted hydrotreating for biofuel production
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Syngas-assisted hydrotreating
10.3 Hydrotreating fatty acids
10.4 Hydrotreating carbonyl, hydroxyl, and methoxy groups
10.5 Hydrotreating furans
10.6 Catalytic deoxygenation of real bio-oil with syngas
10.7 Methane-assisted hydrotreating
10.8 Methane activation mechanism
10.9 Methane hydrotreating for biofuel production
10.10 Carbonyl compounds under methane
10.11 Carboxyl compounds under methane
10.12 Phenol compounds under methane
10.13 Conclusions
References
Chapter eleven. Plasma upgrading and hydrotreating
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Plasma gasification of biomass for syngas production
11.3 Plasma treatment of biomass for bio-oil production
11.4 Plasma-assisted hydrolysis of biomass for biofuel production
11.5 Plasma-assisted biogas utilization
11.6 Plasma bio-oil upgrading
11.7 Conclusions and future outlook
References
Chapter twelve. Coprocessing of bio-oils and petroleum fuel blends for clean transportation fuels
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Sources of bio-oil
12.3 Coprocessing crude bio-oil with petroleum feed using fluid catalytic cracking
12.4 Co-hydroprocessing bio-oil with petroleum feeds
12.5 Coprocessing/co-cracking upgraded bio-oil with petroleum feeds
12.6 Techno-economic analysis
12.7 Conclusions and future outlooks
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
Section IV: Integrated hydrotreating: hydrogen production from biomass
Chapter thirteen. Thermochemical hydrogen production routes from biomass: gasification, reforming, and pyrolysis
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Hydrogen evaluation
13.3 Thermochemical processes to H2 production
13.4 Applications of thermal processes products
13.5 Conclusion and future outlooks
References
Chapter fourteen. Biochemical hydrogen production routes from biomass
Abstract
Graphical abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Biochemical hydrogen production processes from biomass
14.3 Principles and procedures
14.4 Effect of various parameters on biochemical hydrogen production
14.5 Hydrogen application and cases
14.6 Future outlooks and challenges
14.7 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter fifteen. Life cycle analysis and technical economic analysis of bio-oil hydrotreating
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Bio-oil production process
15.3 Techno-economic assessment
15.4 Case study
15.5 Looking into some literature for techno-economic assessment
15.6 Introduction to LCA
15.7 Conclusion and future outlooks
Nomenclature
References
Index

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Prof. Mohammad Reza Rahimpour is a professor in Chemical Engineering at Shiraz University, Iran. He received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Shiraz University joint with University of Sydney, Australia 1988. He started his independent career as Assistant Professor in September 1998 at Shiraz University. Prof. M.R. Rahimpour, was a Research Associate at University of California, Davis from 2012 till 2017. During his stay in University of California, he developed different reaction networks and catalytic processes such as thermal and plasma reactors for upgrading of lignin bio-oil to biofuel with collaboration of UCDAVIS. He has been a Chair of Department of Chemical Engineering at Shiraz University from 2005 till 2009 and from 2015 till 2020. Prof. M.R. Rahimpour leads a research group in fuel processing technology focused on the catalytic conversion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, and renewable fuels such as bio-oils derived from lignin to valuable energy sources. He provides young distinguished scholars with perfect educational opportunities in both experimental methods and theoretical tools in developing countries to investigate in-depth research in the various field of chemical engineering including carbon capture, chemical looping, membrane separation, storage and utilization technologies, novel technologies for natural gas conversion and improving the energy efficiency in the production and use of natural gas industries.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Ali Bakhtyari

Ali Bakhtyari has a Ph.D. in chemical engineering and currently works as a research associate at Shiraz University. His MSc degree was in advanced chemical engineering and the thesis was on adsorptive gas separation. During his Ph.D. career, he published numerous papers and book chapters on different aspects of chemical reaction engineering. The publications cover numerical simulations, catalyst synthesis and characterization, and multifunctional reactors. Simulation, modification, and enhancement of the chemical reactors related to the production of energy carriers such as methanol, dimethyl ether, and hydrogen are of his expertise. Then, his Ph.D. dissertation was on the catalytic hydrotreatment and upgrading of biomass-derived compounds to fuel-grade products and chemicals. Both experimental and theoretical investigations of the conventional and bio-based energy sources are the current and future standpoints of his research career. However, his research activities in the phase equilibria have extended his research area up to biorefinery. Thermodynamic modeling of physical properties and phase equilibria are of his research interests. He has had hitherto contributions in a large number of scientific publications in the aforementioned subjects.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Mohammad Amin Makarem

Dr. Mohammad Amin Makarem is a research associate at Taylor's University, Malaysia. He former worked at Shiraz University. His research interests are gas separation and purification, nanofluids, microfluidics, catalyst synthesis, reactor design and green energy. In gas separation, his focus is on experimental and theoretical investigation and optimization of pressure swing adsorption process, and in the gas purification field, he is working on novel technologies such as microchannels. Recently, he has investigated methods of synthesizing bio-template nanomaterials and catalysts. Besides, he has collaborated in writing and editing various books and book-chapters for famous publishers such as Elsevier, Springer and Wiley, as well as guest editing journals special issues.

Affiliations and expertise

Taylor's University, Malaysia

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Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production

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Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Ali Bakhtyari

Mohammad Amin Makarem