Advances in Agronomy

Contributors

Preface

Chapter One. Bioavailability, Toxicity, and Fate of Manufactured Nanomaterials in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Abstract

1 Manufactured Nanomaterials in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Emerging Contaminant?

2 Environmental Transformations of MNMs

3 Bioaccumulation, Toxicity, and Trophic Transfer of MNMs

4 Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of MNMs by Terrestrial Plants

5 Toxicity of MNMs to Terrestrial Plants

6 Uptake and Toxicity of MNMs to Soil Bacteria

7 Fungal Bioaccumulation and Mycotoxicity of MNMs

8 Uptake and Toxicity of MNMs to Soil Invertebrates

9 Dietary Uptake and Trophic Transfer of Nanoparticles in Terrestrial Ecosystems

10 Conclusion and Future Direction

References

Chapter Two. Global Warming and Its Possible Impact on Agriculture in India

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

3 Agents of Global Warming

4 Evidence for Climate Change and Impacts on Agriculture

5 Projected Climate Change in India

6 Impact of Global Warming on Agriculture and the Food Supply

7 Key Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies to Reduce the Effects of Climate Change

8 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter Three. Today's Use of Haploids in Corn Plant Breeding

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Methods to Produce Haploids in Maize

3 Characteristics of Maize Haploids

4 Inducing and Doubling Maternal Haploids to Produce Doubled Haploids (Instant Inbreds)

5 Utilizing Paternal Haploids for Converting Male-Fertile Lines into Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Lines

6 Comparing the Maternal Haploid and Paternal Haploid Systems

7 Concluding Statement

References

Chapter Four. Major Issues of Diffuse Reflectance NIR Spectroscopy in the Specific Context of Soil Carbon Content Estimation: A Review

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Theoretical Concepts Underlying Multivariate Calibration Based on Near-Infrared Spectra

3 Does Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Satisfy the Assumptions of the Linear Multivariate Calibration Methods When Applied on Soils?

4 Impacts on the Metrological Quality of the Prediction

5 Data Pretreatment Help to Fulfill the Assumptions of Linear Multivariate Calibrations

6 Other Calibration Strategies as an Alternative to Linear Models

7 General Conclusions

References

Chapter Five. Phosphorus: Its Efficient Use in Agriculture

Abstract

1 Background

2 Plant Availability of Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus

3 Changes in Thinking About the Behavior of Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus

4 A New Model to Describe the Behavior of Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus

5 Critical Level of Plant-Available Phosphorus in Soil

6 Methods for Assessing the Efficiency of Use of Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus

7 Availability of Other Plant Nutrients, Soil Conditions, and Agronomic Management on the Efficient Use of Phosphorus in Agriculture

8 Efficient Use of Phosphorus in Agriculture

9 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

Chapter Six. Decision Support Systems to Manage Irrigation in Agriculture

Abstract

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Decision Support Systems

3 DSS Application in Agriculture

4 Use of DSS for Managing Irrigation

5 Examples of DSS Application in Agriculture

6 Examples of DSS Application to Manage Irrigation

7 Discussions

8 Conclusions

List of Web Pages of DSS Applied For Irrigation

Acknowledgments

References

Index