The Science of Signs and Symptoms

Preface to Third EditionExtract from Preface to Second EditionPreface to First EditionChapter I. Life as a Clinical EntityChapter II. Consciousness Concussion, Cerebral Compression, Fainting, The Quality of the Blood, Gas Poisoning, High AltitudeChapter III. DeliriumChapter IV. Voluntary Movement The Nervous Pathway, Paralysis of Various Kinds Organic and Functional, Reaction of Degeneration, Facial Paralysis, Emotional ExpressionChapter V. Sensation Its Physical Basis, Pain, the Significance of Sensation, Pain in Visceral Disease, Referred Pain, the Pathways of the Different Varieties of Sensation, Varieties of Sensory Paralysis, Functional DisturbancesChapter VI. Headache Persistent Headache Temporary Headache. Migraine Menstrual MigraineChapter VII. Reflexes The Axon Reflex, the Spinal Reflex, the Significance of Its Absence or Exaggeration, the Essential Nature of the Tendon Reflex, Varieties of the Character of the Spinal Reflexes, Clonus, Plantar Reflexes, the Formation and Extinction of Conditional Reflexes, Conditioned PainChapter VIII. Muscle Tone and Posture The Neurological Basis of Clinical Abnormalities of Tone and PostureChapter IX. Convulsions Varieties Epilepsy, Spinal ConvulsionsChapter X. Equilibrium, Vertigo, Ataxia, Gait The Parts played by the Eyes, Muscle Sense, Vestibular Apparatus, Midbrain and Cerebellum as manifested by Disease Causes of Vertigo, Varieties of Ataxia, Abnormal GaitsChapter XI. Tremor, Chorea, Athetosis Types of Tremor Nature of Tremor Toxic Tremor Tremor in Organic Nervous Disease Paralysis Agitans Extrapyramidal Neurones Cerebellar Tremor Hysterical Tremors Chorea. AthetosisChapter XII. Speech Its Formation and how the different Varieties of Aphasia are Brought aboutChapter XIII. The Cerebro-Spinal Fluid Its Origin, Circulation, Absorption and Functions Hydrocephalus Effects of Intracranial Pressure Appearance, Cytology and Chemistry of the Fluid in Health and DiseaseChapter XIV. Sight How the Various Parts of the Eye May Produce Blindness Intra-Ocular Pressure, Glaucoma The Chief Errors of Refraction The Optic Disc and Field of Vision in Health and Disease The Pathways Concerned in Vision and the Effect of Lesion The Reflexes of the Eye The Pupil NystagmusChapter XV. Hearing and Taste How the Various Parts of the Ear May Produce Deafness Tinnitus TasteChapter XVI. The Rate of the Heart Beat The Causes if Increased Heart Rate in Various Conditions Palpitation BradycardiaChapter XVII. The Pulse Its Significance The Conducting Mechanism of the Heart and the Effect of Lesions The Rhythm of the Pulse, Extra Systole, Auricular Fibrillation, Ventricular Fibrillation The Action of Drugs The Character of the Pulse The Heart Sounds Their Production, the Significance of Changes in the Sounds Cardiac PainChapter XVIII. The Venous Pulse The Polygraph and the Electrocardiograph The Chief Features of and the Causes of Common Alterations in Their TracingsChapter XIX. Blood Pressure The Factors on Which it Depends High Blood Pressure, Low Blood Pressure, Pulse Pressure, Venous PressureChapter XX. Hemorrhage, Surgical Shock Their Signs, Symptoms, Nature, Prevention, and Treatment Blood Groups The Natural Arrest of Hemorrhage, Adaptation to Posture, Thrombosis XXI. Histology of the Blood The Red Blood Corpuscles, the Causes of Variation, Regeneration The White Blood Corpuscles, Varieties and Causes of Variation Blood PlateletsChapter XXII. Physiological Principles in Relation to Cardiac Efficiency and Disease Cardiac Reserve Effort Tolerance Tests, Pericardial Function Heart Failure, its Signs, Symptoms and TreatmentChapter XXIII. Breathing and Failure of Respiration The Nature of Respiration The Causes of Breathlessness, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Pneumonia, Cardiac Disease, Anemia, etc Respiratory Efficiency Types of RespirationChapter XXIV. Cyanosis and Its Relation to Breathlessness The Nature of Cyanosis The Causes of Cyanosis in Various Conditions Bronchitis, Asthma, etc Anoxemia or Oxygen Want The Symptoms of General and Local Anoxemia, Oxygen Therapy, Carbon Dioxide Therapy The Respiratory Function of the Blood, the Carriage of Oxygen, the Carriage of Carbon DioxideChapter XXV. Protective Respiratory Reflexes, etc Sneezing, Cough, Sputum, Protective Pain, Hiccup Breath Sounds and AccompanimentsChapter XXVI. Physiological Principles in Feeding Energy Supply and Tissue Repair, Relation to Metabolic Rate, Vitamin Supply, Suitability of Food for the Alimentary Canal Water and Salts The Feeding of Infants The Food Consumption of Three Normal PersonsChapter XXVII. Vitamins Vitamins A, B, C, D and E Their Origin in Nature, the Effect of Deficiency, Their Significance in Human DietsChapter XXVIII. Swallowing, Digestion Achalasia of the Cardiac Sphincter Gastric Digestion, with Special Consideration of Indigestion The Effects of Presentation of Food and of Alcohol The Acidity of the Gastric Contents The Movement of the Stomach The Position of the Stomach Chapter XXIX. Digestion, Intermediate Metabolism Carbohydrates, Fatsr and ProteinsChapter XXX. Gastric Pain, Common Gastric Ailments, Vomiting The Causes of Pain in the Alimentary Canal Gastric Pain, Resistance, Distension, Atony Pain in Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer, Gastric Tenderness, Relation of Acid to Ulcer Principles in Treatment Etiological Considerations Flatulence Vomiting X-ray AppearancesChapter XXXI. Intestinal Movement and Pain Constipation and Diarrhea Intestinal Sensation Characteristics of Abdominal Pain, X-ray Findings in the ColonChapter XXXII. Bile. Jaundice The Origin and Excretion of Bile, the Varieties of Jaundice and Their RecognitionChapter XXXIII. The Metabolic Rate The Principle of its Estimation and Causes of Variation Its Relation to the Thyroid Gland, Myxcedema, Exophthalmic Goiter The Thyroid and Simple GoiterChapter XXXIV. Blood-Sugar and Pancreatic Efficiency The Significance of the Blood-Sugar and Its Variations Insulin Diabetes The Blood-Sugar in PregnancyChapter XXXV. Disorders of Metabolism Purine Metabolism, Gout, Cystinuria, Melanuria, Ochronosis, HemochromatosisChapter XXXVI. Body Weight Energy Intake and Output Appetite and Hunger Obesity Relationship to Ductless GlandsChapter XXXVII. Growth Its Relation to Diet and Ductless Glands Ossification Dwarfs and Giants Infantilism Local GrowthChapter XXXVIII. The Urine Micturition The Quantity and Specific Gravity, Causes of Variations, Reaction, Constituents of the Urine of Clinical Importance The Excretion of Dyes Protective Synthesis, Pathological ConstituentsChapter XXXIX. Œdema and the Water Content of the Body Thirst Retention of Fluid, Its Local and General Causes DesiccationChapter XL. The Temperature of the Body Its Regulation, the Nature of Fever, Low TemperatureChapter XLI. The Skin Its Color in Health and Disease, Local Variations, Distribution of Rashes Reaction to Stimuli, Morbid EruptionsChapter XLII. Hypersensitivity and Allergy Local and General Hypersensitivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Their Nature and Treatment Menstruation Its Relation to Ovarian and Other FunctionsChapter XLIII. Acid-Base Equilibrium Its Maintenance by Various Factors Alveolar Carbon Dioxide and Its Significance Alkali Reserve Hydrogen Ion Concentration, Its Meaning Acidosis AlkalosisChapter XLIV. The Autonomic Nervous System Its Function in Health and Disease, and Related Pharmacological ReactionsChapter XLV. The Effect and Importance of Exercise and Rest The Necessity for Rest, Sleep, and InterestChapter XLVI. Protection against Disease The Skin, the Leucocytes, Lymph Glands, Factors of ImmunityChapter XLVII. Principles in the Treatment of Emergencies Circulatory and Respiratory FailureChapter XLVIII. The Psychological Production of Symptoms Theory of Psychology Neural Foundation of the Mind Psychological Superstructure Repression Mode of production of Neurotic SymptomsSelected BibliographyIndex