The New Frontier

IntroductionI. The Background The Composition of the Atmosphere The Pressure of the Atmosphere Temperature and Altitude The Radiation of the Sun The Cosmic Rays and Meteoritic ParticlesII. When The Pressure Changes The Decompression Chamber Decompression Sickness Incidence, Cause and Prevention of Decompression Sickness Otitic and Sinus Barotrauma Abdominal Distention and Pain The Boiling of the Body FluidsIII. The Air Too Thin To Breathe How the Body Obtains Oxygen A Definition of Anoxia Altitude as a Cause of Anoxia The Picture of Anoxia at Altitude The Prevention of Anoxia AcclimatisationIV. Protection From Low Pressure The Pressure Cabin Failure of the Pressure Cabin Rapid and Explosive Decompression Personal Protective Equipment Oxygen Systems Pressure SuitsV. The Climatology Of Flight, Basic Principles The Control of Body Temperature The Limits of a Comfortable Environment The Zone of Evaporative Regulation and Beyond Too Cold The Zone of Body Cooling and Below The Principles of Protection from Climatic Stress Methods of InvestigationVI. The Climatology Of Flight, Methods Of Protection The Conditioning of the Aircraft Cabin Conditioning on the Ground Protection in Emergencies Clothing—the Basic Principles Normal Flying Clothing Flying Clothing with a Special Function SurvivalVII. Movement At Last The Subjective Sensations of Movement Velocity and Acceleration The Measurement of the Forces Produced by Flight Further Classification of the Forces in FlightVIII. Accelerations Of Long Duration Radial Acceleration Positive 'g' The Physiological Mechanisms Involved in Positive 'g' Effects The Importance of Positive 'g' Protection from Positive 'g' Negative 'g' Transverse 'g' Angular AccelerationsIX. Less Than One Second The Upper Limit to Forces of Short Duration Accidents Protection in Accidents Emergency Escape Parachutes Ejection Seats Low Level Ejection High Altitude Ejection High Speed EjectionX. Sources of Information Vision and the Eye Equilibration Hearing Touch Smell and Taste Vision in Flight Equilibration in the Air Sounds and Noise The Toxicology of FlightXI. Central Control The Basic System The Problem of the Input Power Assistance The Addition of Computers Man Versus Automatic Control Fatigue Prevention of Fatigue Selection of the Man The Teamwork of Flying AccidentsXII. Designing For The Man General Considerations Basic Design and Lay-Out Instrumentation and Other Sources of Information Controls and Control Systems Control "Feel" Personal Equipment The FutureXIII. Special Problems of Passenger Transportation Maintaining the Environment Care and Contentment Accelerations and Motion Sickness The Crew Health and Hygiene in Air Travel Transportation of the Sick Casualty Evacuation The FutureXIV. Into Space Escape Velocity Weightlessness Conditioning the Cabin Radiation Cosmic Rays and Meteorites Space Suits Re-Entry and Escape Man and the Control System The Psychological DangersConclusionIndex