Limited Offer
Save 50% on book bundles
Immediately download your ebook while waiting for your print delivery. No promo code needed.
Electroluminescence in inorganic semiconductors, polymers and their composites
- 1st Edition - January 1, 2029
- Authors: Sanjay J. Dhoble, Anup Bhat, Kamal K Kushwah, Meera Ramrakhiani
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 9 7 3 - 5
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 2 3 4 - 6
Electroluminescence in inorganic semiconductors, polymers and their composites covers the basic knowledge of electroluminescence including the fundamentals, materials and their pro… Read more
Purchase options
Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect
Request a sales quoteElectroluminescence in inorganic semiconductors, polymers and their composites covers the basic knowledge of electroluminescence including the fundamentals, materials and their properties, synthesis methods, and enhancement of optical performance for ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light through doping using rare earth elements. Recent years have seen massive advances in electroluminescent materials for new technologies, for example, OLEDs for lighting and display applications. The book addresses the application of electroluminescent materials in optical devices and technologies.
The chapters cover all the perspectives of the material and electroluminescence applications from the fundamentals to the latest advances in nanomaterial applications. Synthesis methods are emphasized in relation to their impact on the materials’ optical property performance in different luminescent materials for applications in bio-imaging, phototherapy, data storage, and security advancements.
Chapters 1-3 elaborate on the basic properties and theory of luminescence, the various types of luminescence, and modelling of the luminescence mechanism with the crystal properties of the material. The up-conversion processes and application of materials in different environments is also discussed. Nanoscale luminescent materials, conductive materials, and organic semiconductors are touched on. Chapters 4-5 discuss the fabrication of current electroluminescent devices. There is emphasis on inconspicuous, sustainable, and durable device structures. Techniques for fabricating thin and thick film electroluminescent materials are reviewed. Chapters 6-7 give a brief review of electroluminescent materials and their application in instrumentation required for characterization including their pros and cons for application in imaging and biomedical imaging technologies. Chapters 8-9 review materials for luminescence on the basis of crystallography and atomic arrangement of materials including special attention on their energy conversion, electrical, and optical properties. Chapters 10-11 review the application of electroluminescent materials in a variety of fields such as LEDs.
Electroluminescence in inorganic semiconductors, polymers and their composites
is suitable for researchers in academia in the materials science and engineering, chemistry and physics disciplines and practitioners working in R&D in industry.-
Reviews the fundamentals of electroluminescence, materials synthesis and characterization methods for thin and thick films and their application in optical devices
-
Addresses synthesis methods and their impact on optical property performance for electroluminescent materials and their applications in biomedical, data storage and security
-
Discusses electroluminescence and its applications in nanomaterials, inorganic semiconductors, composites and polymers
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Chemistry, Physics
Chapter 1: Basics of Luminescence
Introduction
1.1 Luminescence
1.2 Center of luminescence
1.3 Electroluminescence mechanisms
1.4 Excitation- Emission mechanisms
1.5 Energy transfer and interaction
1.5.1 Molecular interaction
1.5.2 Relaxation mechanisms
1.5.3 Ion Exchange interaction
1.6 Recombination
1.6.1 Charge carrier-mediated
1.6.2 Injection
1.7 Process mechanics
1.7.1 Transition
1.7.2 Emitting
1.7.3 Rare-Earth Material
1.7.4 Color tuning
1.7.5 Device structure
1.7.6 OLED -Photo voltaic
1.8 Nanostructure material
1.8.1 Density of States
1.8.2 Exactions
1.8.3 Confinement region
1.8.4 Quantum Confinement
1.8.5 Photoluminescence of Quantum Dots
1.9 Surface passivation
1.9.1 Luminescence of Nano Particles
1.9.2 Nano-scale Particles impact with rare earth
1.9.3 Particle size
1.9.4 Effect of doping
1.9.5 Rare Earth in Electroluminescence
1.10 Analysis parameter
1.10.1 Applied Voltage
1.10.2 Frequency
1.10.3 Temperature
1.10.4 Efficiency
1.10.5 Structure
1.11 Electroluminescence Phenomena in Materials
1.11.1 Light Intensity with Voltage
1.11.2 Light Intensity and Frequency
1.12 Temperature Dependence of the Electroluminescent Response
1.12.1 Brightness Waves
1.12.2 Spectral Composition
1.12.3 Effect on Electroluminescence
1.13 Carrier Recombination:
1.13.1 Qualitative Considerations
1.13.2 Relaxation
1.13.3 Excited Activator Centre
1.13.4 Injection or Accumulation
Chapter 2: Up-conversion Electroluminescence Phosphors
Introduction
2.1 Up-conversion process
2.2 Spectroscopy analysis
2.2.1 Time Evolution of Emission
2.2.2 Photon Avalanche Effects
2.2.3 Power Dependence
2.2.4 Efficiency
2.3. Role of Rare Earth in up-conversion
2.4 Organic Up converters
2.5 Nano crystalline Up converters
2.4 Organic Electroluminescence
2.4.1 OLED Fundamentals
2.4.2 Trends and Innovations
2.4.3 Efficiency Enhancement
2.4.4 Challenge
2.5 Temperature dependent electroluminescence
Chapter 3: Preparation of Electroluminescent Materials
Introduction
3.1 Mechanisms of Electroluminescence in Crystals
3.2 EL material Structure
3.2.1 Sulphide
3.2.2 Prophet
3.2.3 Borate
3.2.4 Silicate
3.2.5 Sulphide
3.3 Synthesis process
3.3.1 Sol gel
3.3.2 Solid state
3.3.3 Chemical route
3.3.4 Wet chemical
3.3.5 Green synthesis
3.4 Synthesis parameter
3.4.1 PH
3.4.2 Temp
3.4.3 Surfactant
3.5 Crystal structure
3.5.1 Effect of doping
3.5.2 Charge mobility
3.5.4 Space charge
3.6 Structure of the Spectra
3.6.1 Excitation
3.6.2 Emission
3.6.3 Constant field
3.6.4 Variable field
3.7 EL contact application
3.7.1 Ac-Dc
3.7.2 Near contact
3.7.3 Fields distribution
3.7.4 Half field
3.7.5 Barrier
3.7.6 High Frequencies
3.8 Single Electroluminescent Grains
3.8.1 Nano structure impact on intensity
3.8.2 substrate- host doping effect
3.4 Methods for thin film
3.4.1 Spray pyrolysis
3.4.2 Screen printing
3.4.3 Deep coating
3.4.4 Sputtering
Chapter 4: Electroluminescence effects in materials
Introduction
4.1 Electroluminescent generating method
4.1 .1 Injection
4.1 .2 Injected Carriers
4.1.3 Recombination in Surface States
4.1.4 Electrical breakdown
4.2 Host - Structural Features
4.2 .1 Doping position
4.2.2 Impact on crystal
4.2.3 Unidirectional Fields
4.2.4 Boundary Electroluminescence Effects
4.3 Material preparations
4.4.1 Zinc Sulphide Crystals
4.4.2 GAP
4.4.3 CdT
4.5. Emission Sources and Activation Near Contacts
4.5.1 Observations of Anisotropy
4.5.2 Excitation
4.5.3 Constant Fields
4.5.4 Alternating Fields
4.5.5 Relaxations
4.6Aging Processes
4.7Quantum Efficiency and Nonradioactive
4.7.1Homogeneous Broadening and Depraving
Chapter 5: Phosphor Characterization Techniques for Electroluminescent Materials
Introduction
5.1 Characterization Techniques
5.1.1 XRD
5.1.2 SEM/TEM
5.1.3 FTIR
5.1.4 RAMAN Spectroscopy
5.2.1 Structure of Powders
5.2.2 Particle size
5.2.3 Grain boundary
5.2.4 Activator position
5.2.5 Anisotropy
5.2.6 Molarities
5.3 Host dependent EL
5.3.1 Copper-Activated Zinc Sulphide
5.3.2 Zinc Sulphide Phosphors
5.3.3 CdTe
5.3.4 GaP
5.4 Contact Electroluminescence
5.4.1 Effect of Pre-Excitation
5.4.2 Bidirectional
5.4.3 Sensitizer
5.5 Thin Films Electroluminescence
Chapter 6: Experimental Techniques for Electroluminescent materials
Introduction
6.1 Instrumentation Basic
6.1.1 Light Sources
6.1. 2 Dispersing Elements
6.1.3 Interferometers
6.1.4 Detectors array
6.1.5 Shutter Speed
6.1.6 Optic- Signal processing
6.1.7 Noise Correction
6.2 Calibration
6.2.1 Calibration of Pixel Size
6.2.2 Calibration of Pixel Response
6.2.3 Calculating Area of Image
6.3 Integrated Response measurement system
6.3.1 Hardware for measurement
6.3.2 Microcontroller
6.3.3 Embedded system development
6.3.3.1 ADC-DAC
6.3.3.2 Excitation –emission control
6.3.3.3 Data Acquisitions
6.3.4 Spectral response
6.3.4.1 Calorimetric
6.4 Atomisation Tools
6.4.1 Software
6.4.2 Microcontroller
6.4.3 Data analysis
6.5 Measurements with system
6.5.1 Lifetimes measurement
6.5.2 Aging
6.5.3 Excitation
6.5.3.1 Unidirectional Fields
6.5.3.2 Single-Pulse Unidirectional Fields
6.5.4 Transfer Ionization
6.5.5 Alternating Fields
6.5.5.1 Short-Term Electroluminescence
6.6 Voltage-Current-Brightness Relations
6.6.1 Analysis of Brightness Waves
6.6.2 Dielectric Properties of Phosphor
6.6.3 Frequency Dependence
6.4.2 Long-Term Build-Up
Chapter 7: Applications of electroluminescent materials
7.1 Field wise
7.1.1 Medical field
Biological application
7.2 Bacterial bases
Bacterial disintegration
7.3 Material based
Water purification
LED fabrication
7.4 Device building in biomedical treatment
Scanning
Drug targeting
Localized dose monitoring
Chapter 8: Fabrication technologies for electroluminescent devices
81 Contact technologies
8.1.1 Ohmic contacts
8.1.2 Schottky contacts
8.2 Device isolation
8.2.1 RIE
8.2.2 ICP
8.3 Deposition process
8.3.1 PVD
8.3.2 CVD
8.3.2.1 PECVD
8.3.3 EBL
8.3.4 PLD
8.3.5 Spray Paralysis
8.3.6 Conductive ink
8.3.7 Screen Printing
8.4 Electron beam lithography
8.4.1 T-gates
8.4.2 Field plates
8.5 Surface passivation
8.5.1 PECVD SiN
8.4.2 Surface treatments
8.4.3 Pulsed DC current-voltage measurements
8.5 Electroplating
8.6 Electron beam evaporation
8.6.1 Deposition of by PECVD
8.6.2 Equipment
8.7 Characterization techniques
8.8 Influence of deposition methods
8.8.1 Gas flow
8.8.2 RF power
8.8.3 Total gas pressure
8.8.4 Substrate temperature
8.8.5 Effective lifetime measurements
8.4 Initial measurements
8.5.1 Passivation and leakage
8.5.2 DC current-voltage measurements
8.5.3 Small-signal S-parameter measurements
8.5.4 Active load-pull measurements
8.6 Small periphery devices
8.7 Large periphery devices
Chapter 9: Electroluminescence in nano-particles
Introduction
9. Physics of nanocrystals- quantum dots
9.1 Quantum confinement
9.2 charge carriers
9.3 energy band gap
9.4 Optical transitions
9.5 Electroluminescence in Nano Material
9.6 Characterization of Nanoparticles
9.6.1 Structural impact
9.6.2 Optical characteristics
9.6.3 Current-Voltage Characteristic
9.6.4 Voltage-Brightness Characteristic
9.7 Experiments on nanocrystals
9.7.1 Preparation of Electroluminescence cells
9.7.2 Frequency dependence of EL brightness
9.7.3 Spectral Characteristic
9.8 Electroluminescence of various nanocrystals
9.8.1 CdS
9.8.2 CdS: Mn
9.8.3 ZnS
9.8.4 ZnS: Cu
9.8.5 CdSe
9.8.6 CdZnSe
9.9 Applications of nano-crystalline phosphors in various applications
Chapter10: Electroluminescence in polymers
10.1 Degree of polymerization
10.2 Mechanism of polymerization
10.2.1 Structure of polymers
10.3 Conjugated and non-conjugated polymers
10.4 Electroluminescence in polymers
10.5 Electroluminescence model in polymers
10.6 Efficiency in polymers
10.7 Preparation of polymeric electroluminescence devices
10.8 Experiments on Electroluminescence of polymers
10.8.1 Electroluminescence of PVK
10.8.2 Electroluminescence of ROP
Chapter 11: Electroluminescence in nanocrystals-polymer composites films
11 Nanocomposites
11.1 Electroluminescence in nanocomposites
11.2 Synthesis of nanoparticles embedded polymer films
11.3 Characterisation
11.3.1 Structural Characterization
11.3.2 Optical Characterization
11.3.3 Electroluminescence cells
11.4 Experiments on Electroluminescence of nanocomposites
11.4.1 CdS/PVA
11.4.2 ZnS/PVA
11.4.3 ZnS: Ag/PVA
11.4.4 ZnS: Cu/PVA
11.4.5 CdSe/PVA
11.4.6 CdZnSe/PVA
11.4.7 CdS/PVK
11.4.8 ZnS/PVK
11.4.9 ZnS: Ag/PVK
11.4.10 CdSe/PVK
- No. of pages: 365
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 1, 2029
- Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128239735
- eBook ISBN: 9780128242346
SD
Sanjay J. Dhoble
Sanjay J. Dhoble is a Professor in the Department of Physics at R.T.M. Nagpur University, India. During his research career, he has worked on the synthesis and characterization of solid-state lighting materials, as well as the development of radiation dosimetry phosphors using thermoluminescence techniques and utilization of fly ash.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, IndiaAB
Anup Bhat
Dr.Anup. P. Bhat, completed his Postgraduate degree in Physics and Ph.D. from R.T.M.Nagpur University. He has 10 years of teaching experience in science and engineering. His research area focuses on the synthesis and characterization of magnetic materials, luminescence materials, electronics instrumentation development and embedded computer programming for solid state lighting. He has written 52 papers and has 14 Patents in his name and 5 patents in collaborative with others. Now he is actively working on the development of nanostructured materials for display technologies and localized drug delivery systems. He is an active member of STAMI, LSI, IEEE of India.
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor, Dr. Ambedkar College , Nagpur, and MNG Science College Babhulgaon, Yavatmal, IndiaKK
Kamal K Kushwah
Dr. Kamal K. Kushwah presently works as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Physics, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur (MP). During his research career, he has worked on the mechanical and optical properties of nanocomposites layers. He has published 25 research papers in National and International journals and also filed one patent. He has authored two book chapters on luminescence and photovoltaic technologies.
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Physics, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur (MP)MR
Meera Ramrakhiani
Dr. Meera Ramrakhiani has been a Professor and the Head of the Department of Physics and Electronics and also the Dean for the Faculty of Science at Rani Durgavati University Jabalpur, India. She has done her graduation, M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Jabalpur (now Rani Durgavati University) and has 40 years of teaching and research experience. After superannuation, she is still engaged in academics. About 30 students have completed their Ph.D. degree under her supervision and some are still working in the field of nanomaterials, luminescence and photovoltaic solar cells. Dr. Meera Ramrakhiani has visited many countries for her research work. She has authored/co-authored two books and about 400 research papers and book chapters and has edited two special issues of journals successfully.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor (Retired), Department of Physics and Electronics, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India