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3rd Generation Biofuels
Disruptive Technologies to Enable Commercial Production
1st Edition - June 1, 2022
Editors: Eduardo Jacob-Lopes, Leila Queiroz Zepka, Ihana Aguiar Severo, Mariana Manzoni Maroneze
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 9 7 1 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 3 3 8 - 7
3rd Generation Biofuels: Disruptive Technologies to Enable Commercial Production is a comprehensive volume on all aspects of algal biofuels, offering the latest advances on… Read more
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3rd Generation Biofuels: Disruptive Technologies to Enable Commercial Production is a comprehensive volume on all aspects of algal biofuels, offering the latest advances on commercial implementation. In addition to the fundamentals, the book discusses all applied aspects of 3rd generation biofuels production, including design approaches, unit operations of the upstream and downstream biomass processing, and every potential microalgae-based energy product, including microbial fuel cells. Policy, economic, environmental, and regulatory issues are addressed in a dedicated section. Finally, the book presents pilot and demonstration-scale projects for 3rd generation biofuels production in the format of a white paper. Each chapter reviews the state of the art, discusses the disruptive technological approaches that will potentially enable large-scale production, and concludes with specific recommendations on how to achieve commercial competitiveness.
The book provides readers with an invaluable reference for researchers, graduates, and practitioners working in the areas of renewable energy, bioenergy and alternative fuels, and biotechnology.
- Offers a sequential framework for the design of process plants using 3rd generation feedstock
- Presents dedicated sections on case studies at pilot and demonstration scales as well as on policy, economic, and environmental issues
- Provides a global perspective on biofuels production, with more than 40 contributions from world-renouned experts
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- About the editors
- Preface
- Part One: Fundamentals
- 1: The choice of algae strain for the biofuel production: Native, genetically modified, and microbial consortia
- Abstract
- 1.1: Introduction
- 1.2: Native microalgae for biofuel production
- 1.3: Genetically modified microalgae
- 1.4: Microalgal consortia
- 1.5: Conclusion and future perspective
- References
- 2: Criteria for the development of culture media applied to microalgae-based fuel production
- Abstract
- 2.1: Introduction
- 2.2: Current stage of microalgae-based fuels
- 2.3: New cultivation media development: The present and future
- 2.4: Cultivation modes and cultivation media development
- 2.5: Negative impacts of cultivation media: How to mitigate
- 2.6: The future of the culture media development: Modeling and aquaculture 4.0
- 2.7: Processing the biomass produced
- 2.8: Conclusions
- References
- 3: Genome editing approaches applied to microalgae-based fuels
- Abstract
- 3.1: Introduction
- 3.2: ZFN: Programmable DNA-binding protein system for genome editing
- 3.3: TALEN: Activator-like effector applicable for genome editing
- 3.4: CRISPR-Cas: RNA-guided DNA endonuclease
- 3.5: Cpf1: A RNA-guided genome editing alternative
- 3.6: Improving the performance of CRISPR-Cas in microalgae
- 3.7: Examples of CRISPR-Cas genome editing for increasing oil content in microalgae
- 3.8: Prospect and challenge
- References
- 4: Biochemical engineering approaches to enhance the production of microalgae-based fuels
- Abstract
- 4.1: Introduction
- 4.2: Fatty acid biosynthesis in microalgae
- 4.3: Manipulation of microalgae fatty acid biosynthesis using biochemical engineering approaches
- 4.4: Conclusion
- References
- Part Two: From upstream to downstream processing
- 5: Impact of culture conditions on microalgae-based fuel production
- Abstract
- 5.1: Introduction
- 5.2: State of the art
- 5.3: Disruptive technological approaches
- 5.4: Recommendations
- References
- Further reading
- 6: Process control strategies applied to microalgae-based biofuel production
- Abstract
- 6.1: Introduction
- 6.2: Why process monitoring and control are important for large-scale microalgal cultivations
- 6.3: Process control variables in cultivation of microalgae
- 6.4: Tools for real-time monitoring and control of microalgae production processes
- 6.5: Smart sensors and actuators
- 6.6: Smart microalgae cultivation/farming systems
- 6.7: Automation for the continuous cultivation of microalgae
- 6.8: Challenges
- 6.9: Conclusion and future directions
- References
- 7: Carbon dioxide capture and its use to produce microalgae-based fuels
- Abstract
- 7.1: Introduction
- 7.2: Oxygenic photosynthesis
- 7.3: Role of CO2 in photosynthesis
- 7.4: CO2 and biomass production
- 7.5: Carbon dioxide and microalgae-based biofuels
- 7.6: Conclusions
- References
- 8: Wastewater, reclaimed water, and seawater utilization in the production of microalgae-based fuels
- Abstract
- 8.1: Introduction
- 8.2: Wastewater for the production of microalgae for fuel generation
- 8.3: Seawater as a medium for the production of microalgae for fuel generation
- 8.4: Reclaimed water for the production of microalgae to fuel generation
- 8.5: Contribution to the circular economy
- 8.6: Conclusions
- References
- 9: Unit operations applied for microalgae-based solid–liquid separation
- Abstract
- 9.1: Introduction
- 9.2: Solid–liquid separation processes employed for algae harvesting
- 9.3: Coagulation-flocculation: A method to enhance separation
- 9.4: Algal characteristics and the associated influence on separation
- 9.5: The cost of algal cultivation and harvesting
- 9.6: Unit operation selection
- 9.7: Conclusions
- References
- 10: Unit operations applied to drying microalgal biomass
- Abstract
- Acknowledgment
- 10.1: Introduction
- 10.2: Unit operations of drying
- 10.3: Disruptive technologies for predrying treatments
- 10.4: Recommendations
- References
- 11: Unit operations applied to cell disruption of microalgae
- Abstract
- 11.1: Introduction
- 11.2: Standard methods
- 11.3: Novel techniques
- 11.4: Applications
- 11.5: Considerations regarding cell-wall characteristics and energy consumption
- 11.6: Future perspective
- References
- 12: Microalgae biofuels: Engineering-scale process integration approaches
- Abstract
- 12.1: Background
- 12.2: State-of-the-art
- 12.3: Disruptive technological approaches
- 12.4: Recommendations
- References
- 13: Process intensification of microalgal biofuel production
- Abstract
- 13.1: Introduction to intensified microalgal processing
- 13.2: Intensification via co-cultivation or biofilm techniques
- 13.3: Dual harvesting and cell disruption using ozone-flotation
- 13.4: Rapid biofuel production using chemical, biological, or thermal methods
- 13.5: Options for process intensification in industry
- 13.6: Perspective and conclusions
- References
- 14: Biofuels and chemicals from microalgae
- Abstract
- 14.1: Introduction
- 14.2: Current state-of-the-art technologies for extraction and conversion of microalgae
- 14.3: Disruptive technological approaches
- 14.4: Conclusions and recommendations
- References
- 15: Biorefinery approaches for integral use of microalgal biomass
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 15.1: Introduction
- 15.2: State of the art in microalgal processing
- 15.3: Integrating processes
- 15.4: Modeling and simulation as tools for process development
- 15.5: Mass culture management and fertilization
- 15.6: Perspectives and conclusions
- References
- 16: Topology analysis of the third-generation biofuels
- Abstract
- 16.1: Introduction
- 16.2: State of the art
- 16.3: Disruptive technological approaches
- 16.4: Recommendations
- References
- 17: Nanotechnology approaches to enhance the development of biofuels from microalgae
- Abstract
- 17.1: Introduction
- 17.2: Microalgae-mediated biofuel production
- 17.3: Nanoparticles as additives in microalgal biofuel production
- 17.4: Nanoparticles to improve enzyme kinetics in microalgae
- 17.5: Photocatalytic nanoparticles for microalgal biofuel production
- 17.6: Future perspective
- 17.7: Conclusion
- References
- 18: Biotechnology advancements in CO2 capture and conversion by microalgae-based systems
- Abstract
- 18.1: Introduction
- 18.2: State of the art
- 18.3: New scientific trends are pointing toward a most promising future of CO2 mitigation by microalgae
- 18.4: Recommendations
- References
- Part Three: Microalgae-based energy products
- 19: Biodiesel from microalgae
- Abstract
- Declaration
- 19.1: Introduction
- 19.2: Lipids integrated into microalgal cell structures
- 19.3: Stimulating lipid yield and quality
- 19.4: Scaling up microalgae to biodiesel production
- 19.5: Extracting lipids from dewatered or wet microalgal biomass
- 19.6: Transesterification of lipids to produce FAME
- 19.7: Improving lipid yield and quality
- 19.8: Genetically engineering fourth-generation biodiesel
- 19.9: Non-fuel co-products associated with microalgal lipids
- 19.10: Offering wastewater and effluent handling solutions
- 19.11: Conclusions
- References
- 20: Bioethanol from microalgae
- Abstract
- 20.1: Introduction
- 20.2: Microalgae and cultivation systems to produce carbohydrate-rich biomass
- 20.3: Cultivation/harvesting methods
- 20.4: Saccharification methods
- 20.5: Ethanolic fermentation
- 20.6: Conclusions and future prospects
- References
- Further reading
- 21: Biomethane from microalgae
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 21.1: Introduction
- 21.2: Biomethane production potential from microalgae
- 21.3: Operational parameters affecting anaerobic digestion of microalgae
- 21.4: Disruptive technological approaches
- 21.5: Future research needs for commercialization
- References
- 22: Biohydrogen from microalgae
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 22.1: Introduction
- 22.2: State of the art
- 22.3: Disruptive technological approaches
- 22.4: Recommendations
- References
- 23: Biobutanol from microalgae
- Abstract
- 23.1: Introduction
- 23.2: State of the art
- 23.3: Disruptive technological approaches
- 23.4: Recommendations
- References
- 24: Syngas from microalgae
- Abstract
- 24.1: Background
- 24.2: Syngas production via gasification
- 24.3: Syngas clean-up
- 24.4: Tar treatment
- 24.5: Industrial applications of syngas
- 24.6: Recommendation
- References
- 25: Volatile organic compounds from microalgae as an alternative for the production of bioenergy
- Abstract
- 25.1: Introduction
- 25.2: Volatile organic compounds from microalgae
- 25.3: Microalgae gaseous biofuel
- 25.4: Microalgae metabolism
- 25.5: Final considerations
- 25.6: Conclusion
- References
- 26: Biochar from microalgae
- Abstract
- 26.1: Introduction
- 26.2: Microalgal biochar characterization
- 26.3: Production of microalgal biochar
- 26.4: Preparation of microalgal biochar before applications
- 26.5: Application of microalgal biochar
- 26.6: Summary and perspectives
- References
- 27: Production of renewable aviation fuel from microalgae
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 27.1: Introduction
- 27.2: State of the art
- 27.3: Disruptive technological approaches
- 27.4: Recommendations
- References
- 28: Direct combustion of microalgae biomass to generate bioelectricity
- Abstract
- 28.1: Introduction
- 28.2: State of the art
- 28.3: Experimental
- 28.4: Recommendations
- References
- 29: Phototrophic microbial fuel cells
- Abstract
- 29.1: Microbial fuel cells and photosynthesis: PMFC, living within the immediate carbon cycle
- 29.2: Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
- 29.3: Primary biomass
- 29.4: Secondary or tertiary biomass
- 29.5: Climate and environment
- 29.6: Standard MFC
- 29.7: Open-to-air, single-chamber MFC
- 29.8: Proton exchange membranes
- 29.9: Large and small MFC
- 29.10: Membraneless MFC
- 29.11: Microfluidic MFC (MMFC)
- 29.12: Organic feedstock and inocula
- 29.13: Acclimation of the inoculum
- 29.14: Electrodes
- 29.15: Thick and thin electroactive biofilms
- 29.16: Microalgae
- 29.17: Photobioreactors (PBRs)
- 29.18: Algal cell biofilms
- 29.19: Photo-microbial fuel cells (PMFCs)
- 29.20: Cathodic PMFC
- 29.21: Summary
- References
- Part Four: Policy, regulatory, economic, intellectual property, and environmental aspects
- 30: Energy policies in the context of third-generation biofuels
- Abstract
- 30.1: Introduction
- 30.2: Evolution of biofuels
- 30.3: Third-generation biofuel
- 30.4: Biofuel policy across the world
- 30.5: Policies regarding third-generation biofuel
- 30.6: Conclusion
- References
- 31: Global profile and market potentials of the third-generation biofuels
- Abstract
- 31.1: Introduction
- 31.2: Global profile of third-generation biofuels
- 31.3: Market potentials of third-generation biofuels
- 31.4: Future projections of the global algae biofuel market
- 31.5: Conclusions
- References
- 32: Third-generation biofuels and food security
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 32.1: Introduction
- 32.2: Food vs fuel dilemma
- 32.3: Third-generation biofuels
- 32.4: Impact of third-generation biofuels on food security
- 32.5: Conclusion
- References
- 33: Bioeconomy of microalgae-based fuels
- Abstract
- 33.1: Introduction
- 33.2: The green business model as a framework for the algae industry
- 33.3: Algae biofuel and the environment
- 33.4: Economic viability of algae biofuels
- 33.5: Social sustainability
- 33.6: Conclusions
- References
- 34: Cost–benefit analysis of third-generation biofuels
- Abstract
- 34.1: Introduction
- 34.2: Feedstocks and biofuels in third generation
- 34.3: Techno-economic analysis
- 34.4: Models and tools for cost–benefit analysis
- 34.5: Methods of cost calculations
- 34.6: Different types of algal biofuel productions and cost analysis
- 34.7: Sensitivity analysis
- 34.8: Conclusion
- References
- 35: Environmental sustainability metrics and indicators of microalgae-based fuels
- Abstract
- 35.1: Introduction
- 35.2: Current LCA of microalgal biofuels
- 35.3: Sustainability targets in LCA
- 35.4: LCA results for biodiesel from freshwater autotrophic microalgae compared with the conservation of natural capital, the conservation of carrying capacity of ecosystems and staying within planetary boundaries
- References
- 36: Exergy analysis of the third-generation biofuels
- Abstract
- 36.1: Exergy concept
- 36.2: Exergy components
- 36.3: Exergy analysis
- 36.4: Exergetic variables
- 36.5: Exergy analysis for production process of third-generation biofuels
- 36.6: Exergy analysis of syngas production from microalgae
- 36.7: Exergy analysis for third-generation biofuel utilization
- References
- 37: Synthetic Genomics: Intellectual property, innovation policy, and advanced biofuels
- Abstract
- 37.1: Introduction
- 37.2: State-of-the-art: Synthetic Genomics
- 37.3: Patent law and biofuels
- 37.4: Secondary forms of intellectual property
- 37.5: Disruptive technological approaches
- 37.6: Recommendations/conclusion
- References
- 38: Socioeconomic aspects of third-generation biofuels
- Abstract
- Acknowledgment
- 38.1: Introduction
- 38.2: Biofuel generations and production
- 38.3: Socioeconomic aspects of biofuels
- 38.4: Environmental aspects and sustainability
- 38.5: Policy and geopolitical aspects
- 38.6: Discussion and conclusions
- References
- 39: Social acceptance of third-generation biofuels
- Abstract
- 39.1: Introduction
- 39.2: Defining social acceptance
- 39.3: Socio-political acceptance
- 39.4: Community acceptance
- 39.5: Market acceptance
- 39.6: Conclusions
- References
- Part Five: Pilot projects and demonstration-scale: Case studies for biofuels production
- 40: Production of microalgae on source-separated human urine
- Abstract
- 40.1: Introduction
- 40.2: Urine collection systems
- 40.3: Microalgae strain selection
- 40.4: Microalgae cultivation systems
- 40.5: Microalgal reactors
- 40.6: Parameters impacting performance
- 40.7: Operation of pilot reactors
- 40.8: Concluding remarks and perspectives
- References
- 41: Practical guide to algal biomass production: What can we learn from past successes and failures?
- Abstract
- 41.1: Introduction
- 41.2: Phytoplankton cultivation
- 41.3: Successes and failures during outdoor phytoplankton cultivation in ponds
- 41.4: Constraints during commercial cultivation
- 41.5: Managing biological risks
- 41.6: Regulatory aspects
- 41.7: Conclusions and recommendations
- References
- 42: Challenges for microalgae cultivation in sugarcane processing wastewater (vinasse) for biodiesel production: From the bench to pilot scale
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 42.1: Sugarcane vinasse
- 42.2: Studies pre-scaling for microalgal lipid productivity from vinasse
- 42.3: Experiences and challenges of sugarcane vinasse microalgae cultivation in pilot-scale bioreactor
- 42.4: Conclusions and outlook
- References
- 43: Hybrid photobioreactors: The success-to-failure experiences on pilot scale
- Abstract
- Acknowledgment
- 43.1: Background
- 43.2: Hybrid photobioreactor—A framework
- 43.3: Plant pilot hybrid photobioreactor
- 43.4: Failures and successes on photobioreactors—Critical review
- 43.5: Knowledge × know-how—Current microalgal scenario
- 43.6: Conclusions
- References
- 44: The experiences of success and failure in the pilot and real-scale photosynthetic biogas production
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 44.1: Introduction
- 44.2: Biogas production from anaerobic digestion process
- 44.3: Photosynthetic biogas upgrading with microalgae
- 44.4: Life cycle assessment of photosynthetic biogas upgrading
- 44.5: Techno-economic analysis of photosynthetic biogas upgrading
- 44.6: Final considerations
- References
- 45: Best practices for bio-crude oil production at pilot scale using continuous flow reactors
- Abstract
- 45.1: Background: Developing larger-scale hydrothermal liquefaction reactor systems
- 45.2: Challenges for transitioning from batch to continuous reactors
- 45.3: Reactor systems at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- 45.4: Reactor systems at Aarhus University
- 45.5: Pilot-scale HTL reactor system at NMSU
- 45.6: Conclusions and recommendations
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 1164
- Language: English
- Published: June 1, 2022
- Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323909716
- eBook ISBN: 9780323903387
EJ
Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
Prof. Eduardo Jacob-Lopes is currently associate professor at the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. He has more than 18 years of teaching and research experience. He is a technical and scientific consultant of several companies, agencies, and scientific journals. He has more than 600 publications/communications and has registered 15 patents. His research interest includes biotechnology and bioengineering with emphasis on microalgal biotechnology.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor at the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria,
Santa Maria, BrazilLQ
Leila Queiroz Zepka
Dr. Leila Queiroz Zepka is currently an Associate professor at the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). She has more than 15 years of teaching and research experience. She has published more than 500 scientific publications/communications, which include 10 books, 50 book chapters, 100 original research papers, 350 research communications in national and international conferences, and 12 patents. She is a member of the editorial board of 5 journals and acts as a reviewer for several national and international journals. Her research interest includes microalgal biotechnology with an emphasis on microalgae-based products.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor at the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria,
Santa Maria, BrazilIS
Ihana Aguiar Severo
Dr. Ihana Aguiar Severo is currently a researcher at the Sustainable Energy Research and Development Center (NPDEAS), Federal University of Paraná, Brazil. She has published more than 60 scientific publications/communications, which include book chapters, original research papers, research communications in national and international conferences, and patents. She acts as a reviewer for several international journals. Her research interests include microalgae-based processes and products with an emphasis on process integration.
Affiliations and expertise
Researcher, Sustainable Energy Research and Development Center (NPDEAS), Federal University of Paraná, BrazilMM
Mariana Manzoni Maroneze
Dr. Mariana Manzoni Maroneze is currently a researcher at the Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico. She has published more than 65 scientific publications/communications, which include a book, book chapters, original research papers, research communications in national and international conferences, and patents. She acts as a reviewer for several international journals. Her research focuses on microalgae-based process and products.
Affiliations and expertise
Researcher, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico.