Memory

Contributors Foreword PrefaceOverview of Human Memory 1 Structures, Processes, and the Flow of Information I. Structures II. Processes III. Flow of Control: A Tentative Account IV. Conclusions 2 Conscious and Unconscious Forms of Memory I. Illustrative Findings and Explanations II. Types of Evidence III. Critiques of Theories IV. New Directions V. Summary ReferencesTransient Memories 3 Sensory and Perceptual Storage: Data and Theory I. Visual Sensory Store II. Auditory Sensory Store III. Changing Conceptions of Iconic Memory IV. A Linear-Systems Approach to Persistence V. Perceptual Memories VI. Memory Stores and Information Processing References 4 Short-Term/Working Memory I. The Short-Term Activity Trace II. The Machinery of Storage III. The Interpretive Tools of Forgetting IV. Retrieval from Short-Term/Working Memory V. Do We Need Short-Term/Working Memory? ReferencesStoring Information in Long-Term Memory 5 Imagery and Visual-Spatial Representations I. Imagery II. Visual-Spatial Representations in Object Representations III. Recognition of Faces IV. Visual-Spatial Representations of Layouts V. Concluding Remarks References 6 Autobiographical Memory I. Characteristics of Autobiographical Memories II. The Autobiographical Memory Knowledge Base III. Accessing the Autobiographical Knowledge Base: Memory "Retrieval" IV. Autobiographical Memories across the Life Span V. Neurological Impairments of Autobiographical Memory VI. "Conclusions" Some Caveats ReferencesAccessing Information in Long-Term Memory 7 Retrieval Processes I. Introduction II. Methods of Studying Retrieval III. Principles Governing Retrieval IV. The Encoding/Retrieval Paradigm V. Effects of Prior Retrieval VI. Related Topics VII. Conclusion References 8 Interference and Inhibition in Memory Retrieval I. Introduction II. Basic Assumptions of Interference Research III. Classical Approaches to Interference IV. Interference in Episodic and Semantic Memory V. Related Research Areas VI. Summary and Conclusions ReferencesMonitoring and Controlling Our Memories 9 Distributing and Managing the Conditions of Encoding and Practice I. Encoding Practice II. Retrieval Practice III. Theoretical Implications IV. Educational Implications V. Summary and Conclusions References 10 Mnemonic Methods to Enhance Storage and Retrieval I. Introduction II. Taxonomy of Mnemonic Devices III. Mnemonic Devices and Associative Networks IV. Mnemonic Devices in Education V. Conclusions 11 Metacognitive Processes I. Problem Solving II. Learning III. Memory IV. Cognitive Neuroscience of Monitoring and Control V. ConclusionDifferences across Individuals 12 Individual Differences in Memory I. Working Memory II. Long-Term Memory III. Expertise in Remembering IV. Conclusion 13 Memory and Aging I. Failures of Strategic Processing II. Semantic Deficit Hypothesis III. Spared Activation and Impaired Processing of Contextual Information IV. Resource Deficit Hypothesis V. Conclusion ReferencesMemory for Real-World Events and Information 14 Retrieval Processes and Witness Memory I. Implications and Extensions of the Encoding Specificity Principle II. When Do Interference Effects Occur and Why? III. Attributing an Item to a Source IV. Effortful and Strategic Retrieval Processes V. Applied Research in Eyewitness Testimony VI. Summary and Assessment References 15 The Long-Term Retention of Training and Instruction I. Methodological Issues II. Procedural Reinstatement III. Generalizability and Specificity of Training IV. Contextual Interference V. Part versus Whole Training and Training Order VI. Automaticity VII. Conclusions and Guidelines ReferencesIndex