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Medical Imaging
Mathematical and Physical Principles
- 1st Edition - September 1, 2099
- Authors: Adam W. Anderson, Charles F. Caskey, John C. Gore, Todd E. Peterson
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 6 2 3 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 6 2 4 - 0
Medical Imaging: Mathematical and Physical Principles gives an introduction to the mathematical and physical concepts and principles that underlie modern radiological imagin… Read more
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Request a sales quoteMedical Imaging: Mathematical and Physical Principles gives an introduction to the mathematical and physical concepts and principles that underlie modern radiological imaging techniques. It explains the basic phenomena and mathematical concepts that are central to the use of physical methods for image formation in biomedicine. By focusing on the physical and mathematical principles, it provides knowledge that will continue to hold true even as technological and other advances change the nature and detail of future medical imaging applications.Written as a pedagogic textbook explaining the principles rather than a technical manual describing imaging methods, Medical Imaging: Mathematical and Physical Principles is very suitable as a foundational reference for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers with a background in either biomedical engineering, engineering, applied physics, computer science, and mathematics. It will be a well-thumbed resource throughout a researcher’s career.
- Written by a top team of highly respected researchers who between them have taught medical imaging for over a hundred years!
- Focuses on the physical and mathematical principles to provide everlasting foundational knowledge
- Balanced coverage between the modalities reflecting the authors’ areas of expertise
- Provides a motivational historical overview of the field
- Closely ties the physical principles to biology
- Includes instructors support such as solutions and slides of the figures
- Provides computational exercises
Biomedical engineering, engineering, computer science and math students at the senior undergraduate and postgraduate levels and researchers wanting to learn the underlying mathematical and physical principles of medical imaging
1 Introduction to medical imagingOverview of medical imaging: historical developmentTypes of information in imagingExamples of relationships between physical and biological changesOverview of energy forms used for imaging: X-ray, CT, ultrasound, MRI, nuclear , otherimaging.Problems2 Mathematics for imagingThe Fourier Transform: introduction : inverse Fourier Transforms: symmetry properties:examples of useful transforms: theorems concerning Fourier Transforms; two dimensionaltransforms; relations to other integral transforms: the discrete Fourier TransformSampling: band limited functions; the sampling theorem; aliasing and the Nyquist rateLinear systems: introduction; transfer functions; point spread function; modulation transferfunctionRandom variables: introduction; examples - Poisson statistics: random fieldsProblemsAppendix: Bessel functions : integral representations; recursion relations; relation toBessels equation; simple integrals of Bessel functions3 Image qualityWhat is image quality?Physical measures of quality - resolution, contrast, noiseEffects of Point Spread Function and Modulation Transfer Function on image qualityFigures of merit of image qualitySignal Detection Theory model of imagingROC analysisElementary digital image processingSummary of factors affecting image qualityHuman visual psychophysics + image perceptionProblems4 Reconstruction of objects from projectionsFormation of projectionsReconstruction from projectionsCentral Slice TheoremConventional tomographyBackprojectionFiltered back projection: the Radon Transform: band limited objects: discrete filters: physicalinterpretation, summaryLimitations in reconstruction from projections: incomplete data, statistical limitations andpropagation of noise, effects of finite number of projections, artifactsRadial projections and reconstructionsAlgebraic and model based reconstructionsProblems5 X-radiographic imaging; image formationOverview of X-ray imaging: radiography, fluoroscopy, CT, digital radiographyProduction and characteristics of X-raysX-radiographic imaging : physical properties relevant for imagingX-ray interactions with tissues: classical scattering, photoelectric effect, Compton effectOrigins of contrast in X-ray imaging; relation to tissue compositionEffects of scatter; spectral effectsX-ray contrast materialsImage formation in radiography : transfer functions for projection imaging, magnification, effectof focal spot, motion blurringImage recording: PSF of films and screens; detector quantum efficiency and noise in X-rayimages; model of array of photon counters, derivation of characteristic curve and effects;propagation of signal and noise in and image quality in digital radiography.Problems6 Nuclear imaging: image formationOverview of nuclear medicine: radioactivity, radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals, detectorsImage formation in projection imaging; effects of collimators, countrateDesign of camerasImage formation in SPECT and PET; effects of attenuation, scatterReconstruction theorySensitivity and resolution considerations in nuclear imagingProblems7 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: image formationOverviewEquilibrium and dynamics of spin systemsImage formationEffects of relaxationClasses of pulse sequencesSignal and noise ratio in MR imagingProblems8 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: design of systemsThe Bo magnetBo shimsGradient coilsThe radiofrequency coilThe nmr receiver and signal processingProblems9 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: physical properties relevant for imaging[1] RelaxationClassical description of relaxation in solutionsRelaxation by dipole-dipole interactionsRelaxation mechanisms in biological tissuesAnderson -Weiss theoryMRI contrast agents: paramagnetic relaxation effects, susceptibility effectsChemical shift and J-coupling effectsProblemsAppendix: Simple quantum theory of spin 1/2 nucleiStates of a system of spinsTransitions between statesQuantum form of the Bloch equationsQuantum description of a spin echoQuantum description of relaxation10 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: physical properties relevant for imaging [2] motionand flowEffects of gradients, phase dispersion, q spaceEffects of incoherent motion; diffusion, IVIM, turbulent flowSpin tagging and tissue deformationTime of flight effects, ASL, perfusionPhase contrast effectsProblems11 Ultrasound imaging: image formationIntroductionOverview of ultrasonic imagingPhysics of sound waves and vibrationsImage formation with ultrasound: transducers as sound radiators; sound fields from transducers;equivalent circuits of transducers; the impulse responses of a transducerSound propagation in uniform layers of tissue: homogeneous wave equation, reflection,refraction, behavior of pulses at smooth interfacesDesign of ultrasonic pulse echo imaging systems; limits on resolutionImage artifactsProblems12 Ultrasound imaging: physical properties relevant for imagingCharacteristic Impedance, sound velocity, elastic properties of tissuesInhomogeneous wave equationScattering of sound pulses: continuum description of backscattering; scattering fromdiscrete scatterers, approaches to tissue characterizationAbsorption: factors affecting absorption; wave equation with absorptionNon-linear waves; cavitationDoppler effect: scattering from blood, signal processing and physics of flow measurementsProblems14 Physiological function from imagingCompartmental modeling and simple tracer kineticsMeasurement of blood flow and organ function using imaging:[i] assessment of brain function[ii] assessment of cardiac functionProblem
- No. of pages: 576
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 1, 2099
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323916233
- eBook ISBN: 9780323916240
AA
Adam W. Anderson
Adam W. Anderson, Ph.D. is Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and Radiological Sciences at Vanderbilt University and a member of the Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science. Dr. Anderson received his doctorate in Physics from Yale University in 1990 and has been engaged on research in MRI for the past 30 years. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering and the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. His current research focuses on improving methods of diffusion and high field MRI for characterizing brain structure and function.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, USACC
Charles F. Caskey
Charles Caskey, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University and director of the Laboratory of Acoustic Therapy and Imaging in the Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science. Dr. Caskey received his doctoral degree for studies of the bioeffects of ultrasound during microbubble-enhanced drug delivery at the University of California at Davis. He has made many contributions to the fields of contrast-enhanced ultrasound, MR-guided focused ultrasound, and ultrasound neuromodulation. His current research focuses on developing new uses for ultrasound applications, such as neuromodulation, drug delivery, and functional imaging.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USAJG
John C. Gore
John C. Gore, Ph.D., holds the Hertha Ramsey Cress Chair in Medicine and is a University Professor of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics at Vanderbilt University, where he also directs the Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science. Dr. Gore obtained his B.Sc. in Physics from the University of Manchester in 1972, a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of London in 1976, and a BA degree in Law from Ealing College, London in 1982. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), the American Physical Society, the National Academy of Inventors, the International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering, and the Institute of Physics (UK). He is also a Distinguished Investigator of the Academy of Radiology Research and Overseas Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine (UK). He is editor-in-chief of the journal Magnetic Resonance Imaging. and an Honorary Professor at Zhejiang University in China. His research is focused on the development and applications of biomedical imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging.
Affiliations and expertise
University Professor of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USATP
Todd E. Peterson
Todd Peterson, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Radiology & Radiological Sciences at Vanderbilt University and Director of Nuclear Imaging and Radiochemistry in the Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. After completing his graduate training in experimental nuclear physics at Indiana University, he conducted his postdoctoral research in the University of Arizona's Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging. A primary research focus throughout his career has been the application of semiconductor detectors to high-resolution SPECT. His research also has spanned a wide range of applications of PET, SPECT, and CT imaging in both preclinical and clinical research. He is a Fellow of both the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, USA