Histophysiology of Synapses and Neurosecretion

IntroductionPart I The Synapse 1 General Concepts on Synaptic Transmission Morphological Concept of the Synapse Physiological Concept of the Synapse Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission Microphysiological Studies of Synaptic Transmission Summary 2 Morphology of the Synaptic Region Distribution of Synapses: Specific Synaptic Patterns Number and Size of Endings Structure of Synaptic Endings Summary 3 General Ultrastructure of the Synaptic Region Preliminary Observations of Synaptic Regions with the Electron Microscope General Description of the Synaptic Region Summary 4 Ultrastructure of Special Synapses and the Problem of Localization of Synaptic Vesicles Ultrastructure of the Neuromuscular Junction Synapses in Peripheral Ganglia Synapses in the Electric Organ Invertebrate Synapses Microvesicles in Receptor Endings Microvesicles in Regenerating Nerves The Problem of the Localization of Synaptic Vesicles The Role of Acetylcholine at Pre- and Postsynaptic Sites Ultrastructure of Electrical Synapses Summary 5 Morpho-physiological Correlations in Certain Synapses Changes in Nerve Endings of the Adrenal Medulla after Electrical Stimulation Origin of Synaptic Vesicles Stimulation of the Neuromuscular Junction Mobilization of Synaptic Vesicles Changes in Synaptic Structure With Environmental Temperature The Synaptic Vesicles as Units of Transmitter Substances The Action of Botulin Toxin on Synaptic Transmission Physiology and Geometry of the Synapse The So-Called Synaptic Barrier Summary 6 Synaptic Vesicles and the Functional Changes of Synapses During Nerve Degeneration Submicroscopic Morphology of Degenerating Synapses Submicroscopic Morphology and Function in Degenerating Myoneuronal Junctions Summary 7 Synapses of the Retina Submicroscopic Morphology of Rod and Cone Synapses Submicroscopic Morphology and Function of Inner Synapses of the Retina Summary 8 Neurochemical Studies in Isolated Nerve Endings and Synaptic Vesicles of the CNS Acetylcholine and Cholineacetylase Containing Particles of the Brain Acetylcholinesterase in the Nervous Tissue Isolation of Synaptic Vesicles Isolation of Nerve Endings Containing the ACh-System Localization of the ACh-System Within the Synaptic Complex Further Studies on the Isolation of Nerve Endings Subcellular Localization of AChE and Synaptic Function Release of Acetylcholine from Isolated Nerve Endings The Physiological Release of ACh Subcellular Distribution of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Decarboxylase in the CNS Subcellular Distribution of Noradrenaline (NA) in the CNS Subcellular Distribution of Monoaminooxidase (MAO) in the CNS Subcellular Distribution of Enzymes related to γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) SummaryPart II Neurosecretion 9 Neurohumoral Mechanisms and Secretion in the Hypothalamic-Neurohypophysial System Unitary Concept of Neurohumoral Mechanisms The Hypotbalamic-Neurohypophysial System Neurosecretion in Synaptic Areas of Annelids and Molluscs Summary 10 Secretory Process of the Adrenal Medulla Cell Types in the Adrenal Medulla Submicroscopic Morphology of the Adrenomedullarv Cells Formation of the Secretion Droplets Nature of the Secretion Droplets Release of the Secretion Droplets Summary 11 Secretory Process in the Nerve Endings of the Pineal Gland Structure and Innervation of the Pineal Gland Submicroscopic Morphology of the Pinealocyte Adrenergic Nerve Fibers and Endings of the Pineal Gland Plurivesicular Material of the Pineal Nerve Endings Summary 12 Secretion in Adrenergic Nerves and Endings Structural Organization of Neuroerffectors The Plurivesicular Component of Adrenergic Axons and Endings Biosynthesis, Storage and Release of the Transmitter in Adrenergic Nerves Adrenergic Axons and Endings in the Hypothalamus SummaryReferencesIndex