A Textbook of Children's and Young People's Nursing

3rd Edition - November 30, 2020
Authors: Edward Alan Glasper, James Richardson, Duncan Randall
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 6 2 3 2 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 6 5 0 3 - 3

This innovative textbook provides a concise and accessible guide for undergraduate students specializing in children and young people’s nursing in the UK and further afield. Each c… Read more

A Textbook of Children's and Young People's Nursing

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This innovative textbook provides a concise and accessible guide for undergraduate students specializing in children and young people’s nursing in the UK and further afield.

Each chapter has been fully updated to reflect current knowledge and practice. The wide range of topics covered includes all the essentials, such as contemporary child health policy and legal issues; knowledge and skills for practice; and caring for children with special needs. Students will learn how to recognize the deteriorating child, use procedural play and distraction, and consider the mental health of children and young people.

A Textbook of Children's and Young People's Nursing
is written by multidisciplinary experts, rooted in child-centred healthcare within a family context, and draws upon best contemporary practice. It is an invaluable resource that will help nursing students provide effective, evidence-based care.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Dedication
Section 1. Context of Children’s Nursing Theories and Practices
1. Historical Perspectives of Children’s Nursing
Introduction
The Changing Concepts of Childhood
Dr Charles West – Father of Children’s Nursing
The Origins of Foundling Hospitals and Dispensaries
The Establishment of Children’s Hospitals
The Growth of Children’s Hospitals
The Origins of Education and Registration Of Children’s Nurses
Education of Children’s Nurses
Contemporary Children’s Nursing in the UK
Summary
2. Nursing, Children and Their Childhoods
Introduction
Theory and Nursing Theory: From Silent Knowing to Critical Thinking
Family Centred Care
Challenges to Family Centred Care
Nursing Theory: Something Borrowed?
Pragmatic Children’s Nursing
The Process of Learning/Growing in Pragmatic Children’s Nursing
Negotiating Care: A Tripartite Discussion
Negotiation of Care: Establishing Objectives
Outcome Measures: How do we Know if Children’s Nursing Care is of Good Quality?
Conclusions
3. Contemporary Child Health Policy: The Implications for Children’s Nurses
Introduction
The Role of Health Policy
Health Inequalities
How do Governments Respond to Policy Reviews?
UK Policy Variations
The Welfare of Children in Hospital (1959)
Other Historic Polices and Reports
Polices for Transition of Young People From Children’s to Adult Services
Polices to Promote Good Public Health for Children and Young People
Policies to Improve the Way in Which Children’s and Young People’s Services in Hospitals are Inspected by the Health Care Regulator
Polices That are Concerned With Staffing and Workforce in Child Health Areas
Facing the Future – Standards for Acute General Paediatric Services (Rcpch 2013)
Polices That Promote Child and Family Involvement in Care
Policies for Enhancing the Mental Health of Children and Young People
Getting it Right – Dealing With Accolades and Complaints
Dealing With Complaints
Conclusion
4. Contemporary Childhoods and Health
Introduction
Theories of Childhood
Psychological Theories of Childhood
Language Development
Personality Development
Moral Development
Children’s Conceptualisation of Health, Illness and Their Internal Bodies
Summary
5. Physical Growth and Development in Children
Introduction
Factors Affecting Growth and Development
Physical Growth and Development
Assessment of Growth
Transition From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life
The Newborn Baby
1 Month to 2 Years
General Trends in Height and Weight Gain During Childhood
Physical Growth From 5 Years to Adolescence
Adolescence
Suggested Areas for Observation of Children
6. Death and Dying in Childhood
Introduction
Children’s Concepts of Death
Theories of Grief in Child Loss
Summary
7. Ethical and Legal Aspects of Child Health Care
Introduction
The un Convention on the Rights of the Child And the Human Rights Act (1998)
The Four Principles of Health Care Ethics
The Legal System and Key Legal Principles
Refusal Of Treatment
End-of-Life Issues
Consent To Non-Therapeutic, Controversial or Experimental Treatment
Negligence
Criminal Liability
Summary
Section 2. Promote, Restore and Stabilise Health Status in Children: A Systems Approach to Childhood Conditions, Disease and Disability
8. Inherited Conditions and the Family
Introduction: The Revolution in Genetics and Genomics
Genetics and Genomics: The Paradigm Shift
The Impact of Genetic Disease on Family Life
It Runs In The Family: The Role Of Genetic Factors In Disease
Genetics Referral and the Family Journey: the Role of the Children’s Nurse
Nurse Education And Standards In Genetics/ Genomic
Ethical Issues For Children’s Nurses
Summary
9. Contemporary Issues in Genomics and Other ‘Omic’ Technologies for Children’s Nursing: An Introduction
Introduction: Genomics – What is all the Fuss About?
Mainstreaming Genomics in Paediatric Care. What Are the Implications for Children’s Nursing?
Making it Possible – Genomic Technologies
Pharmacogenomics
Other ‘Omic’ Technologies
Epigenomics
Ethical Issues and Challenges to Delivering Genomic Health Care
So What Does All This Mean for Children’s Nurses?
10. Homeostasis and the Deteriorating Child
Introduction
Regulation of Homeostasis
Recognition and Care of the Deteriorating Child
11. Respiratory Illness in Children
Introduction
Respiratory Assessment and Examination of the Chest
Management of Respiratory Illness in Children
Respiratory Infection
Asthma
Discussion of the Scenarios
12. Caring for Children and Young People With Cardiovascular Problems
Introduction
The Origins and Development of the Embryonic and Fetal Heart
Fetal Circulation and Changes Occurring at Birth
Congenital, Inherited and Acquired Cardiac Problems in Children and Young People
Summary
13. Children’s Liver Disease
Introduction
Development, Structure and Functions of the Liver
Signs and Symptoms of Liver Disease
Childhood liver diseases
Liver Transplantation
Summary
14. Renal Conditions in Childhood
Nephrotic Syndrome
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Wilms Tumour (Nephroblastoma)
Acute Kidney Injury
Chronic Kidney Disease
Transplant
Summary
15. Caring for Children With Non-Malignant Haematological Disorders of Childhood
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Haematological System
Interpretation of Blood Results
Non-Malignant Haematological Conditions
Management of Children with Haematological Disorders
Haemoglobinopathy
Thalassaemia
Bleeding Disorders
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Discussion of the Scenarios
16. Caring for a Child With a Neurological Disorder
Introduction
The Role, Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Neurological Disorders in Children
Summary
17. Children and Young People With Complex Motor Disability
Introduction
Definitions, Numbers, Needs and Services
Sources Of Information on Children With Complex Motor Disability
Families’ Experiences of Services
Nursing Assessment and Interventions
Summary
18. Caring for Children and Young People With Orthopaedic Disorders
Bone Biology
Fractures
Traction
Polytrauma
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Nursing Care of a Child With a Hip Spica Cast
Talipes (Clubfoot)
Perthes Disease
Discharge Planning
19. Caring for Children With Infection and Altered Immune Responses
Introduction
The Immune System and Defence Against Infection
Inflammation
The Adaptive Immune System
Conclusion
20. Caring for Children With Diabetes and Other Endocrine Disorders
Endocrine System
Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Discussion of the Scenarios
Summary
21. Caring for Children With Gastrointestinal Problems
Vomiting
Diarrhoea: Acute and Chronic
Malabsorption and Food Allergies
Summary
22. Caring for Children With Genitourinary Problems
Urinary Tract Infections
Vesicoureteric Reflux
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism
Phimosis and Circumcision
Summary
23. Skin Disease in Children and Young People
Introduction
Biology of the Skin
Common Skin Infections
Fungal Infections
Viral Infections
Infestations
Eczema
Psoriasis
Acne Vulgaris
Infantile Haemangiomas
Epidermolysis Bullosa
The Ichthyoses
Psychological Effects of Skin Disease on Children and Their Families
Section 3. Negotiation of Care
24. Recognising and Responding to Child Maltreatment: The Role of the Children’s Nurse
Introduction
Defining Child Maltreatment and the Interlinking Categories of Abuse
The Changing Landscape of Child Protection
Conclusion
25. Cultural Aspects of Children’s Nursing
What is culture?
Summary
26. Empowering Children and Young People and Families in Health Care
Introduction
Empowerment
Section One
Section 2
Section 3
Conclusion
27. Assessing, Planning, Evaluating and Recording Nursing Care for Children and Young People in Partnership
Introduction
The Nature of Assessment
Assessment and Planning in Context
Conclusion
28. The Management of Pain in Children and Young People
Introduction
Why Assessing and Managing Pain in Children and Young People is Important
The Anatomy and Physiology of Pain
Assessing Pain in Children and Young People
Managing Procedural Pain in Children And Young People
Managing Acute Pain in Children and Young People
Managing Chronic Pain in Children and Young People
Summary
29. Transition to Young Adulthood – A Particular Challenge for Developing Young People With Long-Term or Life-Limiting Conditions and Disabilities
Introduction
Key Concepts: Transition and Trajectory
Transition in the Health and Social Care Context
Long-Term Conditions
Mental Health Transitions – A Global Concern?
Priorities for Families
Examples of Tools to Support the Transition Process
30. Play for Children and Young People in Hospital and Healthcare Settings
The Role of Play for Children and Young People
Principles of Play Therapy
The Development of Play in The Healthcare Environment
The role of the Health Play Specialist
Professional Boundaries and Play
The Role of Play in Children’s Nursing Practice
Play and the Children and Young People with Disability and Complex Healthcare Needs (CHCN)
Reducing the Effects of Hospitalisation Through Play
Pre and Post Procedural Play
The Role of Play in Distraction and Diversional Therapy
Desensitisation Through Play
Summary
31. Sexual Health in Childhood and Young Adulthood
Introduction
Sexual Health
Age-Appropriate Sexual Behaviour
Adolescence and Sexuality
Trends in Young People’s Sexual Activity
The Consequences of Poor Sexual Health
Public Sexual Health Issues
Disorders Of Sexual Development
The Nurse’s Role
Section 4. Organisation of Children’s Nursing
32. Health Problems of the Neonate
Introduction
The Developing Brain
Parents
Common Neonatal Diseases and Conditions
Neonatal Hypothermia
Neonatal Hypoglycaemia
Neonatal Nutrition
Infection in the Neonate
Pain in the Neonate
Neonatal Respiratory Problems
Summary
33. The Role of the Community Children’s Nurse (CCN): Managing Care at ‘Home’
Part 1: The Development of the Role of The CCN
Part 2: Putting the Child at the Centre: The Importance of Childhood and ‘Home’
Part 3: Managing Risk: Negotiating Roles and Care Responsibilities of the Nurse, Child, and/or Carer
Part 4: Evaluating Care With the Child and Family
34. Leading Innovation and Improvements in Children’s and Young People’s Nursing Through Best Evidence
Practical Reflections
Seminar Discusion Topic
Professional Conversations
Summary
35. Caring for Children With Critical Illness
Introduction
What is Critical Illness?
Organisation of Pic Services
Identifying Levels of Paediatric Critical Care
Family-Centred Critical Care – Exploring The Evidence
Summary
36. Emergency Care, Out of Hospital Care, Emergency Department Assessment and Inpatient Care
The Evolution of Emergency Care for Children and Young People
Transforming Urgent and Emergency Care
Urgent Care Services
Major Trauma, Trauma Team and Emergency Care Teams
Children’s Nurses in Emergency Departments
Family-Centred Care in the Emergency Department
Summary
37. Pharmacological Interventions, Calculations, Administration and Evaluation
Introduction
Calculating to Promote Safe Administration of Medicines
Interventions to Promote The Safe Administration of Medicines to Chldren and Young People
Pharmacological Knowledge Needed to Support Safe Administration of Medicines to Cyp
The Prescription – Why Cyp are Different and Need Special Consideration?
Working in Partnership With Children And Families – Evaluating Care and Promoting Adherence to Medication Regimens
38. Children and Surgery
Why Children Need Surgery
Ethics and the Law in Paediatric Perioperative Settings
Pre-Admission Programmes
Purpose and Role of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist
Flow Through the Operating Rooms
Parents In Post-Operative Recovemry
Common Paediatric Surgeries
39. Caring for Children and Young People With Cancer
Introduction
What is Cancer?
Cancer Treatments
Models of Care Delivery
Psychological Well-Being
Teenagers And Young Adults
Living Beyond A Cancer Diagnosis
Palliative and end-of-Life Care and Death
Summary
40. Children Living With Long-Term Conditions
Introduction
Defining Long-Term Conditions
Living with a Long-Term Condition: Health-Related Quality of Life
Continuity, Relationships and Multi-Disciplinary/Agency Team Working
Children Doing It for Themselves! Self-Care in Childhood
Long-Term Conditions In A Digital Age
Summary
41. Children Living With Long-Term Conditions: Child and Adolescent Mental Health: The Nursing Response
Introduction – A Call to Action
Understanding the Policy Framework and Legal Context of Caring for Children and Young People with Mental Health Needs
Promoting Emotional Health and Well-Being and the Role of Schools
Understanding the Link Between Physical and Psychological Health Needs in Children and Young People
The Developmental and Social Determinants of Mental Health Issues in Children and Young People
The Continuum of Mental Health and Illness and the Factors That Promote Health and Increase Risk Factors
The Role of Children’s Nurses in Helping Specific Groups of Young People
Using Core Interpersonal Nursing Skills to Support Children and Young People Experiencing Mental Distress
The Therapeutic Relationship
Summary
42. Children With a Learning Disability and/or Autistic Spectrum Conditions
Introduction
Context of Care
The Prevalence of People With a Learning Disability And/Or an Autistic Spectrum Condition
Terminology
Diagnosis
Definitions and Causes of Learning Disability
Definitions and Causes of Autism
The Health Needs of Children with Learning Disabilities and/or Autistic Spectrum Conditions
The Impact of Learning Disabilities and/or Autistic Spectrum Conditions for the Child and the Family
Working Together
Jenny
Simon
Summary
43. Care of the Child and Young Person Requiring Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Introduction
Palliative Care for Children
End-of-Life Care
Spiritual Care
Care of the Child Following Death
Bereavement Care
The Needs of The Health Care Professional
Summary
Index

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A Textbook of Children's and Young People's Nursing

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Edward Alan Glasper

James Richardson

Duncan Randall