Advances in Electrically Conductive Textiles

Materials, Characterization, and Applications

1st Edition - October 24, 2024
Editors: Subhankar Maity, Pintu Pandit, Saptarshi Maiti
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 0 4 7 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 0 4 8 - 7

Nonmetallic electroconductive textiles, unlike metals, offer flexibility, durability, moldability, and lightweight attributes. A brilliant quality of these textiles is the ca… Read more

Advances in Electrically Conductive Textiles

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Nonmetallic electroconductive textiles, unlike metals, offer flexibility, durability, moldability, and lightweight attributes. A brilliant quality of these textiles is the capability to alter conductivity through various external stimuli (e.g., strain, torsion, pH, humidity) to suit a specific application such as sensors, heating garments, EMI shielding, energy harvesting devices, and wearable electronics.

Based on these concepts, Advances in Electrically Conductive Textiles: Materials, Characterization, and Applications has been structured into three main sections. Section I contains chapters discussing the various preparation methods of electroconductive textiles, Section II contains chapters on their characteristics and features, and Section III details the end-use applications and sustainability of these textiles.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Preface
Content Overview
Applications Covered
Target Audience
Structure
Section I: Introduction & processing
1. Introduction to electroconductive textiles
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Electrical conductivity in textiles
1.3 Metallic electroconductive textiles
1.4 Various nonmetallic conductors used for preparation of electroconductive textiles
1.5 Carbon and graphene as conducting materials for textiles
1.6 Carbon nanotube as conducting materials for textiles
1.7 Metal nanopowders as conducting materials for textiles
1.8 Intrinsically conducting polymers
1.9 Applications of electrically conductive textiles
1.10 Conclusions
References
2. Preparation of conductive polymer-coated textiles
Abstract
2.1 Introduction to electrical conductivity
2.2 Band theory of electrical conductivity
2.3 Electrical conductivity in metals
2.4 Electrical conductivity in semiconductors
2.5 Conductivity in liquid and gaseous conductors
2.6 The electroconductive polymers
2.7 The reason of electrical conductivity in conductive polymers
2.8 Electroconductive textiles based on metals
2.9 Preparation of electroconductive textile based on conductive polymers
2.10 Influence of process parameters of in-situ chemical polymerization on resistivity
2.11 Various textile substrates for coating of conductive polymers
2.12 Effect of various yarns and fabrics as substrates
2.13 Reaction kinetics of in-situ polymerization
2.14 Effect of a textile substrate on kinetics of in-situ chemical polymerization
2.15 Future scope and challenges
2.16 Conclusions
References
3. Processing and preparation of graphene-based electroconductive textiles
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electroconductive textile
3.3 Graphene
3.4 The synthesis of graphene
3.5 Preparation techniques of graphene on textile
3.6 Reduction methods of graphene oxide-coated textile
3.7 Coating factors affect graphene add-on and electrical resistance
3.8 Graphene-based electroconductive textiles applications and future scope
3.9 Conclusion
References
4. MXene-based electroconductive textiles: synthesis to multidirectional applications
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrical conductivity of materials: definition and prospects
4.3 Introduction to electroconductive textiles: prospects and requirements
4.4 Chemistry and synthesis of precursors of MXene
4.5 Synthesis of MXene
4.6 Chemistry and properties of MXene
4.7 Methods for synthesizing MXene-based electroconductive textiles
4.8 Uses of MXene-based conductive textiles
4.9 Conclusion and future scope
References
5. Green synthesis of graphene oxide using coconut shell extract for multifunctional cotton fabric
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.3 Results and discussion
5.4 Conclusion
References
6. Conductive ink for printable wearable textile electronics
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Conductive ink preparation
6.3 Ink deposition technique
6.4 Electroanalytical aspect of conductive ink
6.5 Polypyrrole-based ink
6.6 Graphene-based conductive material
6.7 Conclusion
References
Section II: Characterization
7. Electrical properties of textiles
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Dielectric properties of textiles
7.3 Electrical conductivity of textiles
7.4 Triboelectric properties of textiles
7.5 Electrostatic propensity of textiles
7.6 Piezoelectric properties of textiles
7.7 Electromagnetic shielding properties of textiles
7.8 Conclusions
References
8. Development of conductive polymer-coated textiles for heat generation
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Conductive fiber-based textiles for heat generation
8.3 Various strategies of developing thermal management systems
8.4 Materials for development of Joule heating textiles
8.5 Electrical characteristics of Joule heating textiles
8.6 Thermal applications
8.7 Conclusion and outlook
Reference
9. Development of wearable strain, pressure, and humidity sensors
Abstract
9.1 Introduction to the wearable sensors
9.2 Classification of the different available sensors
9.3 Classifying individual sensors
9.4 Classifying wearable physical sensors
9.5 Piezoresistive strain sensors
9.6 Capacitive strain sensors
9.7 Chemical sensor
9.8 Gas sensors
9.9 Electrochemical sensors or ion sensors
9.10 Wearable biosensors
9.11 Multiplexed sensors
9.12 Wireless sensors
9.13 Bluetooth integrated sensors
9.14 Near field communication-integrated sensors
9.15 Flexible moisture sensor for human health monitoring
9.16 Conclusion
References
10. Development of conductive polymer-coated textiles for pressure and strain sensors
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Current market size
10.3 Major classes of textile sensors
10.4 Sensing mechanism of textile strain and pressure sensors
10.5 Material design and requirements for textile strain and pressure sensors
10.6 Conductive textiles
10.7 Functional significance of conductive polymer-coated textiles
10.8 Properties and performance of conductive polymer-coated textile
10.9 Preparation and processing techniques
10.10 Fabrication of conductive polymer-coated textile strain and pressure sensors
10.11 Different textile structures for conductive polymer-coated strain and pressure sensors and comparative study
10.12 Application of conductive polymer-coated strain and pressure sensors
10.13 Commercial manufacturers of conductive polymer-coated strain and pressure sensor
10.14 Future prospects and recommendations
10.15 Conclusion
References
11. Development of conductive textiles for electromagnetic shielding
Abstract
11.1 Overview of electromagnetic interference
11.2 Conductive textiles for shielding effectiveness shielding
11.3 Materials for electromagnetic interference shielding
11.4 Fabrication techniques for conductive textiles
11.5 Coating techniques for conductive textiles
11.6 Conductive textiles for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
11.7 Future prospectives
11.8 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Section III: Applications
12. Shape memory applications of electroconductive textiles
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Programming of shape memory polymers
12.3 Various types of shape memory polymers
12.4 Carbon-based shape memory polymers
12.5 Carbon nanotube-based shape memory polymers
12.6 Graphene-based shape memory polymers
12.7 Electroactive polymer-based shape memory polymers
12.8 Shape memory polymers containing silver nanofillers
12.9 Conclusion and future outlook
References
13. Conductive polymer and its application in textile-based thermoelectric generators
Abstract
13.1 Introduction to conducting polymers
13.2 Characteristics of polarons and bipolarons and their interactions with polymer chains
13.3 Mechanism of charge transport
13.4 Technology of conducting polymer-coated textiles for thermoelectric generators
13.5 Modification of properties using swift heavy ion irradiation
13.6 Factors to consider when choosing a conducting polymer for coating textiles in thermoelectric generators
13.7 Future possibilities: nanoconducting polymers
13.8 Conclusion
References
14. Development of test methods of the efficiency, durability, and safety of Joule heating textiles
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Test method for the characterization of the efficiency of Joule heating textiles
14.3 Test methods for the characterization of the durability of Joule heating textiles
14.4 Test methods for the characterization of the safety of heating textiles
14.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
15. Antimicrobial efficacy of electroconductive textiles
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Methods of preparation of electroconductive textiles
15.3 Electroconductive polymers
15.4 Electroconductive textiles with an antimicrobial effect
15.5 Methods of measurement of electrical resistivity of textile fabrics
15.6 Methods of measurement of antimicrobial efficacy
15.7 Conventional antimicrobial agents
15.8 Electroconductive materials as antimicrobial agents for textiles
15.9 Antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticle-coated textiles
15.10 Antimicrobial efficacy for poly(propynyl benzothiazolone)-coated textiles
15.11 Antimicrobial efficacy for graphene-coated textiles
15.12 Antimicrobial efficacy for copper oxide-coated textiles
15.13 Antimicrobial efficacy for polypyrrole-coated textiles
15.14 Antimicrobial efficacy for carbon nanotube-coated textiles
15.15 Antimicrobial efficacy for reduced graphene oxide-coated textiles
15.16 Antimicrobial efficacy for polyaniline-coated textiles
15.17 Antimicrobial efficacy of PEDOT:PSS-coated textiles
15.18 Antimicrobial efficacy for metal composite-knitted fabric
15.19 Antimicrobial properties of fabrics after electroless plating
15.20 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
16. Smart and interactive textiles
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Classification of smart textile materials
16.3 Smart textiles for esthetic enhancement
16.4 Ultrasmart textiles/garments
16.5 Energy-harvesting and energy storing garments
16.6 Monitoring and interactive textile
16.7 Existing commercial products in the markets
16.8 Conclusion
References
17. Wearable flexible energy storage devices
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Energy storage devices
17.3 Fabrication methods
17.4 Textile wearable energy storage devices
17.5 Fiber-type energy storage devices
17.6 Fabric-type energy storage device
17.7 Harvesting–storage integrated fabrics
17.8 Conclusions
References
18. Textile electret filter media
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Electrets
18.3 Basic electret characteristics
18.4 Charging phenomena
18.5 Preparation of electrets
18.6 Applications of electret filters
18.7 Air filtration by fibrous electrets
18.8 Conclusion
References
19. Textile wearable antennas
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Operating principles of antennas
19.3 Material requirements
19.4 Antenna design
19.5 Device characterization
19.6 State-of-the-art textile antennas and their applications
19.7 Conclusions
References
20. Graphene-based textiles for electromagnetic interference shielding
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Types of shielding materials
20.3 Textiles
20.4 Graphene-based products
20.5 Summary
20.6 Conclusion and future prospects
References
21. Conductive floor covering
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Principle and mechanism of electrically conductive floor coverings
21.3 Construction of electrically conductive floor coverings
21.4 Evaluation of electrically conductive floor coverings
21.5 Applications of electrically conductive floor covering
21.6 Future scope and conclusion
References
22. Triboelectric nanogenerator-based smart textiles
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 TENGs
22.3 The first principal theory of TENGs
22.4 Textiles and triboelectric nanogenerators
22.5 Categories of textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators
22.6 Materials for textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators
22.7 Textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator applications
22.8 Challenges in textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators
22.9 Conclusion
References
23. Sustainability in production and opportunities of electroconductive textiles
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Sustainable practices in textile production
23.3 Electroconductive textiles: an overview
23.4 Intersection of sustainability and electroconductive textiles
23.5 Challenges and solutions in the production of electroconductive textiles
23.6 The interdisciplinary approach to conductive textiles
23.7 Future directions
23.8 Conclusion
References
Index

Subhankar Maity

Dr. Subhankar Maity is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Textile Technology in Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, India. He has more than 10 years of industrial, teaching and research experience. His current teaching areas are technical textiles; structure and properties of fibres; statistical quality control in textile industry; knitting technology, and fabric formation. His main research focuses on conductive polymer coated textiles; graphene-based textiles; MXene based electro-conductive textiles; heat transfer behaviour of fibrous/polymeric materials and related functional textiles. He has more than 50 publications and has edited and authored for leading refereed journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant professor of Knitting, The Department of Textile Technology, Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Kanpur, India

Pintu Pandit

Dr. Pintu Pandit is an Assistant Professor at the Textile Design Department of the National Institute of Fashion Technology, India. He received his Ph. D (Tech.) degree in Fibres and Textile Processing Technology from the Institute of Chemical Technology, India. He obtained the IEI Young Engineers Award in 2020 from the Institute of Engineers (India) and Young Educator & Scholars Award in 2021 from the NFED (India). He has several research, review, and book chapter publications for national and international Scopus indexed journals in the areas of: Best out of waste; sustainability in textile and fashion; low-cost sustainable markets; natural dyeing; multifunctional finishing; graphene; atmospheric plasma technology, and nanotechnology. He has edited books for numerous prestigious publishers, including Woodhead publications (Elsevier). He has also published a series of chapters on “Graphene as a Wonder Material” in the Journal of Textile Association (TAI).

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Textile Design Department of the National Institute of Fashion Technology, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, Patna campus, Patna, India

Saptarshi Maiti

Dr. Saptarshi Maiti is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), India, after completing his post-doctoral research from ICT-Mumbai in 2022. He holds a PhD (Tech.) and M. Tech in Fibres and Textile Processing Technology from the Department of Fibres and Textile Processing Technology, ICT-Mumbai. His research areas include graphene and its applications in textiles; dendritic polymers; Protein extraction from waste resources; natural dyeing, and green processing of Textiles. He has to his credit more than 50 international publications and around 20 book chapters in the areas of textile chemistry and materials science and 1 patent. He has also published a series of chapters on “Graphene as a Wonder Material” in the Journal of Textile Association (TAI). Dr. Maiti has expertise in graphene and its applications in textiles. He is a Life member of The Indian Natural Fibre Society (INFS).

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Fibres and Textile Processing Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

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Advances in Electrically Conductive Textiles

Materials, Characterization, and Applications

Purchase options

Save 50% on book bundles

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Subhankar Maity

Pintu Pandit

Saptarshi Maiti