Encapsulated Nanomaterial and Plant Interfaces

Section I: Encapsulated nanomaterial (synthesis, characterization, applications, and environmental implications) 1. Encapsulated nanoparticles: A way towards the sustainable solution 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Origin and evolution of encapsulated nanoparticles 1.3. Encapsulated in NPs agricultural plant production 1.4. Encapsulated NPs in agricultural animal production 1.5. Supranutritional and toxic intake of encapsulated NPs in agriculture 1.6. Conclusions and future remarks 2. Synthesis, characterization and applications of encapsulated nanoparticles 2.1. Introduction 2.2. A short note on evolution of encapsulated nanoparticles 2.3. Synthesis of encapsulated NPs 2.4. Characterization of encapsulated NPs 2.5. Applications of encapsulated NPs 2.6. Regulation and behavior of encapsulated nanoparticles with soil organisms 2.7. Role of encapsulated nanoparticles in environmental stress protection 2.8. Exogenous application 2.9. Conclusion 3. Herbicide encapsulated nanoparticles and their impact on the plant, microbe, and human system 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Impact of herbicide encapsulated nanoparticles 3.3. Effect of herbicide encapsulated nanoparticles on environment (water, soil, and air) 3.4. Conclusion and prospects 4. Plant Growth regulators and Functions of encapsulated nanoparticles: a brief overview 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Encapsulated NPs and plant growth regulators 4.3. Encapsulated NPs and ROS generation 4.4. Encapsulated NPs and antioxidant status 4.5. Encapsulated NPs and nutrient regulation 4.6. Encapsulated NPs induced status of gene regulation. 4.7. Conclusion 5. Hormone encapsulated nanoparticles and their impact on the plant system 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Significance/impact of hormone encapsulated nanoparticles 5.3. Effect of hormone encapsulated nanoparticles on environment (water, soil, and air) 5.4. Conclusion and prospects 6. Fertilizers encapsulated Nanoparticles and their impacts on soil, plant and animals 6.1. Encapsulated NPs in Soils 6.2. Distribution of Encapsulated NPs in the Profile 6.3. Encapsulated NPs as a mineral in Soils 6.4. Adsorption of encapsulated NPs in Soils 6.5. Encapsulated NPs interactions with Organic Matter 6.6. Solubility of encapsulated NPs in Soils 6.7. Stability of Synthetic encapsulated NPs Chelates in Soils 6.8. Availability of encapsulated NPs to Plants 6.9. Patterns of encapsulated NPs Deficiency 6.10. Factors Affecting encapsulated NPs Availability 6.11. Movement of encapsulated NPs to Plant Roots 6.12. Absorption of encapsulated NPs by Plants 6.13. Distribution of encapsulated NPs in Plants 6.14. Function of encapsulated NPs in Plants 7. Signalling molecule encapsulated nanoparticles and their role in plant, microbe, and human system 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Beneficial and toxic responses of Signalling molecule encapsulated nanoparticles 7.3 Molecular interventions of Signalling molecule encapsulated nanoparticles 7.4. Impact of signalling molecule encapsulated nanoparticles on biotic and abiotic stress tolerance 7.5: Conclusion and Future prospects 8. Encapsulated Nanoparticles: Advancements in Nanobionic Plants 8.1 Introduction to Plant Nanobionics 8.2 Examples using encapsulated nanoparticles to create plant nanobionic 8.3 Conclusion and Future prospects 9. Fate and risk assessment of encapsulated nanoparticles in ecological system and human beings 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Significance of encapsulated nanoparticles 9.3. Effect of encapsulated nanoparticles on environment (water, soil, and air) 9.4. Conclusion and prospects 10. Pristine Nanomaterials versus Encapsulated Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Benefits, and Toxicity Effects 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Pristine Nanomaterials x Encapsulated NMs 10.3. Benefits 10.4. Toxicity 10.5. Conclusion 11. Role of encapsulated Nanoparticles against the nutrient deficiency/toxicity in soil and plants: Cause and remediation 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Causes and remediation of nanoparticles deficiency in plant and soil. 11.3. Toxicity responses of nanoparticles in soil and plants 11.4. Conclusion 12. The solutions, threats and opportunities of encapsulated nanoparticles in food hunger 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Role of encapsulated nanoparticles in human and Plant system 12.3. Symptoms of encapsulated nanoparticles deficiency 12.4. Encapsulated nanoparticles and Food Sources 12.5. Toxicity and Dosage Recommendations 12.6. Beneficial aspects of encapsulated nanoparticles 12.7. Conclusion Section II: Plant Interface 13. Defining ‘encapsulated nanoparticles’ and their importance in plant science 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Meaning of encapsulated nanoparticles in plant science 13.3. Causes of toxicity of encapsulated metalloids NPs in biological systems 13.4. Conclusion and future prospect 14. Translocation, accumulation, and distribution of encapsulated nanoparticles in plants 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Encapsulated nanoparticles exposure and entry 14.3. Toxicity and responses on plant phenomics 14.4. Specificity and regulation of responses 14.5. Mechanism of tolerance 15. Molecular mechanism of encapsulated nanoparticles responses in plants and microbes 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Mode of action of encapsulated nanoparticles in plant and microbial cells 15.3. Molecular mechanism of uptake and translocation of encapsulated nanoparticles 15.4. Plant encapsulated nanoparticles tolerance and involvement of anti-oxidative and glyoxalase systems 15.5. Conclusion 16. Influence of encapsulated nanoparticles on microbial diversity of soil and ecosystem function 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Responses of microbial communities to encapsulated nanoparticles contamination. 16.3. Bioindicators of soil quality and encapsulated nanoparticles contamination 16.4. Evaluation of various encapsulated bioindicators 16.5. Conclusion 17. Bioavailability of encapsulated nanoparticles 17.1. Introduction 17.2. Saturation response modeling of encapsulated nanoparticles absorption data 17.3. Absorption of encapsulated nanoparticles from supplements 17.4. Effect of dietary phytate on the bioavailability of encapsulated nanoparticles 17.5. Saturation response modeling of encapsulated nanoparticles absorption data 17.6. Intestinal excretion of endogenous encapsulated nanoparticles 17.7. Conclusion and future prospects 18. Mechanisms of encapsulated nanoparticles in the soil-plant interphase: Role and regulation 18.1. Introduction 18.2. Encapsulated NPs in the soil-plant interphase 18.3. Encapsulated NPs interaction with the soil components 18.4. The effects of time on Encapsulated NPs metal adsorption 18.5. Encapsulated NPs Nanoparticles asorption by soils - effects of concentration, pH and time 18.6. Modelling the reaction between Encapsulated NPs and soil 18.7. Forms of Encapsulated NPs in soil 18.8. Conclusion 19. The contribution of Rhizosphere in the Supply of encapsulated nanoparticles to Plants 19.1. Introduction 19.2. Soil ph – the master variable influencing encapsulated nanoparticles availability. 19.3. Rhizosphere effect on plant encapsulated nanoparticles availability. 19.4. Microflora influencing encapsulated nanoparticles availability. 19.5. Exudation of organic compounds into the rhizosphere due to encapsulated nanoparticles 19.6. Conclusion 20. Distribution and Transports of encapsulated Nanoparticles in the soil-plant interphase 20.1. Introduction 20.2. Distribution of encapsulated NPs in different soils 20.3. Transport of encapsulated NPs from Soil to plant roots 20.4. Transport of encapsulated NPs from Root to different parts of plants 20.5. Factors affecting the transport of encapsulated NPs in plants 20.6. Recent insights of encapsulated NPs transport in plants 20.7. Conclusion and future outlooks 21. Genotypic Variation in encapsulated Nanoparticles Uptake and Utilization by Plants 21.1. Introduction 21.2. Evidence for genetic variation: a brief overview in respect of NPs 21.3. Genetics of encapsulated NPs efficiency 21.4. Mechanisms of encapsulated NPs efficiency 21.5. Screening techniques for identifying encapsulated NPs efficiency in breeding programs 21.6. Agronomic considerations 21.7. Distribution in different plant genotypes 21.8. Conclusion 22. Encapsulated Nanoparticles and environmental stress signaling and tolerance in plants and microbes 22.1. Introduction 22.2. Encapsulated NPs and light stress 22.3. Encapsulated NPs and drought stress 22.4. Encapsulated NPs and heavy metal stress 22.5. Encapsulated NPs and salinity stress 22.6. Encapsulated NPs and temperature stress 22.7. Encapsulated NPs and other abiotic and biotic stress in plants and microbes 22.8. Conclusion and future prospectives Section III – Regulation and future prospects 23. Encapsulated nanoparticles and plant disease: role and regulation 23.1. Introduction 23.2. Defense-Related Functions of encapsulated NPs in Plants 23.3. Encapsulated NPs Finger Proteins 23.4. Role of Low and high encapsulated NPs in Plant Defense 23.5. encapsulated NPs-Sequestering Defense Strategies 23.6. Low and high encapsulated NPs -Triggered Defense Mechanisms 23.7. Pathogens and Pests Evolve Mechanisms to Counteract encapsulated NPs -Related Plant Defense 23.8. Conclusion 24. Commercialization aspects of encapsulated nanoparticles 24.1. Introduction 24.2. Examples 24.3. Manufacturing and Scale-up 24.4. Investment and Funding 24.5. Competitive Landscape 24.6. Conclusions 25. Challenges, opportunities, and future directions for encapsulated nanoparticles 25.1 introduction 25.2 challenges and opportunities 25.3 Future directions 25.4 Conclusion