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A Computational Logic
- 1st Edition - June 25, 2014
- Authors: Robert S. Boyer, J Strother Moore
- Editor: Thomas A. Standish
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 3 6 5 2 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 7 8 8 - 2
ACM Monograph Series: A Computational Logic focuses on the use of induction in proving theorems, including the use of lemmas and axioms, free variables, equalities, and… Read more
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Request a sales quoteACM Monograph Series: A Computational Logic focuses on the use of induction in proving theorems, including the use of lemmas and axioms, free variables, equalities, and generalization. The publication first elaborates on a sketch of the theory and two simple examples, a precise definition of the theory, and correctness of a tautology-checker. Topics include mechanical proofs, informal development, formal specification of the problem, well-founded relations, natural numbers, and literal atoms. The book then examines the use of type information to simplify formulas, use of axioms and lemmas as rewrite rules, and the use of definitions. Topics include nonrecursive functions, computing values, free variables in hypothesis, infinite backwards chaining, infinite looping, computing type sets, and type prescriptions. The manuscript takes a look at rewriting terms and simplifying clauses, eliminating destructors and irrelevance, using equalities, and generalization. Concerns include reasons for eliminating isolated hypotheses, precise statement of the generalization heuristic, restricting generalizations, precise use of equalities, and multiple destructors and infinite looping. The publication is a vital source of data for researchers interested in computational logic.
Preface
I. Introduction
A. Motivation
B. Our Formal Theory
C. Proof Techniques
D. Examples
E. Our Mechanical Theorem-Prover
F. Artificial Intelligence or Logic?
G. Organization
II. A Sketch of the Theory and Two Simple Examples
A. An Informal Sketch of the Theory
B. A Simple Inductive Proof
C. A More Difficult Problem
D. A More Difficult Proof
E. Summary
F. Notes
III. A Precise Definition of the Theory
A. Syntax
B. The Theory of If and Equal
C. Well-Founded Relations
D. Induction
E. Shells
F. Natural Numbers
G. Literal Atoms
H. Ordered Pairs
I. Definitions
J. Lexicographic Relations
K. Lessp and Count
L. Conclusion
IV. The Correctness of a Tautology-Checker
A. Informal Development
B. Formal Specification of the Problem
C. The Former Definition of Tautology.Checker
D. The Mechanical Proofs
E. Summary
F. Notes
V. An Overview of How We Prove Theorems
A. The Role of the User
B. Clausal Representation of Conjectures
C. The Organization of Our Heuristics
D. The Organization of Our Presentation
VI. Using Type Information to Simplify Formulas
A. Type Sets
B. Assuming Expressions True or False
C. Computing Type Sets
D. Type Prescriptions
E. Summary
F. Notes
VII. Using Axioms and Lemmas as Rewrite Rules
A. Directed Equalities
B. Infinite Looping
C. More General Rewrite Rules
D. An Example of Using Rewrite Rules
E. Infinite Backwards Chaining
F. Free Variables in Hypotheses
VIII. Using Definitions
A. Nonrecursive Functions
B. Computing Values
C. Diving in to See
IX. Rewriting Terms and Simplifying Clauses
A. Rewriting Terms
B. Simplifying Clauses
C. The Reverse Example
D. Simplification in the Reverse Example
X. Eliminating Destructors
A. Trading Bad Terms for Good Terms
B. The Form of Elimination Lemmas
C. The Precise Use of Elimination Lemmas
D. A Nontrivial Example
E. Multiple Destructors and Infinite Looping
F. When Elimination Is Risky
G. Destructor Elimination in the Reverse Example
XI. Using Equalities
A. Using and Throwing Away Equalities
B. Cross-Fertilization
C. A Simple Example of Cross-Fertilization
D. The Precise Use of Equalities
E. Cross-Fertilization in the Reverse Example
XII. Generalization
A. A Simple Generalization Heuristic
B. Restricting Generalizations
C. Examples of Generalizations
D. The Precise Statement of the Generalization Heuristic
E. Generalization in the Reverse Example
XIII. Eliminating Irrelevance
A. Two Simple Checks for Irrelevance
B. The Reason for Eliminating Isolated Hypotheses
C. Elimination of Irrelevance in the Reverse Example
XIV. Induction and the Analysis of Recursive Definitions
A. Satisfying the Principle of Definition
B. Induction Schemes Suggested by Recursive Functions
C. The Details of the Definition-Time Analysis
D. Recursion in the Reverse Example
XV. Formulating an Induction Scheme for a Conjecture
A. Collecting the Induction Candidates
B. The Heuristic Manipulation of Induction Schemes
C. Examples of Induction
D. The Entire Reverse Example
XVI. Illustrations of Our Techniques via Elementary Number Theory
A. Plus.Right.Id
B. Commutativity2.of.Plus
C. Commutativity.of.Plus
D. Associativity.of.Plus
E. Times
F. Times.Zero
G. Times.Add1
H. Associativity.of.Times
I. Difference
J. Recursion.by.Difference
K. Remainder
L. Quotient
M. Remainder.Quotient.Elim
XVII. The Correctness of a Simple Optimizing Expression Compiler
A. Informal Development
B. Formal Specification of the Problem
C. Formal Definition of the Compiler
D. The Mechanical Proof of Correctness
E. Notes
XVIII. The Correctness of a Fast String Searching Algorithm
A. Informal Development
B. Formal Specification of the Problem
C. Developing the Verification Conditions for the Algorithm
D. The Mechanical Proofs of the Verification Conditions
E. Notes
XIX. The Unique Prime Factorization Theorem
A. The Context
B. Formal Development of the Unique Prime Factorization Theorem
C. The Mechanical Proofs
Appendix A. Definitions Accepted and Theorems Proved by Our System
Appendix B. The Implementation of the Shell Principle
Appendix C. Clauses for Our Theory
References
Index
- No. of pages: 414
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: June 25, 2014
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9781483236520
- eBook ISBN: 9781483277882