Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders

1st Edition - February 26, 2010
Editors: Katie Kompoliti, Leonard Verhagen
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 7 4 1 0 1 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 7 4 1 0 5 - 9

The Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders is a comprehensive reference work on movement disorders, encompassing a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatr… Read more

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The Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders is a comprehensive reference work on movement disorders, encompassing a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and pharmacology. This compilation will feature more than 300 focused entries, including sections on different disease states, pathophysiology, epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, as well as discussions on relevant basic science topics. This Encyclopedia is an essential addition to any collection, written to be accessible for both the clinical and non-clinical reader. Academic clinicians, translational researchers and basic scientists are brought together to connect experimental findings made in the laboratory to the clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment of movement disorders. The Encyclopedia targets a broad readership, ranging from students to general physicians, basic scientists and Movement Disorder specialists. Published both in print and via Elsevier’s online platform of Science Direct, this Encyclopedia will have the enhanced option of integrating traditional print with online multimedia.

Serotonin and Tryptophan

Akathisia

Akinetic-Rigid Syndrome

Alien limb

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists in Tic Disorders

The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism-dementia complex of three Pacific isolates. New understandings from Guam

Aluminum

Using animal models to understand Tourette Syndrome

ANTICHOLINERGICS

Asterixis

Athetosis

Autonomic dysfunction

Basal Ganglia

Bradykinesia

Corticobasal Degeneration

Complex tics

CYANIDES

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Parkinson’s Disease

Drug-induced movement disorders

Drug-induced myoclonus

Drug-induced parkinsonism

Drug-induced tremor

Dyskinesias

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)

Encephalitis lethargica and Postencephalitic parkinsonism

Epilepsia partialis continua

Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)

Gait Disturbances in Parkinsonism

Hallucinations and movement disorders

Hemiatrophy Hemiparkinsonism

Hemiballismus

Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale

Hydrocarbons

Jumpy Stumps and Phantom Dyskinesias

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Kinesia paradoxica

Lance-Adams Syndrome

Manganese

Mercury

Myoclonus

Myoclonus, animal models

Brainstem Reticular Myoclonus

Cortical Myoclonus

Epileptic Myoclonus

Palatal Myoclonus

Propriospinal Myoclonus

Spinal Segmental Myoclonus

Myoclonus-Dystonia/Essential myoclonus

Neuroimaging, Parkinson’s Disease

Neuroleptics

Nicotine

PANDAS

Parkinson, James

Parkinson’s disease: definition, diagnosis, and management

THE GENETICS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Paroxysmal movement disorders

Parkinson’s Disease Quesionniare-39 (PDQ-39)

Pesticides

Psychosis in parkinsonism

Rating scales in movement disorders

Rigidity

Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale

Senile chorea

Simple tics

Spasm

SPECT imaging in Movement Disorders

Striatal hand

Striatonigral degeneration

Tardive syndromes

Transplantation

Tremor

Cortical Tremor

Tremor, essential (syndromes)

Essential Tremor, Genetics

Tremor, Holmes

Primary orthostatic tremor

Palatal Tremor

Postural Tremor

Rest Tremor

UNIFIED PARKINSON’S DISEASE RATING SCALE (UPDRS) AND THE MOVEMENT-DISORDER SOCIETY SPONSORED-UNIFIED PARKINSON’S DISEASE RATING SCALE (MDS-UPDRS)

Vascular parkinsonism

Accelerometry

Actigraphy

Animal models for dystonia

Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis of Infancy

Blephorospasm

Botulinum toxin

Fahn-Marsden Rating Scale

Cervical dystonia

Concentric needle EMG

Acute drug-induced dystonia

Dystonia

Secondary Dystonia

Dystonia, task-specific

Dystonia, traumatic

Dystonic storm

DYT1

Paroxysmal kinesiogenic dyskinesia (PKD) (DYT10)

DYT11, DYT15 – MYOCLONUS-DYSTONIA

DYT12 – RAPID ONSET DYSTONIA PARKINSONISM

DYT13 (cranio-cervical-brachial)

DYT2-AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE GENERALIZED DYSTONIA

LUBAG OR X-LINKED DYSTONIA-PARKINSONISM: A REVIEW OF PHENOTYPE AND GENOTYPE

DYT4 AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TYPE DYSTONIA OR WHISPERING DYSPHONIA

DYT5

DYT6- Mixed Phenotype Primary Dystonia

DYT7-AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT FOCAL DYSTONIA

Paroxysmal non-kinesiogenic dyskinesia (PNKD) (DYT8)

Paroxysmal dyskinesia with spasticity (DYT9)

Eye-of-the-Tiger Sign

Geste antagonistique

Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome (PKAN)

Hemifacial spasm

Meige’s syndrome

Dystonia in Amish-Mennonite and Mennonite Families

Neuroferritinopathy

Periodic Limb Movements

Generalized Primary Torsion Dystonia

Ramisectomy

REM-behavior disorder

Restless legs syndrome

Sleep attacks

Spasmodic Dysphonia: Focal Laryngeal Dystonia

Torsin A

TWSTRS

Writer's cramp

Acetylcholine

Cholinesterase inhibitors in Parkinson’s disease

Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinsonism

Animal models of multiple system atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxias

Aprataxin

UPPER LIMB APRAXIAS

Ataxia

Ataxia (familial cerebellar) with muscle CoQ10 deficiency

Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

ATM gene

Bradyphrenia

Cayman ataxia

CJD

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Cognitive assessments and Parkinson’s Disease

Cortical Sensory Dysfunction and the Parietal Lobe

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Dementia, movement disorders

Executive dysfunction

FRIEDREICH’S ATAXIA AND VARIANTS

Frontotemporal dementia-parkinsonism

Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations and parkinsonism

Gluten ataxia

ICARS – International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale

Idebenone and Friedreich Ataxia

Kuru

MMSE - Mini-Mental State Examination

NARP

Olivopontocerebellar atrophy

Paraneoplastic movement disorders

Refsum Disease- a disorder of peroxisomal alpha-oxidation

RNA interference

Roussy-Levy disease

Sacsin

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 (SCA19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26)

Spinocerebellar ataxias genetics

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 10 (SCA10)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11)

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12

Spinocerebellar ataxia types 13, 14, 15 and 16

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

SCA-3 (Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 / Machado-Joseph disease)

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 4

SCA-5 (Spinocerebellar ataxia 5)

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6

SCA-7 (spinocerebellar ataxia with macular dystrophy)

SCA 8

Senataxin

Tauopathies

Tocopherol Transfer Protein and Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Whipple's Disease

CJD

Alpha synuclein

Animal models for essential tremor

Animal models for Parkinson's disease

Caenorhabditis elegans

Caspases and Neuronal Cell Death

Climbing behavior

Complex I deficiency

Confocal microscopy

Cylinder test (Paw reach test)

Cystatin B

Dopaminergic Agonists in Parkinson’s Disease

Dopamine depletors

Dopamine receptors

Dopamine Transporter: Aging and Parkinson’s disease

DROSOPHILA MODELS OF PARKINSON DISEASE

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA 27 (SCA27) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MISSENSE MUTATION IN THE FGF14 GENE

Foot print analysis (rat)

GABA and movement disorders

GDNF (including nurturin)

Gene microarrays

Glial cell activation in PD

Glial cytoplasmic inclusions

Hand-reach task

Harmaline tremor model

Immunophilin Ligands

Inflammation and PD

Junctophilin

Kainic Acid Model of Dystonia

Leaner mouse

Lick-force rhythm test

Mitochondrial dysfunction

MPTP

Neurofibrillary tangles

Neuroleptic-induced nonhuman primate models of EPS and TD

Nitric oxide

Locus Coeruleus and Norepinephrine

Object retrieval-detour task

Opioid system

Press-while-licking task

The proteasome system in Movement Disorders

Rotation, drug-induced

Staircase (skilled reaching) test

Stepping (forelimb akinesia) test

Stereology

Substantia Nigra

Subthalamic nucleus

Synucleinopathies

Tail-pinch stimulus

Tottering Mouse- a definition

Western blot

Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL)

Movement Disorders Caused by CNS Stimulants

Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency

Atrophin-1

Beam walking test

Belly Dancer’s Dyskinesia

Benzodiazepines in the Treatment of Movement Disorders

Beta-blockers

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

Co-enzyme Q10 and neurodegenerative diseases

COMT Inhibitors in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Somatoform Disorders

Dopa-decarboxylase Inhibitors

The Small Molecule Neurotransmitter – Dopamine

Dysarthria

Dysphagia

Abnormal eye movements in movement disorders

Eyelid opening apraxia

Factitious disorders

Fumarase deficiency

Gaucher's Disease

GLABELLAR REFLEX

GM1 type 3 gangliosidosis

GM2 gangliosidosis

Hypophonia

Kayser-Fleischer

Kernicterus

Lafora disease

Leigh syndrome

Levodopa

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Malingering

Marinesco-Sj¿gren syndrome

MERRF

Mitochondrial encephalopathies

INTRODUCTION

Myokymia

Niemann-Pick Type C

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Oculomasticatory myorhythmia

Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome

Painful Limbs Moving Extremities (PLME)

Pallido-nigro-luysian Degeneration

PARK2 (parkin)

PARK5 (UCH-L1)

PARK7 (DJ1)

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease

Primidone

Propionic acidemia

Pseudobulbar symptoms

Psychogenic movement disorders

Rabbit syndrome

Rett syndrome

Sialidosis

Oral dyskinesia

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Supranuclear eye movement control

Tics

Tourette syndrome

Unverricht-Lundborg's disease

Weaver mouse

Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS)

3-nitropropionic acid: a mitochondrial toxin leading to striatal degeneration

Applause sign

Chorea-acanthocytosis

Chorea

Chorea gravidarum

Postpump Chorea

Dentatorubropallidoluysian Atrophy

Huntington’s disease-like 2

Huntington’s Disease: Genetics

George Huntington (1850-1916) and hereditary chorea

Huntington's disease

Choreiform disorders

Juvenile parkinsonism

Monoamine Oxidase Type B Inhibitors

McLeod syndrome

Milkmaid's grip

Motor impersistence

Neuroacanthocytosis syndromes

Neuroprotection in movement disorders

Pseudoathetosis

Quinolinic acid

Antidepressants

Serotonin syndrome

Lupus Chorea

St. Vitus dance

Stiff person syndrome and variants

Sydenham's chorea

Trinucleotide repeat disorders

Westphal variant

Wilson’s disease

Approximate entropy

Basal ganglia, functional organization

Binswanger's subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy

Braak classification

Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)

Bruxism

Camptocormia

Cannabinoids

CAPIT, CAPSIT

Cock-walk

Complex regional pain syndrome

Deep brain stimulation

Depression and parkinsonism

Direct pathway

Electromyography (EMG)

Event-Related Potentials: Slow Potentials

Freezing of Gait

Gait ignition failure

Paratonia (Gegenhalten)

HARP syndrome

Movement Disorders in HIV infection

Hot-Cross Bun Sign (MRI and MSA)

H-reflex

Hyperekplexia

Indirect pathway

Interspike Interval

Jumping Frenchmen of Maine

Latah

Lesch-Nyhan Disease

Melanin

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Micrographia

Motor evoked potential

Motor fluctuations

Motor unit

Motor unit synchronization

Movement time

Multiple system atrophy

Myorhythmia

Myriachit

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Neural networks

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Biology of NR4A subfamily

Paired pulse TMS

Pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease

Alpha-synuclein

PARK6 (PINK1)

PARK8 (LRRK2, Dardarin)

Paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia

PARK3

PET Imaging in Movement Disorders

Pisa syndrome

PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE FREEZING GAIT: CURRENT VIEW

Progressive supranuclear palsy

Punding (PD)

Reaction time

Motor Output Variability

rhizotomy

rTMS

Shy-Drager Syndrome

Single pulse TMS

Spastic paraparesis

Surgery for movement disorders, overview, including history

Thalamotomy

Theta burst TMS

Intra-Individual Variability in Movement

Recessive hereditary methemoglobinemia type II

SARA (Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia)

FARS (Friedreich's ataxia Rating Scale)

Prof. Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson: his impact on the concepts of Extrapyramidal Syndromes and Movement Disorders

Parkinson Hyperpyrexia Syndrome

Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome

Alexander Disease

Tardive dystonia

THE GENETICS OF PARKINSONISM

Animal models of dyskinesias

Oxidative Stress and Movement Disorders

Stem Cells

Katie Kompoliti

Dr. Kompoliti was born in Greece and completed her early education there, including Medical School. She graduated from the University of Patras, college of Medicine in 1988. She came to the United States in 1989, where she completed the rest of her medical education. She first trained in internal medicine (1990-1992) at St Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL. Following that she pursued her interest in neuroscience by completing a residency in Neurology at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (1992-1995). After the completion of her residency she held a fellowship in Movement Disorders at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (1995-1997). She became Assistant Professor of Neurology in 1998 and Associate Professor in 2004. She is board certified in Neurology (1997-present) and is a member of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Neurological Association and the Movement Disorder Society. The author and coauthor of numerous publications, her clinical interests as a principal investigator have focused on several therapeutic areas of on-going research including studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new compounds to treat Parkinson’s disease, Tourette syndrome, and Psychogenic Movement Disorders. Special interests of Dr. Kompoliti’s include the gender differences in Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders, studies to define the effect of neuroleptics on weight, risk for diabetes and dyslipidemia in patients with Tourette syndrome, and define the current status of use of Complementatry and Alternative Medicine in patients with Tourette syndrome. Finally, Dr. Kompoliti has been conducting studies to assess therapeutic interventions for patients with functional movement disorders. Dr. Kompoliti is a member of the National Medical Advisory Board of the Tourette Syndrome Association and has given numerous lectures and Grand rounds around the country to increase public awareness in Tourette Syndrome.

Affiliations and expertise

Movement Disorders Section, Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA

Leonard Verhagen

Leonard Verhagen Metman earned his medical degree from the University of Leiden in the Netherlands in 1983. He moved to the United States in 1985 to work in the Artificial Heart Program at the University of Utah with Dr. Willem J. Kolff (1985-1987). He first pursued his interest in the Neurosciences by joining the Division of Restorative Neurology and Human Neurobiology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas with Dr. Milan R. Dimitrijevic (1987-1988). Following an internship at Waterbury Hospital Health Center in Connecticut (1988-1989), he completed his Neurology residency at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania under Robert J. Schwartzman (1989-1992). He then accepted a fellowship at the National Institutes of Health, in the Experimental Therapeutics Branch of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland under Thomas N. Chase (1992-1994). Upon completion he remained at the NIH as Visiting Associate and later as Visiting Scientist until 1999 when he joined the Movement Disorder Section of the Department of Neurological Sciences at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois, directed by Dr. Christopher G. Goetz. In 2002 Dr. Verhagen received his Ph.D. from the University of Leiden based on his studies of motor response complications in Parkinson's disease. Over the past 10 years at Rush, Dr. Verhagen has served as Assistant Professor (1999-2000) and Associate Professor (2001-current) of Neurological Sciences. In addition, he established the Rush Movement Disorder Surgery Program and serves as its Medical Director. His clinical research interests include the development of new medical and surgical therapies for patients with advanced movement disorders. Dr. Verhagen is board certified in psychiatry and neurology (1994-present) and is a member of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Neurological Association and the Movement Disorder Society.

Affiliations and expertise

Movement Disorders Section, Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA

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