Local Government and Strategic Choice, Second Edition is the result of a study of policy-formation in the City Council of Coventry during a four-year period. This edition is a reappraisal of the earlier edition, with an emphasis on ""connective planning."" Part I describes the planning strategies made in an urban setting. This part explains the City and the City Council, organization of the local authority, decision-making mechanisms, developmental planning including land use, school system planning, and cross-departmental planning. Part II is a study of city planning as a process of strategic choice that has been altered in many different ways depending on the purpose. This part also discusses the problems encountered in the planning process such as the existence of organization boundaries in the government sector. Part III deals with a fictional case that relates the uncertainties and political realities of decision-making in an urban setting. The case studies cover land allocation and development, tax, and traffic issues. Part IV discusses organizational challenge and also touches in some way on the future organizational structure of local governments. This text then explains the need for ""connective planning"" of how individuals build flexible networks among decision-making agencies to serve the various interests of both the private and government sectors. This book is suitable for sociologists, city administrators and officials, local government officials, heads of government agencies, and heads of planning and engineering departments of local government units.
The Socio-Political Complex: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Political Life explores the socio-political complex and the whys of politics. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this book covers topics ranging from political science and other sciences to political culture; man's physiological and psychological drives; groups and group dynamics; metaphysical and material variations of values; social semantics; and bourgeois nationalism. This monograph is comprised of 14 chapters and opens with a discussion on man's psychological, anthropological, social, economic, and socio-psychological dimensions. A historical review of the conversion of power into authority is then presented, and bourgeois nationalism is described as the pervasive shape of contemporary politics. The last two chapters consider the contours of political institutions, processes, behavior, and systems, with emphasis on pluralism, government, and the Constitution. A brief epilogue reflects on some political phenomena that furnish the fabric for ""the emperor's new clothes."" This book will appeal to both social and political scientists, as well as students and that segment of the general public interested in social problems and politics.
International Series in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume I: Culture in Contact: Studies in Cross-Cultural Interaction is part of a series of books that presents development in the field of social psychology; each volume contains materials such as empirical research, research procedures, theoretical formulations, and critical reviews of the relevant literature. This particular volume covers the processes and outcomes of cross cultural encounters. The book consists of eight chapters, which are organized into three parts. Part I discusses various types and purposes of cross-cultural contact and reviews the major empirical findings relating to the field. Part II deals with the processes underlying effective communication between culturally diverse persons. Part III concerns itself with practical outcomes of culture contact, such as the reactions of the persons engaged in the meeting. The text will be of great interest to researchers and professionals concerned with the nature of cross-cultural interactions, such as sociologists and social psychologists.
The title first covers the general concerns in secondary school examinations, such as the pass/fail concept, reforms, interpretation of results, and admissibility of subjects. Next, the selection tackles the examination in the ordinary level. The third chapter discusses the Certificate of Secondary Education (C.S.E.) examination; this chapter details the advantages of the C.S.E. along with its systems. Chapter 4 covers the advanced level and university entrance requirements. The next two chapters deal with the General Certificate of Education (G.C.E.) examining bodies. The seventh chapter examines the secondary school testing system in the U.S., while the last chapter talks about the future of the English secondary school examinations. The book will be of great use to both in-training and professional teachers. School administrators will also benefit from the text.
Handbook of Cosmetic Science: An Introduction to Principles and Applications is a guidebook that aids in addressing several areas of concerns in cosmetic science. The book is comprised of 24 chapters that cover the wide spectrum of issues in cosmetics, from application of products up to the proper handling and packaging of cosmetic products. The text first discusses the importance of the body surfaces to which perfumes and cosmetics are applied such as the skin, hair, and teeth. Next the book deals with the chemistry of the raw materials that are processed in the cosmetics industry. The next chapters cover the formulation, production, and packaging of cosmetic products, along with product evaluation and measures to prevent damage to the goods. The text will be of great use to individuals involved in the research, development, production, and application of cosmetic products.
Managerial Communication deals with communication problems in the organization and how they occur, as well as the importance of accurate communication to an individual manager's career. Focusing on the problems of business enterprise in the electronics industry, this book discusses personal factors affecting promotion, along with interpersonal and group communication. It also looks at approaches for improving organizational communication. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with an overview of communication concepts and limitations, including the concept of ""noise"" in the communication process; the growth of public interest in organizational communication; and some of the major problems affecting organizational communication. The next chapter examines the methods used to identify weak links in the communication process, especially highly structured questionnaires. A generalized profile of the electronics managers covered in this study is presented, including the factors affecting their career achievement as well as interpersonal and group communication. Some approaches to improve organizational communication are also described. This monograph is intended for people concerned with organizational communication and especially for those who are actively engaged in management or supervision.
A Systems View of Planning: Towards a Theory of the Urban and Regional Planning Process, Second Edition covers theories of the process of town and regional planning. The book discusses physical change and human ecology; the theory of planning; the variety and entropy of systems; and planning as a conceptual system. The text also describes space and spatial planning; goal formulation in planning; exploratory and normative techniques and intuitive methods in projecting the system; and operational models and their underlying theories. Using linear programming and entropy methods; major aspects of evaluation, program budgeting, cost benefit analysis, and matrix methods; and the spatial method for regional planning are also covered. The book tackles the mixed-programming strategy as well. Engineers, architects, farmers, and foresters will find the book invaluable.
Educreation and Feedback: Education for Creation, Growth and Change, Second Edition explains the pattern of actions based on self-regulation, co-operation, and the therapeutic attitude. Educreation means directed learning toward creation, growth, flexibility, adaptation, and development. This book discusses the concept of education that is required and needed, explaining the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the problems of education. The quantitative aspects include population growth and education selection, while the qualitative aspects address the need for practicable set of directions and the plight of professional education. This book also indicates the fresh pattern in the context of educational theories. One chapter outlines an integrated pattern approach, defining relationship as determining the nature of existence. This book then shows the general implications for education using the concept of educreation. The relevant chapter gives 15 criteria by which to judge if the innovations made in education represent real progress. This book also confers implementation in the field of architectural education by addressing the kind of ideas that will emerge from new patterns of thinking in architectural education. Chapter V of the book discusses feedbacks, such as problem solving in a counseling group; educreation — the change to a community school from a state school; and the adaptation of educreation to teaching history in advanced education. School administrators, academicians, educators, government officials in the education sector, and students of developmental studies will gain a new perspective from reading this book.
Fundamentals of Public Relations: Professional Guidelines, Concepts and Integrations, Second Edition focuses on the basic theories and principles involved in the practice of public relations and describes how public relations functions in adapting an organization to its social, political, and economic environment. Practical guidelines for implementing public relations activities are given. This book is comprised of 30 chapters and begins with an assessment of the nature of public relations, including its function and its ecological concept. Historical highlights in the field of public relations are also presented. Subsequent chapters explore five dialogues that emphasize critical problems affecting the practice of public relations: the first covers the role of the chief executive officer in public relations; the second deals with corporate social responsibility; the third shows the attitudes of labor on the question of jobs versus the environment; the fourth reports on problems of protecting the environment; and the fifth takes a searching look at the energy crisis. This monograph is designed to serve as a basic text for students of public relations and those who are in need of a refresher or even an introduction to the subject of public relations.
Crime and Justice in America: Critical Issues of the Future is a part of the Pergamon Policy Studies and is divided in five parts reflecting five broad problem areas. This collection is from authors chosen based on their exposure to the field of criminal justice and proven expertise in a particular area. The book deals with the forecasting ability of the police for developments over the whole field of public affairs. The first part is concerned with public law enforcement on local, county, state, and national government levels of the American federal system. A particular problem is discussed on each of these levels. The second problem area concerns the most confusing segment of the justice system – the move from the public to the private sector of criminal justice. The growth of campus, school police, and other private police is suggested to assist the public sector. The third part deals with organized crime, terrorism, and hostage negotiations as being grave threats to society. To fight them requires cooperation, even consolidation, and intelligence sources. Organized crime is discussed in the fourth section, where American penal laws are seemingly a reflection of religious mores. The last section covers personnel matters in the criminal justice system and anticipated developments after achieving professionalism in the police and correctional services. This book is intended for scholars, practitioners, and students of criminal justice. This text can prove useful to practitioners in the fields of sociology, psychology, and public administration. This book is also recommended for investigators and private citizens interested in the study of criminal justice.