A Study of Growth and Decline

Contents

Introduction

Part 1. Elements of A Theory of Urban Development

1. Introduction

2. The Actors in the Urban System

2.1. Households As Actors in the Urban System

2.2. The Industrial Sector As An Actor in the Urban System

2.3. The Government As An Actor in the Urban System

3. Stages of Urban Development

3.1. The First Stage: Urbanization

3.2. The Second Stage: Suburbanization

3.3. The Third Stage: Desurbanization and Inter-Urban Decentralization

3.4. The Future: Reurbanization!

Part II. Empirical Analysis of Urban Development Trends

4. Introduction

4.1. Objectives

4.2. Concepts, Methods, and Definitions

5. The Sample of Functional Urban Regions

6. Trends of Urban Development: Urban Municipalities, 1960-1970

6.1. Population Change By Size Group

6.2. The Regional Distribution of Urban Change

6.3. Urban Change and the Functional Classification of Urban Municipalities and Regions

6.4. The Demographic Components of Urban Change

6.5. The Relation Between Employment and Population Change

6.6. Some Conclusions

7. Trends in Urban Development: Functional Urban Regions, 1950-1975

7.1. Population-Growth Performance By Urban Zones

7.2. Stages of Urban Development: A Classification of Fur

7.3. Variation in Fur Development Trends, 1960-1970

7.4. Urban-Development Stages, 1950-1975

7.5. Urban Trends in Each Dominant Stage of Development

7.6. Summary

Part III. Elements of A Theory On Urban Policy and An Evaluation of National Urban Policies in Europe

8. Introduction

9. A Theory of Urban Policy

9.1. What Is Urban Policy?

9.2. Components of Urban Policy

9.3. Motives For Urban Policy

10. Introduction To The Evaluation of National Urban Policies in Europe

11. Urban Policy in Relation To Core Regions

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Urban Policy in the Urbanization Phase

11.3. Towards A National Plan For Urban Development

11.4. Growth Limitation and Suburbanization

11.5. Town Reconstruction and Town Renovation

12. Urban Policy in Problem Areas

12.1. General Remarks

12.2. Migration Policy

12.3. Regional Stimulation Policy

13. The Nature of Planning

Mathematical Appendix

1. Government Expenditure, Potentials and Welfare

1.1. Governmental Welfare Policy

1.2. Potentials and Government Expenditure

2. Optimum Allocation of Welfare Investments

2.1. Approach For Two Facilities and N Regions

2.2. The Solution of The System