Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy,Volume 10
- 1st Edition - July 8, 2022
- Editors: R. Eric Miller, Nadine Lamberski, Paul P Calle
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 2 8 5 2 - 9
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 6 8 5 8 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 2 8 5 3 - 6
Get the latest advances in zoo and wild animal medicine in one invaluable reference! Written by internationally recognized experts, Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Curre… Read more
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Request a sales quoteGet the latest advances in zoo and wild animal medicine in one invaluable reference! Written by internationally recognized experts, Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy, Volume 10 provides a practical guide to the latest research and clinical management of captive and free-ranging wild animals. For each animal, coverage includes topics such as biology, anatomy and special physiology, reproduction, restraint and handling, housing requirements, nutrition and feeding, surgery and anesthesia, diagnostics, and treatment protocols. New topics in this edition include holistic treatments, antibiotic resistance in aquariums, non-invasive imaging for amphibians, emerging reptile viruses, and African ground hornbill medicine, in addition to giant anteater medicine, Brucella in marine animals, and rhinoceros birth parameters. With coverage of many subjects where information has not been readily available, Fowler’s is a resource you don’t want to be without.
- Fowler's Current Therapy format ensures that each volume in the series covers all-new topics with timely information on current topics of interest in the field.
- Focused coverage offers just the right amount of depth — often fewer than 10 pages in a chapter — which makes the material easier to access and easier to understand.
- General taxon-based format covers all terrestrial vertebrate taxa plus selected topics on aquatic and invertebrate taxa.
- Updated information from the Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) includes records from their growing database for 2.3 million animals (374,000 living) and 23,000 taxa, which can serve as a basis for new research.
- Expert, global contributors include authors from the U.S. and 25 other countries, each representing trends in their part of the world, and each focusing on the latest research and clinical management of captive and free-ranging wild animals.
Zoo and Wildlife veterinarians (1200 members of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians (AAZV);
European Zoo Veterinarians (EAZV) – 600 members
Wildlife veterinarians and biologists (Wildlife Disease Association) – 5000+ members
American College of Zoological Medicine (ACZM) – 200 members;
Latin American Zoo and Wildlife Veterinary Group (ALVEFAS) – 200 to 300 members
- Cover Image
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Table of Contents
- Section 1 Veterinary Professional Activities
- Chapter 1 Leadership in a Time of Crisis
- Abstract
- Preparing Yourself to Lead Through a Crisis
- Principles of Leadership During a Crisis
- Prospects After a Crisis
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 2 Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Zoo and Wildlife Veterinary Medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Understanding the Lack of Diversity in Veterinary Medicine
- Hurdles to Veterinary Diversity
- Removing Hurdles and Investing in Potential Within Organizations
- Tangible and Actionable Steps That an Individual Veterinarian May Take
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3 Building Partnerships Between Regional Veterinary and Zoo Associations
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Introducing the Two Organizations
- History of the Collaboration
- Ingredients of Success
- Where Now?—Looking Forward
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 4 AAZV Wild Animal Health Fund
- Abstract
- A Little History About Zoo Animal Medicine
- The Birth of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
- The Beginning of Funding Zoo and Wildlife Research
- The Founding of the Wild Animal Health Fund
- Research Grant Committee
- The Future
- References
- Chapter 5 Latin American Zoo Veterinarian Associations
- Abstract
- Introduction: History of Veterinary Associations in the World. Why Is It Important?
- ZOO AND WILDLIFE VETERINARY ASSOCIATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA
- Instituto Mexicano de Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Compañía (Mexican Institute of Wild and Companion Animals)
- Asociación Mexicana de Médicos Veterinarios Especializados en Animales de Zoológico, Exóticos y Silvestres (Mexican Association of Zoo, Exotic Pets, and Wildlife Veterinarians)
- ABRAVAS (Associação Brasileira de Veterinários de Animais Selvagens or Brazilian Association of Wild Animal Veterinarians)
- Asociación Latinoamericana de Veterinarios de Fauna Silvestre (Latin American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians)
- Latin American Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 6 Training Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians in Southeast Asia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Internships/Externships
- Continuing Professional Development and Lifelong Learning
- Conferences/Seminars/Specialization
- Conclusion/Future Implications
- References
- Chapter 7 Harnessing Standardized Data and Analytics to Advance Zoological Medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Husbandry Resources in Zoological Information Management System
- Medical Resources in Zoological Information Management System
- Conclusion
- References
- Section 2 Conservation
- Chapter 8 Wildlife Regulations that Affect Veterinarians in the United States
- Abstract
- The North American Model
- Wildlife Conservation Oversight
- Animal Welfare and Research
- Use of Pharmaceuticals in Wildlife
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 9 Management of Diseases in Free-ranging Wildlife Populations
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Why Manage Diseases in Wild Populations?
- North American Wildlife Management Model
- Management Techniques and Prevention and Control Intervention Points
- Manipulation of the Environment
- Manipulation of the Host
- Immunization of the Host
- Manipulation of the Agent or Vector
- Modification of Human Behavior
- New Directions
- References
- Chapter 10 Remote Management of Veterinary Field Programs
- Abstract
- Importance of Field Conservation Programs Supported by Zoological Institutions
- How Veterinary Involvement in Field Programs Can Provide Value
- How to Determine Appropriate Veterinary Involvement in Field Programs
- Challenges Frequently Encountered With Conservation Programs
- Practical Tips for Successful Veterinary Involvement in Field Programs
- Opportunities and Benefits of Veterinary Involvement in Field Programs
- References
- Chapter 11 Gorilla Doctors: A One Health/Conservation Medicine Success Story
- Abstract
- Introduction and History
- Gorilla Health Care
- One Health/Conservation Medicine
- Conclusion and Future Work
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- References
- Chapter 12 Rabies Control in the Developing World—The Ethiopia Model and How it Affects Wildlife
- Abstract
- Introduction to Ethiopia and Zoonotic Disease Context
- Rabies Burden in the World—The Global Perspective
- Epidemiology of Rabies in Ethiopian Wildlife
- Control of Rabies in Ethiopian Wildlife
- Rabies in Domestic Animals
- A Global One Health Effort
- Conclusion
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- References
- Section 3 One Health
- Chapter 13 Zoos as One Health Education Centers for Students in the Human Health Professions
- Abstract
- Introduction
- One Health Training Programs at Zoological Institutions
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 14 A One Health Initiative in Borneo Saving Orangutans, Transforming Community Health and Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods
- Abstract
- A One Health Proof of Concept
- References
- Chapter 15 Auckland Zoo: Applying One Health in New Zealand
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Education and Being Ambassadors
- Providing Health Care for Zoo and Wildlife to Ensure Sustainability of Biodiversity
- Conducting Studies on Diseases of Conservation Concern
- Understanding Disease in Zoo Wildlife as Sentinels for Emerging Diseases of Humans and Animals
- Surveillance of Disease in Wild Animals at the Interface of Wildlife, Domestic Animals, and Humans
- Contributing to the Field of Comparative Medicine and the Discovery of All Life Forms
- References
- Chapter 16 Infectious Diseases and Primate Trafficking in Peruvian Wet Markets
- Abstract
- Primate Trafficking
- The Dilemma of Primate Confiscations
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 17 SARS-CoV-2 and the Trade in Wildlife for Human Consumption
- Abstract
- Background
- SARS-CoV-2 a Zoonotic-Origin Pathogen
- The Wildlife Trade for Consumption
- Policy Options and Trade Bans
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 21 SARS-Cov-2 Coronavirus Infection in Wild Animals
- Abstract
- Hosts Range, Clinical Signs, and Transmission
- Transmission Routes and Clinical Signs in Animals
- Spillover, Zoonotic Abilities, and Variants
- Diagnostic
- Indirect
- Treatment
- Antimicrobials
- Antiviral
- Monoclonal Antibody
- Prevention
- Vaccination
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 19 Antibiotic Resistance in Free-ranging Wildlife
- Abstract
- Introduction
- General Trends of Occurrence of Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteria Among Wildlife
- Importance of Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteria in Wildlife to Human Health and Wildlife Conservation
- Priority Areas for Future Research and Monitoring
- Disclaimer
- References
- Chapter 20 Tick and Vector-borne Disease Expansion with Climate Change
- Abstract
- Vector-borne Disease Emergence
- Effects of Climate Change on Vector Ecology
- Avian Malaria and Culex quinquefasciatus
- Babesiosis in Canadian Cervids
- Tsetse-transmitted Trypanosomiasis in African Wildlife
- Zoos as Sentinels for Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases in a Changing Climate
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 21 Impacts from Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Wildlife Health—A One Health Challenge
- Abstract
- Introduction and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals as Another One Health Issue
- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Environment
- Human Impacts
- Nonhuman Animal Impacts
- Conclusions
- References
- Section 4 Infectious, Parasitic, and Emerging Diseases
- Chapter 22 Update on Avian Influenza Virus
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Recent Outbreaks of Avian Influenza in Wildlife
- Recent Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Zoos
- Routes of Transmission
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 23 Update on Viruses in Bats
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Emerging Viral Zoonoses Carried by Bats
- Henipaviruses (Nipah and Hendra Virus)
- Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg Virus)
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 24 Canine Distemper in Noncarnivore Species
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Primates
- Xenarthra
- Pholidota
- Rodentia
- Tayassuidae
- Proboscidea
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 25 Rabbit Hemorrhagic Viral Disease and its Effects on Wildlife
- Abstract
- Background (Etiology, Origin, and Geographic Spread)
- Species Susceptibility and Transmission Dynamics
- Clinical Disease Manifestation and Diagnosis
- Control and Prevention
- Impacts to Wildlife and Ecosystems
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 26 Yellow Fever in South American Primates
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Clinical Aspects
- Histopathological Findings
- Sample Collection
- Diagnostics
- Treatment, Prevention, and Control
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 27 Noninvasive Monitoring of Herpes Viruses
- Abstract
- Herpesviruses
- Noninvasive Sampling
- Virus Detection
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 53 Ecosystem and Multiple Species Effects of Tuberculosis in Kruger National Park
- Abstract
- Overview of Kruger National Park Ecosystem
- History of Bovine Tuberculosis in Kruger National Park
- Species Affected by Bovine Tuberculosis
- Species-Specific Effects of Tuberculosis in Kruger National Park
- Effects of Bovine Tuberculosis in Other Mammals
- Effects of Bovine Tuberculosis at Interfaces
- References
- Chapter 29 Overview of Clostridium perfringens in Zoo Animals
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Microbiology and Pathogenicity
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Diseases and Lesions in Zoo Animals
- Diagnosis
- Prophylaxis and Management
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 55 Prevention of Baylisascariasis in Zoo Animals
- Abstract
- Review of Baylisascariasis
- Prevention Strategies
- Depopulation of Raccoons
- Deworming Raccoons
- Exclusion of Raccoons From Collection Animal Areas
- Prophylaxis for Collection Animals
- Non-Raccoon Species and Baylisascaris
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section 5 Zoo Health Management
- Chapter 31 Children’s Zoo Medicine and Management
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Preventive Medicine
- New and Emerging Diseases
- Animal Drug Use Regulation Considerations
- References
- Chapter 32 The Zoo Veterinarian’s Role in Striving for Sustainable Populations
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Population Sustainability: A Primer
- Looking Forward From Past Practices
- Achieving Healthy Mixed-species Populations With Positive Affective States
- Reproducing the Natural World
- Reproduction and Contraception
- Finding Spaces for Sustainable Populations
- Bringing It All Together for Healthy and Sustainable Populations
- Online Resources:
- References
- Chapter 33 Exhibit Biodiversity and Animal Health
- Abstract
- Biodiversity Definition
- Assessment of Existing Biodiversity
- Measures to Increase Biodiversity
- Do Good and Talk About it
- Biodiversity and Animal Health Aspects
- Veterinary Activities Related to Biodiversity in Zoos
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 25 Air Quality and Zoo Health Management
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Air Quality Parameters—Particulate Matter
- Natural Sources of Particulates
- Anthropogenic Air Particulate Pollution
- Cleaning Techniques: Pressure Washers and Blowers
- Irrigation Particulates
- Shade Cloth
- Indoor and Facility Air Quality Parameters
- HVAC Components and Contamination Exposure
- Noxious Gases and Air Quality
- Species of Increased Concern
- Monitoring Particulates
- Products Mentioned
- References
- Chapter 35 Industry Snapshot: Seafood Sustainability in Animal Diets
- Abstract
- Methodology
- Findings
- Industry Snapshot
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 36 Browse Selection and Management
- Abstract
- What Is Browse?
- Which Animals Will Receive Browse?
- What Browse to Use?
- Where to Source Browse?
- How Much Browse?
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section 6 Animal Welfare
- Chapter 37 Zoo Animal Welfare in the 21st Century—Contemporary Thinking, Assessment, and Best Practice
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Recognizing Good Animal Welfare
- The Five Domains—a Contemporary Model to Assess Welfare
- Monitoring and Assessment of Zoo Animal Welfare
- Monitoring and Assessment Tools for Zoo Animal Welfare
- Quality Assurance and Accreditation Systems for Zoo Welfare
- References
- Chapter 38 Veterinarians and the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Animal Welfare Guidelines
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The Association of Zoos and Aquariums Accreditation Standards
- The “Welfare Considerations” of All Association of Zoos and Aquariums Accreditation Standards
- The “Welfare Specific” Standards
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 39 Concepts of Animal Welfare in Natural Habitats and in Zoos: Meaning and Anxiety
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Freedom and Captivity Are Not Opposites
- “Freedom of Anxiety” and a “Meaningful Life” Represent No Tradeoff
- Providing Meaning
- Beyond the Five Freedoms Toward Choices That Matter
- The Value of Conserving “The Wild”
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 40 Allostatic Load as a Measure of Animal Stress and Health Risk
- Abstract
- Introduction
- What is Allostatic Load?
- Allostatic Load as the Pathway Between Stressor and Disease
- Estimating Allostatic Load
- How Allostatic Load Advances Animal Physiology
- Applying Allostatic Load to Wildlife in Human Care
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 41 Stereotypic Behaviors in Managed Care
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Taxonomic Examples of Stereotypic Behaviors
- Source of Stereotypic Behaviors in Managed Care
- Prevention and Treatment of Stereotypic Behaviors
- References
- Chapter 42 Welfare in Aquatic Invertebrates
- Abstract
- Animal Welfare
- Welfare Assessments
- Welfare Assessment Reviews
- Special Topics
- Opportunities
- References
- Chapter 43 Animal Welfare and Birds
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Welfare Oversight in Zoos
- Major Factors Influencing Welfare in Zoo-Housed Birds
- Enclosures
- Social Groupings
- Environmental Enrichment
- Human-Animal Interaction
- Species Selection
- Nutrition
- Flight Restriction
- Health Status
- Animal Welfare Assessment in Birds in Zoos
- Tools to Aid in the Assessment of Avian Welfare
- Future Directions to Improve Avian Welfare in Zoos
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Section 7 Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Chapter 44 Selection of a Portable Computed Tomography Unit
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Differences Between Traditional and Portable Computer Tomography
- Considerations When Selecting a Computed Tomography Unit
- How to Determine If a Computed Tomography Unit Is a Good Fit for Your Hospital
- Institutional Investments
- Benefits
- Potential to Improve Animal Welfare
- References
- Chapter 45 Urine as a Monitor of Large Carnivore Health
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Albumin
- Amylase
- Blood Urea Nitrogen
- Glucose
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- Calcium and Phosphorus
- Bilirubin
- Potassium
- References
- Chapter 46 Footcare for Zoo Ungulates (Zoo Hoofstock Trim Program)
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Foot Function and Anatomy
- Wild Foot Studies
- Preventive Management
- Identifying and Correcting Foot Disease
- Lameness Diagnosis and Management
- Therapeutic Footwear
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 47 Physical Therapy in Zoological Species
- Abstract
- Purpose of Physical Therapy
- Visual Assessment
- Physical Assessment
- Manual Techniques
- Exercise
- Modalities
- Physical Therapy in Zoological Species
- References
- Chapter 48 Integrative Medicine in Zoological Species
- Abstract
- Introduction and Applications for Integrative Medicine
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 49 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Zoo and Wildlife Across Taxa
- Abstract
- Success of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Team Preparedness
- Diagnosis of Cardiopulmonary Arrest
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Algorithm
- Patient Monitoring
- Length of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Postcardiac Arrest
- Taxa Specific Recommendations
- Zoo and Wildlife Specific Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Considerations
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 50 Blood Transfusions in Zoological Medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Indications
- Which Blood Products to Employ and How to Store Them
- Compatibility
- In Practice
- Transfusion Reactions
- Alternatives to Allogenic Blood Transfusion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section 8 Anesthesia
- Chapter 51 Anesthesia Monitoring—Understanding Supply and Demand
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Monitoring the Respiratory System
- Cardiovascular Monitoring
- Blood Gas and Lactate Monitoring
- Emerging Technology for Supply and Demand Monitoring
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 52 Newer Anesthetic Combinations Including Local Anesthesia
- Abstract
- Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine Combinations
- Nalbuphine-Azaperone-Medetomidine Combinations
- Butorphanol-Medetomidine-Midazolam Combinations
- Ketamine-Butorphanol-Medetomidine Combinations
- Medetomidine and Vatinoxan
- Alfaxalone Combinations
- Local Anesthesia in Wild Animals
- References
- Chapter 53 The Selection of Anesthetic Combinations
- Abstract
- The Selection of Drug Combinations
- Interactions Between Drugs
- Reducing Side Effects by Using Drugs in Combination
- Species Considerations
- Patient-Specific Considerations
- Procedural Considerations
- Safety Considerations
- Reversal of Drug Combinations
- Drug Availability and Practicality
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 54 Capture Mortality and Impacts
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Adverse Events
- Mortalities
- Necropsy
- Long-Term Impacts
- Nontarget Species Impacts
- Monitoring Programs
- Iterative Refinement of Outcomes
- Conclusions
- References
- Section 9 Invertebrates
- Chapter 55 Coral Diseases
- Abstract
- Coral Disease Research
- Coral Health Assessment
- Main Diseases of Coral
- Bacterial and Cyanobacterial Diseases
- Fungal Diseases
- Diseases Related With Parasites and Protists
- Viral Diseases
- Diagnostics
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 56 Honey Bees
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Diseases of Honey Bee Brood
- Treatment
- Preventive Strategies
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- Chapter 57 Partula Snail Medicine
- Abstract
- General Biology
- Special Housing Requirements
- Feeding
- Handling
- Euthanasia and Necropsy
- Diseases
- Future Directions
- Conservation Efforts
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section 10 Aquatics
- Chapter 58 Fish Medicine Updates
- Abstract
- Megalocytivirus
- Betanodavirus
- Picornaviruses
- Tilapia Lake Virus
- Erysipelothrix Species
- Fusasporis stethaprioni
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 59 Antibiotic Resistance in Public Aquariums
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Resistance Mechanisms
- Multidrug Resistance Organisms
- Testing
- Antimicrobial Stewardship
- Public Aquarium Antimicrobial Resistance Cycle
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 60 Harmful Algal Blooms
- Abstract
- Introduction to Harmful Algal Blooms
- Causes of Harmful Algal Blooms
- Contamination of Dietary Supplements
- Specific Toxins Associated With Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms
- Microcystins and Nodularins
- Anatoxins
- Saxitoxins
- Cylindrospermopsin
- Debromoaplysiatoxin
- Other Environmental Impacts Associated With Harmful Algal Blooms
- Treatment of Animals Exposed to Harmful Algal Blooms
- Prevention of Animal Exposures to Harmful Algal Blooms
- Conclusion
- References
- Section 11 Amphibians
- Chapter 61 Update on Amphibian Chytrid Fungus
- Abstract
- New Pathogen
- Transmission and Reservoirs
- Host Factors
- Environmental Factors
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Disease Prevention and Management
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 62 Medical Aspects of Mountain Yellow-Legged Frog Reintroduction
- Abstract
- Background and Conservation Threats
- Life Cycle
- Transport and Captive Husbandry
- Chytridiomycosis
- Conditions Related to Husbandry
- Parasites
- Cloacal Prolapses
- Future Directions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 63 Noninvasive Imaging Techniques in Amphibian Medicine—Access
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Radiography
- Ultrasonography and Elastography
- Computed Tomography and X-ray Microtomography
- Microscopic Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Microscopic Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Full-field Optical Coherence Tomography
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Section 12 Reptiles
- Chapter 64 Snake Implants Techniques and Safety
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Transmitter Selection and Presurgical Considerations
- Surgical Procedure
- Celiotomy
- Replacement or Removal of Transmitters
- Postoperative Recovery
- Snake Radio Transmitter Morbidity and Study Concerns
- References
- Chapter 65 Emerging Infectious Diseases of Reptiles
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Respiratory Disease in Snakes
- Nidovirus Infections in Other Reptiles
- Neurological Disease in Snakes
- Respiratory Disease in Chelonians
- Emerging Mycoses
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 66 New Methods of Reptile Health Assessment
- Abstract
- Introduction and Recent Advances
- Modeling Health
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 67 Veterinary Management of European Pond Turtle Reintroductions
- Abstract
- Introduction and History of the Project
- Captive Conservation Facilities
- Incubation and Hatching
- Veterinary Follow-Up
- Managing Populations
- Released Population
- Reintroduction Follow Up
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section 13 Avian
- Chapter 68 Causes of Death in Toucans
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Bacterial Diseases
- Fungal Diseases
- Parasitic Diseases
- Viral Diseases
- Metabolic Diseases
- Other Causes of Death
- Immunosuppression
- References
- Chapter 69 Pelican Health
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Unique Anatomy
- Feeding and Nutrition
- Housing
- Restraint and Handling
- Diagnostics
- Traumatic Injury
- Toxin Exposure
- Neoplasia
- Bacterial and Fungal Diseases
- Viral Diseases
- Parasitic Infection
- Surgery/Anesthesia
- Reproduction
- References
- Chapter 71 Ground-hornbill Medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Handling
- Infectious Diseases
- Noninfectious Diseases
- Diseases Associated With Incubation and Hand Rearing
- Reproduction
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Environmental Contaminants
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 71 Tropical Avian Diseases
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Noninfectious Diseases
- Infectious Diseases
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 72 Avian Hatching Assistance
- Abstract
- Normal Hatching Process
- Assisted Hatching Techniques
- Internal Pip/No Progress
- External Pip With Dry Membranes
- External Pip Away From Air Cell
- No Progress After Draw Down
- Embryo in Normal Position With No Progress
- Embryo in Malposition With No External Pip
- References
- Chapter 73 Egg Necropsies
- Abstract
- Fertility and Hatchability
- Egg Breakout Procedures
- Causes of Mortality
- References
- Chapter 74 Electrocution of Raptors
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Data Analysis
- Clinical Management
- Discussion
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- References
- Chapter 75 Update on the Status of Vultures and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Regulations
- Abstract
- Vulture Declines in South Asia
- Vulture Declines in Southeast Asia
- Vulture Declines in Africa
- The Status of Vultures in Europe
- The Status of Vultures in South Asia
- Conservation Breeding
- Vulture Surveys
- Vulture Safe Zones
- Research on the Toxicity of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs to Vultures
- Advocacy for and Regulation of Veterinary Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
- Surveillance for Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs on Sale and in the Environment
- Releases of Vultures
- Successes to Date
- A Future With Vultures?
- References
- Chapter 76 Twenty Years of West Nile Virus in North America
- Abstract
- Background
- History and Distribution
- Epizootiology and Transmission
- Host Susceptibility and Clinical Signs
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment, Prevention, and Management Implications
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 77 Infectious Diseases of Antarctic Penguins—Current and Future Threats
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Historical Infectious Disease Investigations of Antarctic Penguins
- A Paradigm Shift for Identifying Viruses of Antarctic Penguins
- Methods of Introduction of Pathogens
- Drivers of Infectious Disease
- Final Thoughts
- References
- Chapter 78 Philornis downsi and Related Species in Birds
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Systematics and Distribution of Philornis
- Life Cycle and Behavior
- Hosts
- Impacts of Hematophagous Philornis Species in Natural and Invaded Habitats
- Diagnostics
- Techniques for Controlling Philornis Species
- Short-term measures
- Long-term Measures
- Ex situ Protection: Captive Rearing/Breeding
- Increasing Resilience of Nesting Birds
- Acknowledgment
- Reference
- Chapter 79 Medical Aspects of Translocation of Pink Pigeons to Mauritius
- Abstract
- Introduction and History of the Pink Pigeon
- Considerations for Translocation of Pink Pigeons
- Disease Risk Analysis
- Step 3: Risk Assessment
- Step 4: Risk Management
- Proposed Preexport Protocol for Export of EAZA Ex situ Programme Birds to Mauritius
- Limitations and Final Considerations
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section 14 Marine Mammals
- Chapter 80 Dugong Medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Clinically Important Anatomy
- Captive Husbandry
- Rescue, Transport, and Rehabilitation
- Restraint, Sedation, Anesthesia, and Euthanasia
- Illness and Injury
- Hand-Rearing
- Clinical Pathology
- Reproduction
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 81 Oral Health in Marine Mammals
- Abstract
- Dentition
- Dental Examination—Practicalities
- Dental Disease in Odontocetes
- Dental Disease in Pinnipeds
- Soft Tissue Conditions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 82 Dolphin Nephrolithiasis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Anatomical Considerations
- Prevalence
- Risk Factors
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis of Nephrolithiasis
- Diagnosing a Stone Obstruction
- Treatment Options for Stone Obstruction
- Diet Optimization
- Management and Prevention
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 83 Marine Brucellosis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Marine Host
- Transmission
- Pathology of Brucellosis in Marine Mammals
- Molecular Characterization of Marine Brucella
- Marine Brucellosis as a Zoonosis
- Limitation to Study Stranded Animals With Marine Brucellosis
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 84 What can be Learned from Marine Mammal Strandings?
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Stranded Small Cetaceans
- Stranded Large Whales
- References
- Chapter 85 Large Whale Euthanasia and Necropsy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Euthanasia
- Necropsy
- References
- Section 15 Ungulates
- Chapter 86 Free-Ranging Marsh Deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) Health: Immobilization, Sample Collection, and Disease Survey
- Abstract
- The Marsh Deer
- Geographic Distribution and Habitat
- Mortality Events
- Immobilization
- Sampling
- Postmortem Sampling
- Biohazard During Wildlife Mortality Events
- Diseases Reported in Wild Marsh Deer
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 87 Prion Disease in Cervid Species
- Abstract
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Signs and Disease Course
- Diagnosis
- Treatment, Control, and Prevention
- References
- Chapter 88 Parturition in Rhinoceros
- Abstract
- Fetal Morphometry
- Clinical Signs of Parturition
- Estrogen Increase and Progesterone Decrease Prior to Parturition
- Parturition
- Labor Stage II
- Labor Stage III
- Perinatal Period
- Dystocia and Perinatal Complications
- References
- Chapter 89 White Rhino Diet-Induced Infertility
- Abstract
- Historical Background
- Potential Explanations
- Dietary Phytoestrogens
- Role of the Microbiome
- Considerations for Other Species
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 90 Browsing Rhinoceros and Iron Storage Disease—An Update
- Abstract
- The Role of Iron and Iron Homeostasis
- Iron Overload—Causes, Findings, and Significance
- Iron Overload and Oxidative Stress
- Iron Overload and Infection
- Dietary Iron
- Diagnosis of Overload
- Treatment of Overload
- References
- Section 16 Elephants
- Chapter 91 Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Update
- Abstract
- New Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Cases in African Elephants
- Capacity Building
- Therapy
- Preparedness
- Monitoring Program
- Hematology and Serum Biochemistry
- Behavioral/Clinical Observations
- Prevalence
- Serology
- Future Directions
- Sequencing
- References
- Chapter 92 Use of Corrective Shoes in Elephants
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 93 Uroliths in Elephants
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications and Postoperative Care
- Prevention
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 94 Artificial Insemination in Elephants
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Hormone Profiles
- Semen Collection
- Semen Cryopreservation
- Artificial Insemination
- Pregnancy Monitoring
- Birth Management
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 95 Vital Signs and Parameters in Newborn Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus)
- Abstract
- References
- Section 17 Primates
- Chapter 96 Intravenous Anesthesia in Great Apes
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 97 Voluntary Medical Procedures in Great Apes
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Risk Assessment
- Physical Examination
- Diagnostic Sample Collection
- Treatments
- Radiographs
- Abdominal Ultrasound
- Pregnancy Diagnosis and Monitoring
- Echocardiography
- Blood Pressure Measurement
- Electrocardiography
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 98 Chimpanzee Mortality Review: 25 Years
- Abstract
- Mortality Classification and Analysis
- Mortality Trends by Age Class
- Mortality Trends by Etiology
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 99 Orangutan Respiratory Disease Syndrome
- Abstract
- Introduction/Definition
- Cystic Fibrosis as the Model
- Orangutan Respiratory Disease Syndrome Diagnosis
- Orangutan Respiratory Disease Syndrome Clinical Management
- ORDS/Chronic/Airway Disease Present
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section 18 Small Mammals
- Chapter 100 Echidna Nutrition
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Natural Diet
- Comparative Digestive Physiology
- Zoo Diets
- Energy
- Fat
- Protein
- Carbohydrate
- Minerals
- Vitamins
- Transfaunation
- Body Condition Scoring
- Fecal Consistency Scoring
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 101 Macropod Progressive Periodontal Disease (Lumpy Jaw)
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Microbiology
- Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
- Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 102 Medicine/Triage of Pangolin Confiscations
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Prior to Confiscations
- Triage Levels
- Commonly Seen Syndromes
- Trauma
- Gastroenteritis
- Starvation
- Ocular Abnormalities
- Skin Conditions
- Generalized Bacterial Infections
- Parasitism
- Postconfiscation Handling and Treatment
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 103 Medicine of Giant Armadillos (Priodontes maximus)
- Abstract
- Biology and Conservation
- Anatomy
- Husbandry
- Nutrition
- Reproduction
- Capture Methods and Physical Restraint
- Anesthesia
- Surgery
- Clinical Pathology
- Diseases
- Zoonotic Parasites
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 104 Veterinary Management ofEuropean Hedgehogs
- Abstract
- Taxonomy and Natural History
- Unique Anatomy and Its Clinical Relevance
- Physical Examination With or Without Anesthesia
- Hedgehogs in the Emergency Room
- Anesthesia
- Noninfectious Diseases
- Infectious Diseases
- References
- Section 19 Carnivores
- Chapter 105 Veterinary Medicine in the Rehab of “Dancing” Bears in India
- Abstract
- Wild Sloth Bear Taxonomy and Distribution
- Wildlife SOS and Captive Sloth Bear Population in India
- Quarantine Protocol
- Restraint and Handling
- Chemical Immobilization
- Blood Sampling and Parenteral Medication
- Nutrition and Veterinary Care
- Immunization
- Reproductive Parameters
- Embryonic Diapause (Delayed Implantation) and Gestation
- Common Diseases Affecting Rescued Dancing Sloth Bears
- Viral Diseases
- Necropsy Lesions and Control
- Infectious Canine Hepatitis
- Treatment and Control
- Rotaviral Enteritis
- Bacterial Diseases
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Prophylactic/Therapeutic Approach
- Leptospirosis
- Fungal Disease
- Pancreatitis
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Urinalysis
- Neoplasms
- Adenocarcinoma and Bronchioalveolar Carcinoma
- Benign Tumors
- Parasitic Infestation
- Musculoskeletal and other Disorders
- Medicine
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 106 Morbidity and Mortality of Asiatic Black Bears (Ursus thibetanus) Associated with Bile Farming
- Abstract
- Introduction to Bile-Farming Traditions in Southeast Asia and China
- Bear Bile Farm Husbandry and Diet
- Selected Diagnostics for Hepatobiliary Disease
- Selected Diseases of Bile-Farmed Bears
- Renal Disease
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Ocular Disease
- Behavioral Abnormalities and Chronic Stress
- Dental Disease
- Mobility Problems
- References
- Chapter 107 Using In Situ/Ex Situ Research Collaborations to Support Polar Bear Conservation
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Health
- Physiology
- Energetics
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 108 Semen Banking of Wild Felids for Zoo Vets
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Urethral Catheterization for Semen Recovery
- Semen Cryopreservation
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 109 Advantages and Challenges of Carcass Feeding Strategies of Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in Human Care
- Abstract
- Unique Anatomy
- Diseases in Cheetahs, Gastritis
- Cheetah Feeding Habits
- Diets and Feeding Strategies of Cheetahs Under Human Care
- Considerations to Take When Providing Carcass Feeding
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 110 Cheetah Liver Disease: A Diagnosis and Treatment Update
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Diagnosis
- Imaging
- Treatment
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 832
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: July 8, 2022
- Imprint: Saunders
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323828529
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443268588
- eBook ISBN: 9780323828536
RM
R. Eric Miller
NL
Nadine Lamberski
PC