Skills for Midwifery Practice, 5E

5th Edition - January 31, 2022
Authors: Ruth Bowen, Wendy Taylor
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 8 1 9 1 - 0

Skills for Midwifery Practice is the go-to book for all midwifery students who need to learn what to do in a range of situations, how to perform a skill, and why they need to… Read more

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Skills for Midwifery Practice is the go-to book for all midwifery students who need to learn what to do in a range of situations, how to perform a skill, and why they need to do it in a certain way.

Written by midwifery educators Ruth Johnson and Wendy Taylor, the book makes learning easy with background information, learning outcomes, helpful diagrams and lists to represent the skill flow. It explains the underlying physiology associated with pregnancy and childbirth, and clearly defines the nature and extent of current practice.

This version is fully updated and referenced throughout to provide a detailed evidence base to support learning and further study. It is ideal for midwives in training, qualified midwives returning to practice, as well as other members of the obstetric healthcare team.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
1. Principles of abdominal examination: During pregnancy and labour
Antenatal abdominal examination
Abdominal examination principles
Palpation of uterine contractions
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
2. Principles of abdominal examination: During the postnatal period
Physiology of involution
Rationale for PN uterine palpation
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
3. Assessment of maternal and neonatal vital signs: Temperature measurement
Body temperature
Factors influencing body temperature
Temperature changes related to childbirth
Temperature assessment
Sites for adult temperature recording
Sites for paediatric temperature recording
Types of thermometer
Taking a baby’s temperature
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Self-assessment exercises
References
4. Assessment of maternal and neonatal vital signs: Pulse measurement
Definition
Factors influencing the heart rate
Normal values
Changes related to childbirth
Sites for pulse measurement
Indications
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
5. Assessment of maternal and neonatal vital signs: Blood pressure measurement
Blood pressure changes related to childbirth
Factors influencing arterial blood pressure
Factors influencing arterial blood pressure associated with technique
Indications
Equipment used
Korotkoff sounds
Factors affecting accuracy
Monitoring blood pressure in the baby
CVP in the adult
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Self-assessment exercises
References
6. Assessment of maternal and neonatal vital signs: Respiration assessment
Changes related to childbirth
Factors influencing normal respiration
Indications
Pulse oximetry
The modified early obstetric warning score
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
7. Assessment of maternal and neonatal vital signs: Neurological assessment
Frequency of observations
Glasgow coma scale
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
8. Principles of infection control: Standard infection prevention and control precautions
Hand decontamination
Personal protective equipment
Sharps
Environmental hygiene
Isolation nursing
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
9. Principles of infection control: Hand hygiene
Healthcare-associated infections
General hand care
Hand decontamination
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
10. Principles of infection control: Principles of asepsis
The ANTT practice framework
How is ANTT achieved?
Undertaking the procedure
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
11. Principles of infection control: Obtaining swabs
Significance for the childbearing woman
Good practice
Obtaining the swab
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
12. Principles of hygiene needs: For the woman
Personal hygiene
Bed bathing
Oral hygiene
Bed making
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
13. Principles of hygiene needs: For the baby
Newborn skin
Skin cleansers/bath additives
Baby bathing
Nappy changing
Cleaning the eyes
Cord care
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
14. Principles of elimination management: Micturition and catheterization
Micturition
Facilitating normal micturition (adults)
Bedpans
Urinary (urethral) catheterization
Intermittent catheterization
Removing a urethral indwelling catheter
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
15. Principles of elimination management: Urinalysis
Indications for urinalysis
Significance of findings
Equipment for urinalysis
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
16. Principles of elimination management: Defaecation
Physiology
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Principles: Promoting defaecation
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
17. Principles of elimination management: Obtaining urinary and stool specimens
Good practice principles
Midstream specimens of urine (MSU)
24-Hour urine collection
Urine specimens from the baby
Catheter specimens of urine (CSU)
Obtaining stool specimens (adult)
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
18. Principles of drug administration: Legal aspects, pharmacokinetics and anaphylaxis
Legislation
Pharmacokinetics
Anaphylaxis
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Self-assessment exercises
References
19. Principles of drug administration: Oral administration
Oral administration to a baby
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
20. Principles of drug administration: Injection technique
Needle phobia
Safety considerations for the midwife
Safety considerations for the woman for intramuscular injections
Subcutaneous injection
Intradermal (ID) injection
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
21. Principles of drug administration: Administration of medicines per vaginam
Advantages and disadvantages of the vaginal route
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
22. Principles of drug administration: Administration of medicines per rectum
Suppositories
Enemas
Informed consent
Positioning of the woman
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
23. Principles of drug administration: Intravenous drug administration
Indications for IV use
Disadvantages of the IV route
Safety concerns
Bolus/push administration (direct intermittent injection)
Intermittent infusion (larger volume)
Administration using a syringe driver
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
24. Principles of drug administration: Inhalational analgesia – entonox
Understanding entonox
Potential complications
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
25. Principles of drug administration: Epidural analgesia
The epidural space
Epidural analgesia
Low-dose ‘mobile’ epidural
Spinal analgesia
Combined spinal epidural analgesia
Drugs
Continuous versus intermittent drug administration
Indications for epidural analgesia
Contraindications
Side effects of epidural analgesia
Management of side effects
Complications
Checking the level of the block
Intermittent epidural bolus administration
Postnatal care
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
26. Principles of drug administration: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
How does TENS work?
Suitability as a labour analgesic
Positioning of TENS
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
27. Facilitation of skills related to childbearing: Optimal fetal positioning
Malposition of the occiput: Occipitoposterior position
Maternal positions
Malpresentation: Breech presentation
Moxibustion
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
28. Facilitation of skills related to childbearing: Cusco speculum use
Indications
Cusco speculum
Insertion of the speculum
Asepsis
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
29. Facilitation of skills related to childbearing: Membrane sweep
Membrane sweeping
Benefits and risks
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
30. Principles of intrapartum skills: First-stage issues
Phases of the first stage of labour
Assessing progress in labour
Length of the first stage of labour
Fetal descent
Maternal positions
Examination per vaginam
Information gained from undertaking an examination per vaginam
Amniotomy (ARM)
Application of a fetal scalp electrode
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
31. Principles of intrapartum skills: Second-stage issues
Definition
Recognition
Duration
Pushing: Spontaneous or directed
Perineal massage
Maternal position
Asepsis
Management of the perineum
Perineal massage
Warm compresses
Hands on or hands off?
Hands on or poised
The nuchal umbilical cord
Preparation of the environment
Episiotomy
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
32. Principles of intrapartum skills: Third-stage issues
Uterotonics
Physiology of the third stage of labour
Risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage
Prophylaxis using uterotonics
Cord clamping
Management of the third stage
Estimation of blood loss
Examination of the genital tract following delivery
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
33. Principles of intrapartum skills: Examination of the placenta
Appearance and structure
Cord blood samples
Cord blood gases
Clamped cord
Deferred cord clamping
Obtaining the samples
Disposing of the placenta
Placentophagy
Lotus birth
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
34. Principles of intrapartum skills: Perineal repair
The pelvic floor
Aims of perineal repair
Perineal damage
Principles of perineal suturing
Suturing techniques
Record-keeping
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
35. Principles of intrapartum skills: Management of birth at home
Safety and risk
Midwifery skills
Principles of managing birth at home
Born before arrival
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
36. Principles of intrapartum skills: Management of labour and birth in water
Considered benefits
Physiological considerations
Who is suitable to use a birthing pool?
When is a good time to enter the pool?
When should the woman get out of the pool?
Equipment
Principles of care
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
37. Assessment of the baby: Assessment at birth
The apgar score
Birth examination
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
38. Assessment of the baby: Daily examination
Principles of the daily examination
Initial observations
General observation of the baby
Physical examination
Screening
After the examination
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
39. Assessment of the baby: Capillary sampling
Underpinning anatomy
Guidelines for site selection
Newborn blood spot screening
Capillary sampling for other reasons
Factors to consider when undertaking capillary sampling
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
40. Assessment of the baby: Developmental dysplasia of the hips
Risk factors
Incidence
When to assess for DDH
Screening for DDH
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
41. Principles of infant nutrition: Breastfeeding
Understanding lactation
Feeding cues
Responsive feeding
Successful attachment at the breast
Expected feeding patterns in the newborn
Assessing effective feeding
Expressing breast milk
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
Further reading
42. Principles of infant nutrition: Alternative methods – finger, syringe, cup and spoon feeding
General principles
Finger feeding
Syringe feeding
Cup feeding
Spoon feeding
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
43. Principles of infant nutrition: Decontamination of feeding equipment
Decontamination advice
Cleaning feeding equipment
Methods of decontamination
Breast pump kit decontamination
Recontamination
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
44. Principles of infant nutrition: Formula feeding
Overfeeding
Responsive feeding
Feed safety
Global response
Recommended equipment
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
45. Principles of infant nutrition: Nasogastric feeding
Considerations
Administering a tube feed
Removal of a nasogastric tube
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
46. Principles of phlebotomy and intravenous therapy: Maternal venepuncture
Indications
Suitable sites and veins
Pain relief
Asepsis and skin preparation
Equipment
Possible complications
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
47. Principles of phlebotomy and intravenous therapy: Intravenous cannulation
The vessel health and preservation framework
Considerations for the childbearing woman
Indications
Assessment prior to PIC insertion
Choice of site
Vein visualization
Asepsis and use of standard precautions
Choice of equipment
Documentation
Ongoing care
Complications
Removing a peripheral cannula
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
48. Principles of phlebotomy and intravenous therapy: Intravenous infusion
Definition
Indications
Equipment
Intravenous fluid
Air bubbles
Changing the administration set
Changing the intravenous solution
Ongoing care of the intravenous infusion
Secondary and concurrent infusions
Complications
Monitoring fluid balance
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
49. Principles of phlebotomy and intravenous infusion: Blood transfusion
Understanding blood
Maternal antibodies and anti-D immunoglobulin
Blood products and components
Understanding the risks of transfusion
Indications for maternal transfusion
Safe transfusion practice – principles and procedures
Pre-transfusion preparation
Commencing the transfusion
Monitoring the transfusion
Completing the transfusion
Possible transfusion reactions
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
50. Principles of manual handling
Considerations for moving and lifting
Principles of lifting
Correct posture
Employers’ responsibilities
Employees’ responsibilities
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
51. Principles of perioperative skills
Reducing caesarean section rates
Preoperative preparation
Intraoperative care
Postanaesthetic care unit (recovery care)
Ongoing care
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
52. Principles of wound management: Healing and care
Physiology of wound healing
Factors that affect wound healing
Complications of impaired wound healing
Reducing surgical site infection
Perineal wounds
Wound drains
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
53. Principles of restricted mobility management: Pressure area care
Definition
Common sites for pressure ulcer formation
Effects of pressure
Classification of pressure ulcers
Factors influencing development
Pressure area care
Assessment of skin integrity
Principles of pressure area care
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
54. Principles of restricted mobility management: Prevention of venous thromboembolism
Deep venous thromboembolism (DVT)
Increased risk of VTE during pregnancy
Risk of VTE during/following pregnancy
Pelvic vein thrombosis
Symptoms of a DVT
Complications of DVT
Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS)
Risk assessment
Risk assessment tools
Preventing VTE formation
Exercises
Deep breathing exercises
Anticoagulation
Graduated compression stockings
Contraindications to GCS use
Applying and wearing GCS
Sequential compression devices
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
55. Principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Maternal resuscitation
Cardiac arrest in pregnancy
The chain of survival
Bystander CPR
Agonal breathing
Anticipation of collapse
Equipment
Initial assessment
Cardiac compressions
Ventilation breaths
Considerations for the pregnant woman
Airway management
Additional measures
Stopping resuscitation
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
56. Principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Neonatal resuscitation
Pathophysiology of asphyxia
Anticipation
Equipment
Principles of neonatal resuscitation
Initial assessment of the baby
After the resuscitation
Role and responsibilities of the midwife
Summary
Self-assessment exercises
References
Glossary
Index

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